Nitrobenzene

About: Nitrobenzene is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 5285 publications have been published within this topic receiving 83368 citations. The topic is also known as: essence of mirbane & nitrobenzol.

Process for synthesizing weakly alkaline anionic exchange resin with double functions and superhigh cross-linking

Abstract: A series of ultrahigh-cross-linked weakly alkaline-anionic exchange resin with both adsorption and exchange functions, which has different specific surface areas and exchange capacities, is prepared from low-cross-linked macroporous polystyrene through chloromethylation, cross-linking reaction, where the nitrobenzene or substituted nitrobenzene is used as solvent and the Lewis acid is used as catalyst, and amination by dimethylamine.

Study on degradation of nitrobenzene in groundwater using emulsified nano-zero-valent iron

Abstract: Emulsified nano-zero-valent iron (EZVI) is a modified form of bare nanoiron with improved transportability and targetability for the remediation of organic-solvents polluted soil and groundwater. In this work, EZVI (50–150 nm) was prepared by coating an emulsified vegetable oil membrane on the surface of Fe nanoparticles. EZVI was well-dispersed and less aggregation was observed. Batch experiments were conducted in anaerobic conditions to investigate the kinetics of nitrobenzene reduction by EZVI and the influences of oil concentration, initial iron content, and initial pH. Results indicated that the kinetics of nitrobenzene reduction by EZVI followed a pseudo-first-order kinetics. The observed rate constant of nitrobenzene is 0.0942 min−1. The oil concentration of 1 and 2 % tended to be preferred concentrations. The rate of nitrobenzene degradation and aniline formation increased with increasing iron content. The low pH is favorable to the nitrobenzene reduction by EZVI.

Commercial catalysts screening for liquid phase nitrobenzene hydrogenation

Abstract: In this work, a series of commercially available materials was screened for the catalytic hydrogenation of nitrobenzene (NB). The materials revealed different performances, particularly different activities in what concerns the NB conversion, and notably diverse selectivities towards the industrially desired reaction product, aniline (ANL). The catalysts’ active phases are based on Pd and Ni (respectively groups I and II), namely 1 wt.% Pd/Al2O3 (catalyst I.1), 0.3 wt.% Pd/Al2O3 (catalyst I.2), 0.3 wt.% Pd/Al2O3 (catalyst I.3), and 50 wt.% NiO/(Al2O3 + SiO2) (catalyst II.1). The fresh and used materials were characterized by several physical-chemical techniques, specifically scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), nitrogen adsorption (with BET surface area determination), X-ray diffraction (XRD), H2 temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and elemental (CHNS) analysis. It was shown that the catalysts are stable in the conditions studied and no deactivation was found. The characterization results allowed explaining the catalytic behavior of the tested materials. In particular, catalyst I.1 was found to be the less active, probably due to its much lower BET surface area (and larger Pd particle size). On the other hand, catalyst I.2 was the more active, which was well correlated to the smaller average particle size (along with narrower Pd particle size distribution) and smaller pellet size, although the active metal content is low. Finally, it was observed that catalyst II.1 is the most selective towards light by-products (benzene (Bz), cyclohexylamine (CHA), cyclohexanol (CHOL) and cyclohexanone (CHONA)), probably due to its lower pore size dimensions.

Hydrogenation of organic substrates by an heterogenized catalyst based on a bis(diphenylphosphino)methane polymer-bound palladium(II) complex

Abstract: Pd(OAc) 2 undergoes easy and quantitative coordination to a cross-linked styrene/divinylbenzene resin functionalized with bis(diphenylphosphino)methane ligands to yield a supported palladium complex which behaves as a versatile and recyclable heterogenized catalyst for the hydrogenation of nitrocompounds and α,β-unsaturated aldehydes under mild conditions. Whereas nitrobenzene is converted only into aniline, cinnamaldehyde is selectively converted into hydrocinnamaldehyde.

The effects of diluent in the liquid-liquid extraction of copper and nickel using 2-hydroxy-5-nonylbenzophenone oxime

Abstract: An investigation of diluent effect in the extraction of metals was carried out by examining the equilibrium distribution of copper and nickel in hydroxyoxime as extractant, using n-heptane, xylene, nitrobenzene and several oxygen-containing polar solvents as diluents. From a comparison in the shift of the infra-red absorption band of oxime and the extraction constant for each diluent, the strength of the interaction between the oxime and diluent molecules resulting from hydrogen-bonding can be used as a measure of the diluent effect. Progressive replacement of n-heptane by an oxygen-containing polar solvent causes the extraction performance to be sharply reduced, without changing the molecular form of the extracted species. The extent of this reduction can be accounted for by the formation of an intermolecular complex between the oxime and polar solvent molecules, and the equilibrium constants of these complexes are reported. Identical treatment and analysis have been carried out for the combinations of xylene and polar solvents, and for n-heptane and xylene.