Nitrobenzene

About: Nitrobenzene is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 5285 publications have been published within this topic receiving 83368 citations. The topic is also known as: essence of mirbane & nitrobenzol.

Breakdown of waste waters containing aromatic nitro compounds

Abstract: A process for breaking down aromatic nitro compounds in waste waters from plants for the production of nitrobenzene by treatment with nitric acid is carried out at from 180° to 350° C. and under a pressure of from 40 to 250 bar.

A new 3D four-fold interpenetrated dia-like luminescent Zn(II)-based metal–organic framework: the sensitive detection of Fe3+, Cr2O72−, and CrO42− in water, and nitrobenzene in ethanol

Abstract: A new three-dimensional zinc-based metal–organic framework, namely [Zn2(4,4′-nba)2(1,4-bib)2]n (1), where 4,4′-H2nba = 3-nitro-4,4′-biphenyldicarboxylic acid and 1,4-bib = 1,4-bis(imidazole-1-ylmethyl)benzene, has been solvothermally synthesized and structurally characterized via single-crystal X-ray diffraction, IR spectroscopic, elemental, thermogravimetric, and Hirshfeld surface analyses. In the crystal structure of 1, the oxygen and nitrogen atoms of two 4,4′-nba2− and two 1,4-bib ligands bind to the metal ion, creating irregular tetrahedral geometry. The 4,4′-nba2− and 1,4-bib ligands serve as linear bidentate linkers to form a four-fold interpenetrated 3D framework with dia-like topology. Luminescence studies revealed that 1 can be used as a highly sensitive multi-responsive luminescent sensor for sensing Fe3+, Cr2O72−, and CrO42− in H2O, and nitrobenzene in C2H5OH. The detection limits of Fe3+, Cr2O72−, CrO42− and nitrobenzene can reach 1.76 μM, 3.25 μM, 3.8 μM and 0.19 μM, respectively. Moreover, 1 can be recycled at least five times for sensing Fe(III) and Cr(VI). The sensitivity and stability of 1, 1@Fe3+, 1@Cr2O72, and 1@CrO42− were also investigated at different pH and temperature values. 1 exhibited satisfactory sensing abilities when the pH ranged from 3 to 10, and the temperature ranged from 5 °C to 75 °C, indicating that 1 could act as a fluorescent probe for Fe3+ under physiological pH conditions. These results support the idea that 1 has good anti-interference abilities and potential for sensing Fe(III), Cr(VI) and nitrobenzene in real environments. In addition, the possible fluorescence quenching mechanism was explored in this paper.

On-line monitoring by membrane introduction mass spectrometry of chlorination of organics in water. Mechanistic and kinetic aspects of chloroform formation.

Abstract: Chloroform formation during the chlorination of simple organic molecules modeling humic substances, such as phenol and di- and trihydroxybenzenes, was studied by on-line membrane introduction mass spectrometry (MIMS). Under the reaction conditions employed, chloroform was rapidly formed from 1,3-dihydroxybenzene, 1, 4-dihydroxybenzene, phenol and 1,2,3-trihydroxybenzene with yields of 17, 13, 7 and 5%, respectively. With the exception of aniline, which afforded a 17% chloroform yield, non-phenolic compounds, such as nitrobenzene, chlorobenzene, toluene, benzene and cyclohexanol, furnished low yields. Mechanistic studies showed that phenol is chlorinated consecutively and produces initially chlorophenol. It is suggested that chloroform might be formed mainly from chlorinated 3, 5-cyclohexadienone-type intermediates. MIMS was also used to determine the reaction rates and to study the kinetics of the chlorination. A good Hammett linear correlation for an electrophilic substitution mechanism was found for the compounds C(6)H(5)X (X = NH(2), OH, CH(3), H, Cl and NO(2)).

Process for preparing 4-aminodiphenylamine

Abstract: A process for preparing 4-aminodiphenylamine having the steps of reacting nitrobenzene and aniline in the presence of a complex base catalyst, hydrogenating the reaction mixture with hydrogen, a powdery composite catalyst, and a hydrogenation solvent; separating, recovering, and reusing the complex base catalyst and the powdery composite catalyst from the reaction mixture; separating, recovering, and reusing aniline, and optionally water, from the reaction mixture; refining the reaction mixture to obtain 4-aminodiphenylamine. The complex base catalyst comprises tetraalkyl ammonium hydroxide, and tetraalkyl ammonium salt.