Topic
Nitrobenzene
About: Nitrobenzene is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 5285 publications have been published within this topic receiving 83368 citations. The topic is also known as: essence of mirbane & nitrobenzol.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the real active sites of Co3O4 were revealed through a combination of XRD, XPS, HRTEM, EELS and poisoning experiments with sulfur-containing compounds.
77 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the use of activated carbon cloth (ACC) as platinum catalyst support has been investigated using four commercial ACC samples, and the results show good dispersion values and present two singular advantages over published data on granular activated carbon supports: (i) they have a remarkable ease of reduction; the reduction of Pt is almost complete at 393 K and they have proved to be stable at temperatures as high as 623 K and after long reduction time (12 h).
Abstract: The use of activated carbon cloth (ACC) as platinum catalyst support has been investigated using four commercial ACC samples. These ACCs have large apparent surface areas and they are essentially microporous. Platinum catalysts, prepared by impregnation, have been characterized by hydrogen chemisorption. Three different reduction treatments have been conducted, the effect of temperature and time of reduction have been analyzed. The results show good dispersion values and present two singular advantages over published data on granular activated carbon supports: (i) they have a remarkable ease of reduction; the reduction of Pt is almost complete at 393 K and (ii) they have proved to be stable at temperatures as high as 623 K and after long reduction time (12 h). Therefore, the great advantage of these catalysts, in addition to the particular shape of the cloth support, is the possibility of being used in a wide range of process temperatures. The behaviour of these Pt ACC catalysts in a low temperature hydrogenation reaction has been tested studying their catalytic activity for nitrobenzene hydrogenation. The catalysts have been reduced, prior to the hydrogenation of nitrobenzene, at a quite low temperature (323 K) and their Pt dispersion has also been measured. Most of Pt ACC catalysts show noticeable catalytic activity for nitrobenzene hydrogenation, carried out at 273 K. The surface area of the ACC supports controls the Pt dispersion, which in turn is responsible for the catalytic activity. A good linear relationship between activity and Pt dispersion (determined at the reduction temperature used during the hydrogenation reaction) has been found. Under the experimental conditions used the hydrogenation of nitrobenzene seems to be a structure insensitive reaction.
77 citations
TL;DR: The irradiation-induced reduction of electrochemically grafted nitrobenzene films on Si(111) was monitored by high-resolution photoelectron spectroscopy to follow this process in detail and to determine the constants of growth and decay of the specific components.
Abstract: The irradiation-induced reduction of electrochemically grafted nitrobenzene films on Si(111) was monitored by high-resolution photoelectron spectroscopy. The experiments were performed using synchr...
76 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a microporous hydrophobic hollow fiber based membrane extractor has been used to remove a number of priority organic pollutants simultaneously from a synthetic high strengh aqueous waste stream.
Abstract: A recently developed nondispersive microporous membrane-beed solvent extraction technique has been used to remove a number of priority organic pollutants simultaneously from a synthetic high strengh aqueous waste stream. A microporous hydrophobic hollow fiber based membrane extractor having an order of magnitude higher contact area than conventional extraction devices he been used. The pollutants were phenol, 2-chlorophenol, nitrobenzene, toluene, andacrylonitrile. The extracting solvents were methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK), isopropyl acetate (IPAc), and hexane
76 citations
TL;DR: Computer fitting of the cyclic voltammetry of 4-nitroaniline, NA, plus 1,3-diphenylurea in DMF shows essentially no binding between urea and NA in the oxidized state, but very strong binding in the reduced state, along with very rapid rates of hydrogen bond formation, making this system a fast on/off redox switch.
Abstract: Reduction of nitrobenzene derivatives in the presence of arylureas in aprotic solvents results in large positive shifts in potential of the nitrobenzene(0/)(-) cyclic voltammetry wave with little change in wave shape. This behavior is indicative of reversible hydrogen bonding between nitrobenzene radical anions and arylureas. Computer fitting of the cyclic voltammetry of 4-nitroaniline, NA, plus 1,3-diphenylurea in DMF shows essentially no binding between urea and NA in the oxidized state (K(ox) < 1 M(-)(1)), but very strong binding in the reduced state (K(red) = 8 x 10(4) M(-)(1)), along with very rapid rates of hydrogen bond formation (k(f)'s approximately 10(8)-10(10) M(-)(1) s(-)(1)), making this system a fast on/off redox switch.
76 citations