Showing papers on "Noise pollution published in 1983"

Adjustment to Natural and Technological Hazards A Study of an Urban Residential Community

Abstract: Human adjustments to natural and technological hazards were examined using questionnaire data provided by a sample of residents on the Beach Strip in Hamilton, Ontario. This area is exposed to five hazards: flooding, severe storms, air pollution, water pollution, and noise pollution. It was hypothesized that residents made cognitive and/or behavioral adjustments to these problems. The results indicate that behavioral adjustments are widespread but do not reduce the perceived severity of environmental problems. It appears that many residents remain in the area because of low-cost housing and a closely knit community structure.

Metropolitan transportation planning. Second edition

Abstract: This textbook provides coverage of the urban transportation planning field. Emphasis is placed on the interdisciplinary aspects of real-world metropolitan transportation with an orientation toward problem solving. Attention is given to public transportation characteristics (e.g., speed, capacity), user costs, air and noise pollution, post-project evaluation, decision making and community involvement, transportation systems management, planning at strategy, policy, program, and project levels, and finance, budgeting, and related legislative and organizational concerns.

Evaluation of human exposure to the noise from large wind turbine generators

Abstract: The human perception of a nuisance level of noise was quantified in tests and attempts were made to define criteria for acceptable sound levels from wind turbines. Comparisons were made between the sound necessary to cause building vibration, which occurred near the Mod-1 wind turbine, and human perception thresholds for building noise and building vibration. Thresholds were measured for both broadband and impulsive noise, with the finding that noise in the 500-2000 Hz region, and impulses with a 1 Hz fundamental, were most noticeable. Curves were developed for matching a receiver location with expected acoustic output from a machine to determine if the sound levels were offensive. In any case, further data from operating machines are required before definitive criteria can be established.

Road traffic noise and its control

Abstract: Singapore is a small country of 600 sq kilometers with a population of 2.3 Million and an estimated 300,000 motor vehicles on a total of 2,000 km of roads. New roads are continually being laid and existing ones widened to take the increased traffic flow. Many new high speed expressways have been planned to run across the country and two are already operational. The warm tropical climate in Singapore results in windows being open for most of the time for ventilation day and night. Air conditioning is usually found only in office buildings. Noise, particularly that due to road traffic, has been found to be an increasing problem as many roads run through residential and noise sensitive localities. The impact has hitherto been evident after the opening of the roads to traffic and little has been done to prevent noise problems during the planning stages in the past. With the opening of the expressways, complaints against road traffic noise have risen sharply. Some of the principles behind current traffic noise studies and some methods of control are presented.

Noise pollution as factor in voice disorders.

Abstract: Noise pollution and the resultant hearing loss induced by noise trauma have long been brought to our attention. Legislation has been passed and is still in various stages of enforcement throughout the country. Standards for industrial noise levels and fairly uniform guidelines for the wearing of protective headgear have been established. A considerable scientific literature . has been published on this subject, with the media further enlightening the public about noise pollution as an environmental hazard. Particular attention has been paid to noise at or near airports and to the loudness of music such as rock and roll. Factory noise levels are monitored and are a matter of enough concern that the noise-induced trauma is recognized as compensable. As otolaryngologists we should also recognize environmental noise as a factor playing a significant role in our communicative function. Increased environmental noise levels contribute to vocal abuse by requiring an increase in vocal intensity for phonation.

Aircraft trajectories for reduced noise impact

Abstract: Numerical optimization is used to compute the optimum flight paths, based upon a parametric form that implicitly includes some of the problem restrictions. The other constraints are formulated as penalties in the cost function. Various aircraft on multiple trajectories (landing and takeoff) can be considered. The modular design employed allows for the substitution of alternate models of the population distribution, aircraft noise, flight paths, and annoyance, or for the addition of other features (e.g., fuel consumption) in the cost function. A reduction in the required amount of searching over local minima was achieved through use of the presence of statistical lateral dispersion in the flight paths. Previously announced in STAR as N81-31159

Computer Programs for Producing Single-Event Aircraft Noise Data for Specific Engine Power and Meteorological Conditions for Use with USAF (United States Air Force) Community Noise Model (NOISEMAP).

Abstract: : The Air Force community noise prediction model (NOISEMAP) is used to describe the aircraft noise exposure around airbases and thereby aid airbase planners to minimize exposure and prevent community encroachment which could limit mission effectiveness of the installation. This report documents two computer programs (OMEGA 10 and OMEGA 11) which were developed to prepare aircraft flight and ground runup noise data for input to NOISEMAP. OMEGA 10 is for flight operations and OMEGA 11 is for aircraft ground runups. All routines in each program are documented at a level useful to a programmer working with the code or a reader interested in a general overview of what happens within a specific subroutine. Both programs input normalized, reference aircraft noise data; i.e., data at a standard reference distance from the aircraft, for several fixed engine power settings, a reference airspeed and standard day meteorological conditions. Both programs operate on these normalized, reference data in accordance with user-defined, non-reference conditions to derive single-event noise data for 22 distances (200 to 25,000 feet) in a variety of physical and psycho-acoustic metrics. These outputs are in formats ready for input to NOISEMAP. (Author)

Planning and pollution : an examination of the role of land use planning in the protection of environmental quality

Abstract: This book is concerned with the role of land use planning powers in controlling air, water, land, and noise pollution. It presents five carefully researched and detailed case studies of recent planning successes and failures in anticipating and abating pollution. To improve prevention, recommendations are made to modify current planning procedures, including the use of environmental impact assessment and a more explicit consideration of social justice. Readership: planners; environmentalists; all those concerned to anticipate and control pollution problems.

Noise Exposure Study of Reese AFB Personnel Working on the Flightline in Selected Adjacent Shops

Abstract: : A survey of noise in and around flightline shops at Reese AFB was accomplished to determine the extent and location of hazardous noise as defined in AFR 161-35, 'Hazardous Noise Exposure', 9 Apr 1982 The survey included personal dosimetry and an analysis of flightline generated noise during the multiple shifts common to maintenance activities Survey results support the conclusion that assignment to a flightline shop, per se, does not constitute assignment to a hazardous noise area Exposures received by personnel assigned to the Egress and Fuel Systems shops are not considered to pose a high risk of noise exposure from either in-shop or flightline noise Dosimetry results from persons assigned to the following areas support their inclusion in the Hearing Conservation Program: Repair and Reclamation, Pneudraulics, Flightline Support Services, Fuel Management, Structural Repair and Welding The decision to recommend inclusion of those shops in the program is documented in the report as being based on both in-shop or adjacent noise source exposure and the employees' duties

Prediction of Highway Construction Noise Levels

Abstract: A model for the prediction of noise levels from highway construction operations has been developed under sponsorship of the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). Noise sources are geometrically represented as points, lines and areas, and noise barrier attenuation may also be analyzed. Built into the model and accompanying computer program is a data base for over fifty types of construction equipment and operations. Use of the interactive computer program is illustrated through an example problem. While use of the model is not required, FHWA regulations do mandate that highway construction noise be addressed during the development of Federal‐aid highway projects. The model and program may therefore be used by highway noise control engineers for environmental impact assessment and for design of noise abatement measures.

Noise Levels and Data Analyses for Small Prop-Driven Aircraft

Abstract: : During the Summer and Fall of 1982, the FAA Office of Environment and Energy, Noise Abatement Division, conducted a noise measurement program to evaluate proposed revisions of International and U.S. noise certification standards for light-weight propeller-driven aircraft. Tests were conducted using both single- and twin-engine propeller-driven light aircraft. Normally aspirated, turbo-charged, and turboprop engines were included, as were both fixed and variable pitch propellers. Takeoff noise measurements were made for eighteen aircraft. Additional measurements for nine of these aircraft (during level flight) provided sufficient data to examine the relationship of noise level versus helical tip Mach Number and engine power setting. This report presents noise measurements, aircraft position data, meteorological data, and cockpit instrument readings acquired during the test. Data analyses include: corrections to proposed noise certification reference conditions, development of Mach Number and Power Correction functions, empirical examination of sound propagation, regression of noise level versus weight ( and the logarithm of weight) and correlation of acoustical intensity (AL) and acoustical dose (SEL) noise metrics. While this report concludes that a takeoff noise certification procedure is feasible and will provide consistent results for a given aircraft, it remains uncertain whether or not equal stringency (or even comparable stringency) can be achieved between the existing certification procedure and the proposed takeoff procedure.

Human annoyance response to aircraft noise

Abstract: Human annoyance response to aircraft noise is studied. Subject matter covered includes: emotional response to acoustic noise; loudness differences and scaling techniques.

Building in noisy environments

Abstract: SUMMARY As land for building becomes scarce and more people desire homes in inner city areas or near public transport, environmentally marginal land becomes more attractive for housing. Much of the available land is former industrial or commercial premises located on or near major urban roads. Other land is unused railway property. In each case the predominant environmental limitation to using such land is noise. In this paper the methods available for controlling noise are reviewed and their effectiveness assessed. Some novel methods of controlling noise and annoyance are also examined.