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Noise pollution
About: Noise pollution is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 4455 publications have been published within this topic receiving 67192 citations.
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TL;DR: The purpose of this article is to review the literature, and to identify the expected technical characteristics of the sensors to address the problem of noise pollution assessment, and put forward the challenges that are needed to respond to a massive deployment of low-cost noise sensors.
Abstract: Noise pollution reduction in the environment is a major challenge from a societal and health point of view. To implement strategies to improve sound environments, experts need information on existing noise. The first source of information is based on the elaboration of noise maps using software, but with limitations on the realism of the maps obtained, due to numerous calculation assumptions. The second is based on the use of measured data, in particular through professional measurement observatories, but in limited numbers for practical and financial reasons. More recently, numerous technical developments, such as the miniaturization of electronic components, the accessibility of low-cost computing processors and the improved performance of electric batteries, have opened up new prospects for the deployment of low-cost sensor networks for the assessment of sound environments. Over the past fifteen years, the literature has presented numerous experiments in this field, ranging from proof of concept to operational implementation. The purpose of this article is firstly to review the literature, and secondly, to identify the expected technical characteristics of the sensors to address the problem of noise pollution assessment. Lastly, the article will also put forward the challenges that are needed to respond to a massive deployment of low-cost noise sensors.
35 citations
TL;DR: Synthetic materials are rarely used in the venous system except as simple patches, but externally reinforced polytetrafluoroethylene is the material of choice for replacement of the iliac veins and the inferior vena cava.
Abstract: Many patients produce their own femorofemoral collaterals (note the suprapubic varicose veins). Operation in such patients is unnecessary. There are no reliable and safe methods for repairing incompetent valves in deep veins. Research continues, however, and includes assessment of transplanting vein valves from the axillary vein into the upper popliteal segment. This has relieved symptoms in some patients, and calfpump function has been improved. Additional attempts have been made to repair femoral vein valves. This may have a place in patients with congenital valve aplasia, but so far there has been no long term follow up in patients who have undergone repair of valves after thrombosis in limbs. The support of incompetent valves with external slings has also been tried, with encouraging initial results. Longstanding venous occlusion may be treated by bypass. The contralateral normal long saphenous vein is dissected out and anastomosed to the femoral vein on the occluded side. The iliac occlusion is bypassed and encouraging results have been obtained. The adjunctive use of a temporary arteriovenous fistula increases flow, and this maintains patency. Bypass of an occluded superficial femoral vein (using long saphenous vein) does not give equally good results. Synthetic materials are rarely used in the venous system except as simple patches, but externally reinforced polytetrafluoroethylene is the material of choice for replacement of the iliac veins and the inferior vena cava.
35 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compared and quantified noise emissions between the historical and epidemic periods, and found that the reduction in noise levels observed at all monitoring stations coincides with the reduced shipping traffic.
35 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a solution to global warming and noise pollution is proposed, which are rapidly rising as catastrophic crises of the hour, and therefore many pieces of research of the recent times are focused on addressing the solution to these issues.
Abstract: Global warming and noise pollution are rapidly rising as catastrophic crises of the hour. Therefore, many pieces of research of the recent times are focused on addressing a solution to these issues...
35 citations
TL;DR: There is not consistent evidence that the meteorological conditions on the day of the interview or the immediately preceding days have any more effect on long-term noise annoyance measures than do the conditions over themediately preceding weeks or months.
Abstract: More than 80 000 residents' responses to transportation noise from 42 studies conducted at different times of year provide statistical estimates of the effects of season and meteorological conditions on community response to noise. The strongest evidence for a seasonal effect comes from 7 years of continuous daily interviewing of nationally representative probability samples in the Netherlands. Long-term annoyance with noise is slightly, but statistically significantly, higher in the summer than in the winter. Analyses of 41 other surveys drawn from diverse countries, climates, and times of year also provide evidence that noise annoyance varies over the year, is increased by temperature, and may be increased by more sunshine, less precipitation, and reduced wind speeds. These findings are not sufficiently precise to determine whether the apparent relationships with meteorological conditions are only the result of seasonal variations or are also the result of differences in the climate at different locations. There is not consistent evidence that the meteorological conditions on the day of the interview or the immediately preceding days have any more effect on long-term noise annoyance measures than do the conditions over the immediately preceding weeks or months. © 2005 Acoustical Society of America.
35 citations