Non-rapid eye movement sleep

About: Non-rapid eye movement sleep is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 8661 publications have been published within this topic receiving 389465 citations. The topic is also known as: NREM.

Effect of Serotonin Uptake Inhibition on Breathing during Sleep and Daytime Symptoms in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Abstract: Pharmacologic enhancement of serotonergic transmission by serotonin uptake inhibition has been suggested as one approach to improve upper-airway patency and thus nocturnal breathing in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). To test this hypothesis, we performed a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover study testing the effect of paroxetine (20 mg od) on polysomnographic and psychopathologic outcomes in 20 male OSA patients (mean age 52.1 years, mean BMI 28.7 kg/m2, mean oxygen desaturation index on a previous screening 25.4/hour). The two treatment periods of 6 weeks and the separating washout period of 4 weeks were completed by 17 patients. Paroxetine reduced the apnea index during NREM sleep (-35%, p = 0.003), but not during REM sleep. No significant effect on hypopnea indices was found. With the exception of a previously described REM-postponing effect (p = 0.05), sleep architecture was not significantly influenced by paroxetine. Similarly, the effect of paroxetine on apnea was not associated with a significant overall alleviation of psychopathologic symptoms as rated on the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale or OSA-related daytime complaints assessed by visual analog scales. We conclude that enhanced serotonergic transmission improves breathing during NREM sleep in OSA. This effect is poorly related to effects on sleep architecture or daytime symptoms.

Napping and 24-hour sleep/wake patterns in healthy elderly and young adults.

Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine differences between healthy elderly and young adults in daytime napping, nocturnal sleep, and 24-hour sleep/wake patterns. A second objective was to determine whether elderly subjects with more and less frequent naps differed in their clinical features or nocturnal sleep. DESIGN: Survey by sleep/wake logs and polysomnography. Comparison by age. SETTING: Sleep/wake logs were completed in the subjects' homes. Polysomnographic studies were conducted on an outpatient basis in a sleep and chronobiology research laboratory. SUBJECTS: Convenience samples of forty-five healthy subjects over 78 years of age (21M, 24F) and 33 healthy adults between 20 and 30 years of age (20M, 13F). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Using self-reports, we estimated the frequency and timing of daytime naps; timing, duration, and quality of nocturnal sleep; and 24-hour patterns of sleep and wakefulness. Also polysomnographic sleep measures. RESULTS: Compared to young adults, elderly subjects reported a greater mean number of daytime naps (P = .004), shorter nocturnal sleep with more wakefulness and earlier sleep hours (P less than .003 for each), and a trend for a shorter 24-hour sleep fraction. Among the elderly, more-frequent and less-frequent nappers did not differ in clinical ratings, self-report sleep measures, or polysomnographic measures. There was a trend for more sleep-disordered breathing and periodic limb movements in more frequent nappers. CONCLUSIONS: These findings are consistent with an age-related decrease in amplitude of the circadian sleep propensity rhythm, or with the expression of a semi-circadian (12-hour) sleepiness rhythm. However, we cannot exclude the additional possibility that napping results from lifestyle factors and nocturnal sleep pathologies in a subset of the elderly. Language: en

Associations of sleep with everyday mood, minor symptoms and social interaction experience

Abstract: Although there are strong popular beliefs about the value of a good night's sleep, there is very little documented evidence of day-to-day relations between sleep and well-being In this study, covariations between sleep and both prior and subsequent daily states of well-being were studied in a healthy, employed sample Thirty volunteers used pocket computers to complete a daily sleep diary and self-rating scales of mood, minor symptoms and social interaction experience These were recorded every 2 hours for 14 days except during sleep periods A pooled regression analysis showed small but significant relationships between many of the sleep and well-being measures Sleep appeared to be more strongly related to subsequent well-being than prior well-being An earlier onset of sleep was associated with better mood and social interaction experience the following day and was a better predictor than sleep duration This result was interpreted to be consistent with the phase angle model of chronobiologic mood disorders In general, the results suggest that the sleep disturbances found in affective disorders may not be pathological but instead represent the extremes of normal relationships between sleep and well-being

Association of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Rapid Eye Movement Sleep With Reduced Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes: Therapeutic Implications

Abstract: OBJECTIVE Severity of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been associated with poorer glycemic control in type 2 diabetes. It is not known whether obstructive events during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep have a different metabolic impact compared with those during non-REM (NREM) sleep. Treatment of OSA is often limited to the first half of the night, when NREM rather than REM sleep predominates. We aimed to quantify the impact of OSA in REM versus NREM sleep on hemoglobin A 1c (HbA 1c ) in subjects with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS All participants underwent polysomnography, and glycemic control was assessed by HbA 1c . RESULTS Our analytic cohort included 115 subjects (65 women; age 55.2 ± 9.8 years; BMI 34.5 ± 7.5 kg/m 2 ). In a multivariate linear regression model, REM apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) was independently associated with increasing levels of HbA 1c ( P = 0.008). In contrast, NREM AHI was not associated with HbA 1c ( P = 0.762). The mean adjusted HbA 1c increased from 6.3% in subjects in the lowest quartile of REM AHI to 7.3% in subjects in the highest quartile of REM AHI ( P = 0.044 for linear trend). Our model predicts that 4 h of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) use would leave 60% of REM sleep untreated and would be associated with a decrease in HbA 1c by approximately 0.25%. In contrast, 7 h of CPAP use would cover more than 85% of REM sleep and would be associated with a decrease in HbA 1c by as much as 1%. CONCLUSIONS In type 2 diabetes, OSA during REM sleep may influence long-term glycemic control. The metabolic benefits of CPAP therapy may not be achieved with the typical adherence of 4 h per night.