Showing papers on "Nozzle published in 1971"

Drop‐size distributions from pneumatic atomizers

Abstract: A study was made of the atomizing characteristics of convergent-type pneumatic nozzles. Drop-size correlations were obtained for the following ranges: drop size, 6 to 350 μ, mass median diameter; mass flow ratio, 0.06 to 40; relative velocity, 250 ft./sec. to sonic velocity; and viscosity. 1 to 50 cp. The technique employed was to spray cool a molten wax, and melts of wax-polyethylene mixtures. The most important operating variables in pneumatic atomization are the dynamic force of the atomizing gas, and the mass flow ratio of air to liquid. The cumulative volume drop-size distribution of spray from a pneumatic nozzle was fitted by a modified logistic equation. Empirical correlations developed in the study can be used to design nozzles or to predict drop size for sprays produced by the types of nozzles studied. In particular, this study provides new experimental data on the performance of pneumatic atomizers in producing relatively large drops.

Electron-beam studies of viscous flow in supersonic nozzles

Abstract: Viscous flow in supersonic de Laval nozzle, measuring gas density and rotational temperatures by electron beam techniques

Supersonic Molecular Beams of Alkali Dimers

Abstract: Intense alkali beams containing up to 30% mole fraction of K2, Rb2, or Cs2 have been generated from a supersonic nozzle expansion, with oven temperatures up to ∼ 900°K (corresponding to alkali vapor pressures up to ∼ 350 torr) and nozzle temperatures ∼ 50–300°K higher. The total beam intensity obtained reached ∼ 5 × 1017 particles sec−1·sr−1. An inhomogeneous deflecting magnet was used to separate the dimer and atom components of the beam, and the variation of dimer concentration with oven pressure and nozzle temperature were studied for a variety of nozzle sizes (throat diameters 0.04–0.15 mm). The velocity distributions of the atom and dimer components were also measured and found to be quite similar; the peaks occur at velocities up to 70% higher than the most probable atom velocity in the oven, and the widths are very narrow, corresponding to random translational temperatures as low as ∼ 30°K, and Mach numbers up to ∼ 15. A simple one‐dimensional theory of dimerization which takes into account vibrational relaxation and heat of condensation is found to be consistent with the data. It is shown that the observed velocity distributions and the variation of the dimer yield with pressure and nozzle diameter imply that most of the heat of condensation does not contribute to the beam acceleration but goes into vibrational excitation of the dimer molecules. A nominal value of ∼ 3 × 10−30 cm6 sec−1 at ∼ 600°K is obtained for the recombination rate constant for Cs+Cs+Cs→Cs2+Cs. A reduced variable plot is provided which enables the theory to be applied to nozzle expansions of any substance for which the chemical recombination is governed by three‐body collisions.

Nozzle and torch for plasma jet

Abstract: A plasma jet nozzle is characterized by a plasma jet flame opening mainly in the form of a slit which produces a stable and powerful jet flame in the form of sheet-film or sector, and a long and slender cylindrical plasma jet torch with a slit nozzle fixed at the end is characterized by its use for boring deep into reinforced concrete.

High pressure jet-grouting method

Abstract: A method and apparatus for high pressure jet-grouting which comprise inserting an injecting tube into the ground which has a nozzle disposed for directing a jet of a chemical containing a ground hardening agent at an angle inclined to the axial direction of the injecting tube. The jet of the chemical hardening agent is discharged through the nozzle at a velocity of 100-450 m/sec and at a pressure of 50-1000 kg/cm2.

Fluidic seal for segmented nozzle diaphragm

Abstract: In a gas turbine engine, fluidic sealing is provided between the segments of a nozzle diaphragm in a manner that enables both the individual nozzle segments and the seal members to be brought together for joinder from directions that are generally radial in respect to the nozzle axis, thereby permitting assembly in areas where axial movement of the component parts is limited. The invention herein described was made in the course of or under a contract or subcontract thereunder (or grant) with the Department of the Army.

Gas assisted laser cutting apparatus

Abstract: Apparatus for subjecting a workpiece to the action of a laser beam comprises a nozzle and optical means for directing the laser beam at the workpiece through the nozzle, together with means for directing a gas stream at the workpiece through the same nozzle.

Laminar or turbulent boundary-layer flows of perfect gases or reacting gas mixtures in chemical equilibrium

Abstract: Turbulent boundary layer flows of non-reacting gases are predicted for both interal (nozzle) and external flows Effects of favorable pressure gradients on two eddy viscosity models were studied in rocket and hypervelocity wind tunnel flows Nozzle flows of equilibrium air with stagnation temperatures up to 10,000 K were computed Predictions of equilibrium nitrogen flows through hypervelocity nozzles were compared with experimental data A slender spherically blunted cone was studied at 70,000 ft altitude and 19,000 ft/sec in the earth's atmosphere Comparisons with available experimental data showed good agreement A computer program was developed and fully documented during this investigation for use by interested individuals

Actuator means for use with aerosol dispensers

Abstract: Actuator means adapted for securement to an aerosol container including a cap, a dispensing nozzle, and a toggle-type actuator operatively associated with the cap and nozzle so that the application of manual pressure against the toggle-type actuator will operate the dispensing nozzle which is operatively connected to the valve stem of the aerosol unit to depress the valve stem inwardly and permit the contents of the aerosol container to be discharged therefrom, said nozzle having means cooperating with the cap to lock the nozzle against any reciprocal movement relative to said cap to prevent accidental movement of the valve stem and thereby prevent accidental discharge of the aerosol contents.

Gas turbine temperature profiling structure

Abstract: An axial flow gas turbine having a structure including a fuel nozzle for providing any desired turbine inlet temperature profile according to the mechanical stress on the rotating turbine blades. The fuel nozzle may be a combined multiple fuel gas and liquid type or a single fuel type, an important feature of both being the provision of fuel injection asymmetrically into the combustion chamber to establish a desired ignited fuel temperature pattern therein which continues down to the turbine inlet. This asymmetrical fuel supply into the combustion chamber is obtained by providing a number or size of fuel jets according to the temperature desired; for example, to provide a temperature gradient decreasing in an inward turbine radial direction through the combustor to correspond to the desired turbine blade inlet temperature profile. The angular jet direction also may be varied for different parts of the fuel injection pattern to obtain a further spatial control of the fuel injection distribution into the combustor. These fuel distribution control variables may be used singly or in any combination, and the same or different ones may be used for the gas and liquid jets in multiple fuel nozzles. In addition, a further modification of the intake temperature profile may be obtained by providing relatively cool jets of gaseous fluid through spaced orifices in the radially inner sides of the transition passages which direct the high temperature working gas to the turbine blades.

Plasma spray device and method

Abstract: An improved plasma spray device which deposits heat fusible material onto a substrate to form a continuous film. The plasma is effected by passing an ionizable gas between two electrodes which support an electric arc. The material to be deposited on the substrate is added to the plasma during its passage through a large nozzle. The gas is directed into a helical path by a plurality of conduits formed in a large disk. The material rides on the cylindrical surface of the revolving gas before being ejected from either a nozzle with a constant interior diameter or a gradually changing diameter.

Gas cooled dual fuel air atomized fuel nozzle

Abstract: A dual fuel, air-atomized, fuel nozzle of the type prevalent in some gas turbine combustion chambers wherein the hot atomizing air conduit is remotely positioned with respect to a central liquid fuel or oil conduit so that the nozzle will operate cooler during liquid fuel operation. A gaseous fuel conduit is interposed between the liquid fuel conduit and the atomizing air conduit to provide additional nozzle cooling during the gaseous fuel operation while preventing thermal breakdown of any liquid fuel residuum which could cause nozzle clogging.

Nozzle construction for portable carpet cleaning machine

Abstract: A nozzle construction for a carpet cleaning machine having an inner housing mounted within an outer housing, both of which are mounted on a movable base for movement across a carpet to be cleaned. The inner housing is formed with an upper fluid chamber and a lower spray chamber. The fluid chamber is connected with a source of cleaning solution which is sprayed into the spray chamber from a plurality of nozzles communictting with the fluid chamber and onto the carpet below. The outer housing has a suction chamber connected with a source of suction and includes suction passages formed on either side of the spray chamber. The inner housing has lips the lower edges of which are located spaced sl1ghtly above the level of the lower edges of the lips formed on the outer housing to provide communication between the spray chamber and suction passages. The suction passage communication with the spray chamber enables the nozzle to clean the carpet while being moved back and forth across the carpet with one of the suction passages cleaning the carpet in its dry state and the other suction passage removing the used cleaning solution from the carpet when the nozzle is moved in one direction. The reverse action occurs when the nozzle is moved in the other direction of back and forth movement.

Pneumatic assembly for removing excess developer liquid from photoconductive surfaces

Abstract: Our invention contemplates a pneumatic assembly for removing excess developer liquid from photoconductive surfaces. Electrophotographic apparatus for exposing an electrostatically charged photoconductive surface to a pattern of light and shade to produce a latent electrostatic image and then toning that image with a liquid toner is known to the art. In order that such electrophotographic apparatus may operate over extended periods of time and produce copy without soiled background, it is necessary to remove excess liquid toner from the photoconductive surface. It has been suggested that the excess toner be removed with an elongated jet of air or air knife. We have discovered that the angle of incidence of the air jet is significant and that advantageous results are obtained by positioning the air knife so that the air jet is substantially normal to the moving photoconductive surface. We have provided means for removing an accumulation of toner contained in the developer liquid from the air knife nozzle and from the photoconductive surface adjacent the nozzle.

Swirl air nozzle

Abstract: A nozzle for discharging a swirling atomized fluid includes a vortex chamber defined in the nozzle body, a gas inlet tangentially communicating with the chamber and a liquid inlet axially communicating with the chamber wherein the liquid is mixed with the swirling gas in the chamber. An impingement member is positioned in the path of fluid flowing from the chamber having a primary impact surface in the chamber upon which the swirling mixture impinges and a secondary impact surface adjacent to, but spaced from, the nozzle discharge opening upon which the swirling mixture also impinges as it is being discharged from the nozzle.

Very high velocity fluid jet nozzles and methods of making same

Abstract: A very high velocity fluid jet nozzle comprised of a heavy walled vitreous body defining a jet orifice circular in cross section and substantially greater in length than the cross sectional diameter thereof, the orifice being defined by a smooth surface blending into an entry chamber defined by the vitreous body, the nozzle being made by a process including the steps of pressurizing the bore of a heavy walled vitreous capillary tube, softening a portion of the tube so as to form a chamber therein, and severing the tube at the chamber and at points spaced from the chamber.

Flow-through chamber for photometers to measure and count particles in a dispersion medium

Abstract: A particle measuring and counting device comprises a flowthrough chamber having a conduit for the dispersion medium. The central vertical nozzle of the conduit is disposed with its opening in the sharply focussed object plane of a microscope and uniformly illuminated from below or by incident illumination. Electronic counting and recording devices are coupled to the output of the microscope for analyzing light pulses occuring in the nozzle when particles pass therethrough.

Improved single dose disposable container and accessories

Abstract: A disposable container for medicaments and the like providing a high degree of prophylaxis and accurate dosification. The container includes a generally flexible plastic body, heat-sealed at its lower end and containing a precise dose of the medicament to be dispensed. The opposite end of the body is tapered to define an elongated hollow nozzle terminating in an enlarged tab portion which may be manipulated by a consumer to sever the tab portion from the remainder of the nozzle to thereby provide an opening for dispensing the container contents. The nozzle portion includes a length extending rearward from the tip, which is of thickened wall construction, whereby said portion is relatively rigid and therefore incompressible during the tearing off of the tab. The nozzle and tab are of sufficient length that a user may grasp the rearward portion of the rigid nozzle and effectively conduct the tearing process without the fingers contaminating the resulting nozzle opening. Auxiliary elements include a cap like member for fitting over the nozzle and having an orifice filled with a swab for the application of the contained liquid to an external surface, and a separate cap like member for fitting over the nozzle and having a recess in the tip end thereof for nesting the tab portion to enable the tab portion to be twisted off without contamination by contact with the hands.

Foam generating nozzle

Abstract: A foam generating nozzle is to be used for applying treating material entrained into foam to plants. A mix of water, foam agent and treatment material is fed through a valve to the generating nozzle. The generating nozzle jets the liquid into a low pressure chamber where it draws air into it and from there, the low pressure chamber is isolated from the high pressure chamber by a throat section. Effort is made to conserve as much energy as possible so the high pressure section will have a pressure of at least one-fifth the pressure of the source of the liquid. The foam is dispersed from the high pressure section by interchangeable spray-pattern nozzles to obtain the desired pattern for dispersing the foam.

Automatic fuel dispensing nozzle

Abstract: An automatically operating fuel dispensing nozzle adapted to function within a sealed fuel system. In particular a signal system incorporated within said nozzle which functions to permit a topping-off operation for filling a fuel tank, or for automatically discontinuing a filling operation in response to an excessive pressure which might build up within the fuel tank or other parts of the closed system.

Dispensing pump construction with foldable discharge nozzle

Abstract: A dispensing pump construction to be used with small handheld containers for cosmetic and like products In conjunction with the usual cylinder and piston, the latter having a hollow, actuatable rod or plunger through which the liquid product is pumped, there is provided a unique assemblage of depress button and foldable discharge nozzle carried thereby For the raised plunger position, a space exists between the top button surface and a cap which surrounds the plunger rod and which is used to secure the cylinder to the conventional screw cap for the container mouth The discharge nozzle is foldable from a horizontal, discharge position downward to a vertical, storage position wherein it occupies said space and also simultaneously prevents inadvertent actuation of the plunger rod and piston When thus vertically folded in the storage position it occupies very little space, whereby there is had a compact assemblage Also, the tip of the nozzle is sealed off, so as to prevent loss of viscous liquids from the nozzle bore after the pump has been put into use, by the act of folding downward the discharge nozzle

Nozzle for producing fluid cutting jet

Abstract: A nozzle for producing high pressure liquid coherent jets for fluid jet cutting is described, the nozzle being constructed of a corundum crystal having an orifice formed therein of a specific disclosed geometry in which a convergent entrance section merges into a straight-sided exit section, and in which the relationship of the angle of convergency and the length and diameter of the exit section is such that an extension of the convergent side will not intersect the exit section wall, and with the length of the exit section being equal to or greater than its diameter.

Method and apparatus for spraying

Abstract: A METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR ATOMIZING AND SPRAYING LIQUIDS SUCH AS FUEL, PAINT OR WATER IN THE FORM OF MINUTE DROPLETS UTILIZING A SMALL AMOUNT OF AIR TO PROVIDE THE ATOMIZING FORCE. THE LIQUID UNDER A PRESSURE OF FROM 30-100 PSI IS CAUSED TO FLOW IN A THIN FILM. STREAMS OF GAS AT A SLIGHTLY HIGHER PRESSURE ARE INPINGED AGAINST THE LIQUID FILM SO THAT THE GAS IS SHEARED INTO MICROBUBBLES WHICH ARE ENTRAINED IN THE LIQUID TO FORM A FROTH IN WHICH THE LIQUID IS THE CONTINUOUS PHASE, AND IN WHICH THE AIR TO LIQUID MASS RATIO IS FROM 0.1 TO 1.6. THE FROTH FLOWS THROUGH A SPACE IN WHICH THE PRESSURE DECREASES AS THE FROTH MOVES TOWARD A NOZZLE. DURING THIS FLOW THE FROTH BECOMES HOMOGENEOUS. THE FROTH IS DISCHARGED THROUGH A NOZZLE WHEREUPON THE AIR BUBBLES EXPLODE RUPTURING THE LIQUID FILM AND CAUSING THE LIQUID TO DISINTEGRATE INTO FINELY ATOMIZED DROPS. THE APPARATUS FOR CARRYING OUT THIS METHOD COMPRISES A LIQUID FILM-FORMING CHANNEL CONNECTED TO A LIQUID INLET LINE SUPPLIED WITH LIQUID UNDER PRESSURE, AN AIR INJECTION CHANNEL TERMINATING ADJACENT TO THE LIQUID FLOW CHANNEL, A FLOW SPACE INTERCONNECTING THE LUQID FILM CHANNEL AND A NOZZLE ORIFICE. IN THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT THE FILM-FORMING CHANNEL IS ANNULAR WITH AIR BEING INJECTED FROM THE OUTSIDE OF THE CHANNEL. IN A MODIFICATION THE LIQUID FILM-FORMING CHANNEL IS PLANAR WITH AIR BEING INJECTED INTO THE FILM FROM ONE OR BOTH SIDES OF THE CHANNEL.

Investigation of injectant properties on jet penetration in a supersonic stream

Abstract: The effect of liquid properties on secondary injection from a single small-diameter nozzle in a supersonic stream was investigated experimentally. Normal penetration of liquid jets was inferred from scattered-light and schlieren photographs. Primary flows of Mro = 2.8 and 4.0 were produced in a 4 X 4-in. blowdown wind tunnel. Data on normal penetration of roomtemperature water were used to extend published correlations to lower injection pressure ratios. The effect of vapor pressure on penetration was investigated by injecting superheated water and acetone. Penetration height was correlated with injection pressure ratio for superheated liquid injection; these data were compared with roomtemperature results. Vapor pressure breakup outside of the spray nozzle had little effect on the penetration height. Liquid viscosity and surface tension were varied over a wide range of conditions; neither property affected the penetration height for flow in the acceleration-wave breakup regime.

Hair dryer nozzle

Abstract: This invention relates to a blower nozzle adapted to fit onto a hand dryer for drying human hair wherein the blower nozzle has a plurality of apertures along a side thereof for allowing gas to escape and has a restricted mouth. In this invention adjustable closure means are provided internally of said nozzle, which, when turned in one direction, allows free flow of heated air through the nozzle and when turned in another direction diverts a portion of the air away from the nozzle mouth and to and through apertures in the side of the nozzle. In a preferred embodiment of my invention the apertures are distorted so that air passing through the apertures is given a direction generally parallel to the axis of the nozzle instead of a direction generally normal to the axis of the nozzle.

Injection spray systems

Abstract: Injection spray systems and methods are disclosed for spraying heated and pressurized liquid through a nozzle orifice to produce very fine spray droplets. The pressurized liquid is heated to a temperature above ambient temperature whereby the vapor pressure of the liquid exceeds the pressure outside of the nozzle orifice so that discharge of the heated and pressurized liquid through the orifice produces very fine droplets.

Boundary-layer Pitot and hot-wire surveys at a free-stream Mach number of about 20

Abstract: Nozzle wall hypersonic turbulent boundary layers at free stream Mach number, using pitot, hot wire, wall pressure fluctuation and static pressure measurements