Showing papers on "Nozzle published in 1973"

Coating heat softened particles by projection in a plasma stream of Mach 1 to Mach 3 velocity

Abstract: An electric arc plasma spray gun provides optimum coating of substrates by projecting a stream of plasma at a velocity at or about Mach two, at ambient pressure, and entraining therein particles of material to be coated upon said substrate. Power, pressures and temperatures are employed together with a unique set of interchangeable supersonic nozzles to achieve particle exit velocities of from one to ten thousand feet per second, heating said particles to a temperature below their melting point but sufficient to soften the particles for enhanced coating. Unique parameters of particle size, particle injection angle and particle injection positions are identified for different materials to be entrained in the supersonic plasma stream.

Internal state distribution of alkali dimers in supersonic nozzle beams

Abstract: By spectroscopically analyzing the white light and laser‐induced fluorescence excited in a nozzle beam of Na2 molecules, we have measured the population distribution of the (v,J) levels of the ground state. The Na2 molecules are produced in nozzle beams with various stagnation pressures (50–240 torr) of alkali metal and with nozzles of different throat diameters (0.12–0.50 mm). We find at a stagnation pressure of 50 torr and a nozzle diameter of 0.5 mm a Boltzmann distribution characterized by a vibrational temperature of 153 ± 5°K and a rotational temperature of 55± 10°K. Beams under different stagnation conditions have essentially the same internal state distribution. Studies of K2 dimers produced in a nozzle beam with various stagnation pressures (20–300 torr) and a 0.25 mm nozzle throat diameter also show cooling in both vibrational and rotational modes. A search is made for atomic fluorescence arising from the photodissociation of dimers in high vibrational levels of the ground state. No evidence is ...

Pulsed droplet ejecting system

Abstract: A reservoir supplies liquid through a conduit to a nozzle. The liquid is under small or zero static pressure. Surface tension at the nozzle prevents liquid flow when the system is not actuated. A section of the conduit terminating at the nozzle is designed to be capable of conducting pressure waves in the liquid from end to end of the section without the occurence of significant reflections within the section. An electroacoustic transducer is coupled to the liquid in the reflection-free section. When an electric pulse is applied to the transducer it applies a pressure pulse to the liquid sending a pressure wave to the nozzle where it causes ejection of a droplet. The pressure pulse also sends a pressure wave in the opposite direction. The system has energy absorbing means coupled to the liquid and adapted to absorb substantially all of the energy of the latter wave, thus preventing reflections which could return to the nozzle and interfere with ejection of a subsequent droplet. Two classes of energy absorbing means are described: (a) conduit walls of viscoelastic material which deform under the influence of the pressure wave and absorb energy therefrom, and (b) several forms of acoustic resistance elements within the conduit at the inlet end of the reflection-free section.

Translating sleeve variable area nozzle and thrust reverser

Abstract: A variable area discharge nozzle and thrust reversing mechanism for a jet engine wherein an annular exhaust nozzle having a telescopic sleeve, forms the aft section of the exhaust nozzle duct and a fixed plug centerbody is mounted within the duct. For the low speed takeoff and landing mode of airplane operation, the aft section of the exhaust duct is translated rearward thereby withdrawing in combination, a telescopic sleeve section having cascade vanes and an internal cover for the cascade vanes. With the cascade vanes and cover in the aft position, the overall length of the exhaust duct is extended and through the contoured centerbody and inner duct wall, the exhaust nozzle exit area is increased. Also, in this position the cascades are exposed externally and the thrust reversing mechanism is in the armed position, To reverse the thrust the cover under the cascade vanes is slid forward to expose them and through an interconnecting linkage mechanism, a blocker door downstream of the cascade vanes, blocks the rearward flow of the exhaust fluid and causes it to exhaust through the cascade vanes. As an additional embodiment, for sound suppression, a plurality of acoustically treated struts are hinged to and retract into the centerbody for stowage, and are radially extended into the exhaust duct flow for the sound suppression mode.

Two-phase engine

Abstract: A two-phase power source comprises a rotor; a nozzle having an outlet directed to discharge a two-phase jet for impingement on the rotor to rotate same, the nozzle having means to subdivide flow therein; and means to supply a heated first fluid in liquid state to the nozzle for subdivided flow therein toward said outlet and to supply a second and vaporizable fluid in liquid state to the nozzle to receive heat from the first fluid therein causing the second fluid to vaporize in the nozzle and mix with the first fluid in essentially liquid state to produce said discharging jet.

Comparison of electron and electronic temperatures in recombining nozzle flow of ionized nitrogen--hydrogen mixture. Part 1. Theory

Abstract: Relaxation of the population distribution of electronic states is studied theoretically for a highly ionized nitrogen-hydrogen mixture expanding through a nozzle wherein the hydrogen content is less than 0.1%. The analysis incorporates quantum-mechanical rate coefficients, and considers the effects of wall cooling and absorption of radiation. Calculations are carried out for a condition produced experimentally. Visible and infrared line radiations from nitrogen and hydrogen were measured with a spectrograph. The geometry and stagnation conditions were those calculated theoretically. The experiment confirms quantitatively the predictions that the electronic excitation temperatures of hydrogen and (3P) core states of nitrogen are higher than the electron temperature, and that (3P) excitation temperatures exhibit maxima within the nozzle.

High pressure fluid intensifier and method

Abstract: A pressure intensifying apparatus to deliver a very high pressure stream of water through a nozzle. There is a single working piston having two pressure surfaces of a relatively large area, the working piston being connected to two high pressure pistons each having a pressure surface of a relatively small area. A control valve delivers a high pressure working fluid alternately to opposite sides of the working piston to cause it to reciprocate so that the pressure pistons alternately deliver water at high pressure to the nozzle. In shifting between its two end positions, the control valve passes through an intermediate position at which a restricted flow passage is provided for the working fluid, this restricted flow passage having an effective cross sectional area relative to the effective area of the discharge nozzle such that the back pressure of the restricted passage of the control valve matches the back pressure exerted on the working fluid so that a substantially constant back pressure is imposed on the high pressure source of working fluid. Further, there is a valve shifting mechanism comprising two shifting valves, each of which is responsive not only to physical contact by the working piston, but also to pressurization of its related working chamber to cause rapid shifting of the control valve.

Automatic confection decorating system

Abstract: Apparatus for decoratively applying edible pastes to confections and bakery products. The apparatus includes an elongated flexible tube which defines a pressure chamber for containing a quantity of paste to be applied. A nozzle of suitable design is secured at one end of the tube and the other end of the tube is connected to an air pressure supply source whereby pressurized air supplied to the interior of said tube directly forces the extrusion of paste out the discharge nozzle. Alternative selectively operable control valves are disclosed for regulating the discharge of paste from the nozzle.

Fluidic system for monitoring machine tool wear during a machining operation

Abstract: A machine tool movable toward and away from a workpiece carries a nozzle for discharging fluid under pressure onto the workpiece. Changes in pressure of the discharging fluid are monitored as an indication of changes in the distance between the nozzle and the workpiece. The fluid is preferably directed onto machined workpiece portions just after they have come into engagement with the tool. The changes in pressure are monitored to provide a continuous indication of cutting tool wear. As the cutting tool wears away, the gap between the nozzle and the workpiece grows smaller causing a corresponding rise in pressure of the discharging fluid.

Fuel injection apparatus

Abstract: Apparatus for the injection of fuel into the intake manifold of an internal combustion engine is described. The apparatus includes an air-assist nozzle that has a chamber formed in it that includes an orifice for the discharge of air-atomized fuel. A fuel injector has a fuel discharge port positioned within the chamber of the air-assist nozzle. The air-assist nozzle has an air inlet to the chamber, and air which enters the chamber through the inlet mixes with the fuel discharged from the fuel injector producing an air-fuel atomized mixture which is discharged from the orifice of the air-assist nozzle.

System for reducing nitrogen-oxygen compound in the exhaust of a gas turbine

Abstract: To reduce nitrogen-oxygen compounds in the exhaust of a gas turbine water is supplied to a fuel injection nozzle via the atomizing air passages disposed therein providing a coolant fluid directly to the primary combustion zone.

Water jet boat drive

Abstract: A water-jet is mounted rigidly entirely outboard of the boat and driven from an inboard engine by an interconnecting chaft through the transom. The tail nozzle is mounted concentric of and spaced from the pump chamber of the jet and extends rearwardly therefrom axially thereof. A butterfly trim vane is pivotally mounted on a transverse horizontal axis in the tail nozzle and is adapted to close the nozzle for blocking the jet and compelling a reverse flow of the water from the pump through passages between the pump chamber and tail nozzle. A steering vane is mounted on a vertical axis rearwardly of the tail nozzle and carries a rudder disposed beneath the jet steering vane for steering during reversal of the jet. The engine exhaust is introduced to the jet stream within the tail nozzle and has a by-pass operable during reverse of the jet stream.

Apparatus for sampling particulates in gases

Abstract: Improved apparatus for sampling particulate material in gases of the type comprising the combination of a slit impactor and air ejector pump. The apparatus disclosed comprises an air ejector pump, a primary nozzle in the air ejector pump, a source of compressed gas which compressed gas is supplied to the primary nozzle through a valved supply line, a collection cylinder having a plurality of slit impactors at the cylindrical surface thereof. The slit impactors are parallel to the longitudinal axis of the collection cylinder. The collection cylinder is normally stowed within a cylindrical storage casing, one end of which is in communication with the inlet of the air ejector pump. The second end of the casing has a circular opening with a diameter larger than the diameter of the collection cylinder. The apparatus has a pneumatic actuator which is operated by compressed gas fed to the actuator from the same valved supply line which supplies the ejector pump. The actuator is connected to the collection cylinder in such a manner that when the compressed gas is fed to the actuator the collection cylinder will be moved outside of the storage casing. The actuator has a spring to bias the collection cylinder to the stowed position when the actuator is not being supplied with pressurized gas. When the collection cylinder is stowed in the storage casing, sampling surfaces are isolated from outside atmosphere to prevent contamination of the sampled particulates.

Periodic Nozzle Flow with Heat Addition

Abstract: Experiments on cyclic, unsteady compressible flow with heat addition are reported. Frequencies of oscillation of pressure, density, etc. of up to 6,000 Hz are noted in the transonic region of Laval nozzles. The unstable flow is caused by heat addition due to condensation of water vapor in air. A dimensional analysis is given where the essential variables are identified without recourse to an understanding of the details of the condensation process. A stability diagram is presented and the process is explained in qualitative terms

Pressure spray type fuel injection nozzle having air discharge openings

Abstract: A fuel injection nozzle of the type which injects fuel from a nozzle opening with pressure in the form of a conical spray of fuel particles, in which air discharge openings are provided around the nozzle opening. The air discharge openings each have an angle of inclination and an angle of torsion to the axis of the nozzle opening and cause a spiral flow of air which contacts from the outside the outer periphery of the conical spray of fuel particles injected into a combustion chamber and thereby divides coarse fuel particles at the outer periphery of the conical spray into smaller particles. These air discharge openings are communicated with a flow passage of combustion air inside a combustion element.

Spray head for aerosol can

Abstract: A spray head for an aerosol can having a depressible valve stem includes a delivery tube, a cap, and nozzle means. The nozzle means comprises an extending nozzle concentric to and communicating with a short tube or protrusion. The nozzle is disposed within the delivery tube so as to space the nozzle orifice from one end of the delivery tube. The protrusion projects from the other and opposite end of the delivery tube. The cap has bore means that is adapted to seat on the valve stem and detachably receive and communicate with the protrusion whereby operation of the spray head dispenses substantially all of the aerosol mixture beyond the delivery tube end to reduce aerosol deposition on the inside surface of the delivery tube. In the preferred embodiment, the delivery tube is provided with pressure relief means to vent potentially harmful excess pressurization therein to the atmosphere.

Apparatus for injection molding of parts of synthetic material

Abstract: An apparatus for the injecting molding of bodies of synthetic resin with an outer material having a smooth surface and a core of porous material. The apparatus comprises an injection nozzle, an injection cylinder, and a inner piston cylinder receiving the core material to constitute an injection piston disposed in the injection cylinder equipped with the injection nozzle and receiving the outer material. A sliding nozzle is carried at the forward end of the porous cylinder. The rear end of the sliding nozzle is equipped with channels and is displaceable into the region of the inside of the piston cylinder containing the core material.

Fuel nozzle vapor return adaptor

Abstract: A fuel nozzle vapor return adaptor for use with a conventional fuel nozzle of the type including a spout receivable in the neck of a fuel tank and having an anchoring device thereon for anchoring such nozzle in the neck to adapt such nozzle for returning vapor from such fuel tank to a vapor collection area. The adaptor includes a boot telescoped over the spout and secured on its rear extremity to the nozzle. The boot is formed with an outlet which is connected with one end of a vapor return conduit leading to a fuel storage tank. Mounted on the free end of the boot is a releasable seal which is abuttable against the inlet to the fuel tank neck for sealing therewith. A vapor return valve is provided for permitting flow of vapor from the boot and through the vapor return conduit to the vapor collection area and for selectively preventing vapor escape from the collection area and through the conduit. Consequently, the boot may be mounted on a conventional fuel nozzle with the conduit being connected to a vapor storage area, and when a fuel tank is to be filled the sealing means may be abutted against the fuel tank neck opening and any vapor expelled from the fuel tank and out the neck during filling of the fuel tank will be directed through the vapor return conduit to the storage tank to thereby prevent escape to the atmosphere and consequent pollution. In another embodiment a blower includes in the vapor return conduit creates a slight negative pressure in the vehicle fuel tank to prevent any vapor loss out of the fuel tank vent or from leakage at the fuel nozzle connection to the fuel tank inlet. A pressure control valve in a recycle conduit connecting the blower discharge and suction conduits maintains a preselected pressure in the inlet conduit to the blower. On the output side of the blower, a float operated valve is provided in the vapor return conduit, at or near its connection to each fuel storage tank for selectively permitting the passage of vapors while preventing the passage of liquid.

Liquid dispensing device

Abstract: Disclosed is a device useful for antiseptically cleansing a surface, for example an area of a patient prior to an operation. The device includes a sponge mounted on a nozzle which extends from a hollow handle which contains an antiseptic solution. The antiseptic solution within the handle is dispensed into the sponge when a rupturable joint in the nozzle is broken.

Experimental determination of three-dimensional liquid rocket nozzle admittances.

Abstract: The three-dimensional nozzle admittance, an important parameter in combustion instability studies, was experimentally measured for several nozzle configurations. The admittance values were obtained using a modification of the classical impedance tube technique. The modified impedance tube method measures the admittance of a duct termination in the presence of one-dimensional mean flow and three-dimensional oscillations. Values of the nozzle admittance were obtained from pressure amplitude measurements taken at discrete points along the length of the tube. To determine the effects of nozzle geometry, nozzles were tested with half-angles of 15, 30, and 45 deg and entrance Mach numbers of 0.08, 0.16, and 0.20. The admittance results are presented as functions of nondimensional frequency for mixed first tangential-longitudinal modes. These results are compared with available theoretical predictions, and good agreement between theory and experiment is shown.

Ultrasonic atomizer for waste sulfuric acid and use thereof in acid cracking furnaces

Abstract: Ultrasonic atomizer nozzle assembly for atomizing waste sulfuric acid in a cracking furnace in which the acid feed stream is mechanically broken up by a stationary or rotating type atomizer into a coarse spray and an annullarly arranged ultrasonic generator further atomizes the coarse spray into microscopic particles. The ultrasonic generating gas is deflected into the ultrasonic resonance chamber and the coarse spray is either centrally or annularly positioned relative to the ultrasonic field. An annular gas buffer may be provided around the atomizer. The nozzle assembly is mounted in the ceiling of a furnace having a gas flow constricting member spaced from the ceiling 1-4 times the diameter of the furnace.

Plasma-spray burner and process for operating the same

Abstract: A plasma-spray burner and process for operating the same includes a longitudinally reciprocable cathode disposed upstream of a nozzle which serves as an anode, a power source being electrically connected therebetween. The cathode is movable between at least two positions one of the positions serving to seal the inlet to the nozzle whereby the flow of operational gas through the nozzle is terminated. Means are also provided for synchronously controlling the movement of the cathode in conjunction with the supply of power to the cathode and anode in a pulsed fashion whereby power will be supplied when the cathode is moved to a position which permits the flow of gas to occur through the nozzle, an arc thereby existing between the cathode and anode, and wherein such power will be terminated when the cathode is moved to the position which seals the nozzle inlet.

The physical and mathematical modelling of the flow field in the mold region in continuous casting systems: Part II. The mathematical representation of the turbulent flow field

Abstract: A mathematical representation is developed for the turbulent flow field, temperature field, and tracer distribution in the upper region of the liquid pool in continuous casting. The problem is formulated through the statement of the two-dimensional turbulent flow equa-tions, which were then solved numerically, using the adaptation of a technique described by Spalding and coworkers. The computed results for the velocity fields were found to be in good qualitative agreement with the results of water model studies for both straight and radial flow nozzles. Furthermore, the predictions based on the model for the temperature and tracer profiles within the pool seem to be consistent with expectations.

Device for retention of ink jet nozzle clogging and ink spraying

Abstract: A device for use in an ink jet printing system which comprises a vapor chamber and means for moving said chamber to enclose the jet nozzles during shut-down period to prevent ink from drying at the nozzle. A sharp edge wall is provided to keep the charging electrodes and deflection plates free from ink spraying at pressure shut-off and means are provided for mounting the charging electrodes for movement out of the jet path prior to shutdown of the printer to prevent ink spraying thereon at pressure shut-off.

Apparatus for extruding multi-flavor ice cream products of varied shapes

Abstract: An extrusion nozzle for manufacturing in a continuous flow process a variety of external shapes of frozen confections of the like. A portion of the periphery of the extrusion nozzle orifice is formed of a flexible deformable wall material, the shape of this wall being controlled by the state of actuation of a series of air cylinders which indent it when actuated. Individual internal features or an array of internal features may be moved to different lateral positions during manufacture.

Hose nozzle with seal sensing system

Abstract: A hose nozzle particularly suitable for use in self-service gasoline pumps has a pressure seal mounted on the flange of the spout. The seal mates with a matching surface on the filling neck of the tank to be filled. A source of vacuum is connected to a chamber in the seal. When this chamber is blocked by reason of the nozzle being properly seated in the filler cap, a pressure sensitive relay device is actuated to allow gasoline to flow through the nozzle. A source of vacuum pressure is connected to a sensor tube which operates the pressure sensitive relay device when the tank is full. This same tube exhausts gasoline vapors into a remote nonhazardous area.

Process for the manufacture of fibers from fusible materials

Abstract: A process and apparatus for the manufacture of fibers from fusible materials and particularly materials of low viscosity. The melt and gaseous flow medium is passed through a Laval-nozzle at a supersonic speed. The nozzle and speed are so selected as to cause an abrupt temperature drop in the flow medium within the nozzle which causes the melt to solidify into fibers.

Nozzles for the injection of liquid fuel into gaseous media

Abstract: Injection of liquid fuel into a combustion-air passage through an ultrasonically vibrated nozzle formed in a body is prevented during the intervals between pulses of vibration by a ball valve element co-operating with a seat at the inlet of the nozzle passage, this ball valve element being lifted off its seat during the vibration pulses by dynamic action resulting from the impulses it receives from the seat. In order to achieve a greater amount of opening, a solenoid may be provided which, when energized, acts on the valve element to lift it off its seat in opposition to the fuel pressure in the supply line and to the action of a return spring.

Drill bit center jet

Abstract: A drill bit construction including a center jet for preventing the accumulation of masses of earth formation between and above the cutters, the jet being provided by a nozzle which breaks up or diffuses the stream of pressurized drilling mud issuing therefrom to avoid abrasive concentration of the jet on portions of the teeth of the cutters. In addition, a jet nozzle construction and mounting arrangement permitting installation and replacement of nozzles downwardly through the drilling mud passage in the body of the bit, there being means provided for reducing turbulence where it is not desired, while at the same time providing controlled diffusion or breaking up of the stream and also means for protecting the bit body adjacent the nozzle against undue abrasive action.

Vehicle-mounted spray apparatus

Abstract: A street flusher in which the water pump is driven by a hydraulic motor which, in turn, is operated by pressure fluid supplied by a variable displacement hydraulic pump driven by the transmission of the truck. In order to maintain a substantially constant water pressure at all times, means are provided for automatically adjusting the delivery of the hydraulic pump in response to changes in truck speed and in response to a change in the number of spray nozzles in operation.