Showing papers on "Nozzle published in 1977"

Heat and Mass Transfer between Impinging Gas Jets and Solid Surfaces

Abstract: Publisher Summary Heating or cooling of large surface area products is often carried out in devices consisting of arrays of round or slot nozzles, through which air impinges vertically upon the product surface. This chapter presents a comprehensive survey emphasizing the engineering applications and empirical equations, presented for the prediction of heat and mass transfer coefficients within a large and technologically important range of variables. The local variations of the transfer coefficients are based on the experimental data for single round nozzles (SRN), arrays of round nozzles (ARN), single slot nozzles (SSN), and arrays of slot nozzles (ASN). The variation of local transfer coefficients is graphically represented. It also explores how to apply these equations in heat exchanger and dryer design as well as in optimization. The flow field of impinging flow is diagrammatically represented. External variables influencing heat and mass transfer in impinging flow depends on mass flow rate, kind and state of the gas and on the shape, size, and position of the nozzles relative to each other and to the solid surface. The design of high-performance arrays of nozzles is also discussed.

On the Growth of Steam Droplets Formed in a Laval Nozzle Using both Static Pressure and Light Scattering Measurements

Abstract: : A series of experiments on steam condensation have been made in a Laval nozzle over a variety of starting conditions such that the onset of condensation occurs in the range -40 to 40 C. The homogeneous nucleation and growth of the new phase is documented with both static pressure and laser light scattering. Since even at onset the majority of the condensed phase is due to droplet growth the nucleation and growth are coupled and the availability of two measured quantities is helpful in comparing a particular combination of nucleation rate and growth law. For detailed calculations on one of the experiments there is excellent agreement with both measurements throughout the condensation zone and a theoretical calculation using the classical nucleation rate expression due to Volmer and a droplet growth law due to Gyarmathy.

Continuous casting method for metallic strips

Abstract: Continuous metal strips are formed by forcing molten metal onto the surface of a moving chill body under pressure through a slotted nozzle located in close proximity to the surface of the chill body Critical selection of nozzle dimensions, velocity of movement of the chill body surface, and gap between nozzle and chill body surface permits production of continuous polycrystalline metal strip at high speeds, and of amorphous metal strips having high isotropic strengths, heretofore unobtainable dimensions, and other isotropic physical properties such as magnetizability

Hybrid combustor with staged injection of pre-mixed fuel

Abstract: A combustor for a gas turbine engine which includes a fuel nozzle at the head end of the combustor, to provide a diffusion flame, and downstream inlet means at a plurality of axial dimensions of the combustor to inject pre-mixed lean fuel/air into the combustor for admission downstream from the diffusion flame resulting in a series of low temperature premixed flames to provide relatively high turbine inlet temperatures from the combustor with a minimum of thermally formed NOx compounds.

Submarine turbine power plant

Abstract: A power plant for the generation of electricity from the flow of water currents uses turbine wheels within nozzles submerged in the water current, anchored to the bottom of the water course, as for example, the ocean, and self-buoyed to a level well below the water surface Pairs of counter-rotating turbines are supported by their rims, which bear against friction drive wheels, which in turn drive electrical generators contained in water-tight machine rooms within the wall of the nozzle A structural design is disclosed, providing for the building of modules of the nozzle ashore, which modules may then be barged to the deep-water site for assembly into the whole power plant

Steam bath device for shower

Abstract: Apparatus for use in a shower stall to simulate a steam bath. In one embodiment the apparatus comprises a diverter valve adapted to be connected between a conventional shower head in the stall and the pipe carrying hot water thereto. A flexible conduit is connected to the diverter valve and includes nozzle means disposed at the free end thereof. The nozzle means includes an orifice producing an aerosol mist of a multitude of fine droplets of hot water in a well defined flat pattern. The nozzle means is mounted with respect to the walls to cause the spray pattern to impinge the wall at an angle and produce a cloud of fine hot water droplets simulating live steam. The nozzle is constructed to produce a large volume of water droplets from a small volume of hot water. In another embodiment the nozzle is permanently mounted within the stall via a pipe extending through the wall of the stall and in fluid communication with a hot water pipe of the building in which the stall shower is located.

The Fluid Mechanics of Pulsed Laser Propulsion

Abstract: A fluid mechanical model is developed to assess the performance of a rocket that is propelled by the absorption of radiant energy from a remotely stationed, repetitively pulsed laser. The model describes the flow within a conical nozzle that is subjected to point energy depositions at the apex of the cone. A similarity solution is obtained and the specific impulse and energy efficiencies that may be achieved with such a device are determined. Fluid mechanical constraints limit the range of pulse repetition rates that may be utilized. Preliminary design considerations indicate that a specific impulse of 800 sec or greater may be achieved with both a laboratory and a full-scale device. A two pound laboratory rocket can be accelerated at 10 #'s with a 15 joule laser pulsed 25,000 times per sec. A one ton rocket will require a megajoule laser operating at 350 pulses per sec to achieve an equivalent acceleration. A,a D* dm

Central injection fuel carburetor

Abstract: A low pressure fuel tube delivers fuel to a fuel injector disposed in the central position of the carburetor dome where it is conducted along a plurality of radially extending passages to the periphery of the injector. A high pressure air supply is provided directly to the peripheral fuel flow, in a substantially radial direction, by a disc surrounding the nozzle and having a plurality of radially extending passageways formed therein. A portion of the fuel is blasted directly onto a surrounding venturi surface where it is swirled in a given direction and then exits the downstream end of the venturi where it interacts with a counterrotating pattern of air from the secondary swirler flow to be atomized into a mist. Another portion of the air-blasted fuel from the venturi flows in the axial direction to also enter the combustor as a finely atomized fuel/air mixture.

Pulsating water jet massage shower head construction

Abstract: A pulsating water jet massage shower head comprises a shower head housing which has an interior chamber which opens outwardly. A nozzle member comprising a flat plate nozzle portion in a cylindrical fitted portion is fitted into the chamber of the housing and it is provided with a plurality of nozzle bores which extend through hollow cylindrical pin portions which extend upwardly from the interior surface of the plate portion. A cover member is arranged in the housing chamber spaced inwardly from the nozzle member and it has a segmental closing disk portion which acts to deflect water which is delivered through connecting conduits in the housing so as to cause rotation of a valve rotor positioned between the cover member and the nozzle member. The deflection and the rotation of the valve rotor produce rotating water jets through the nozzle bores. The valve rotor is mounted so that it floats between the cover member and the nozzle member and a pressure chamber is defined between the bottom of the nozzle plate and the valve member.

Curved nozzle welding gun

Abstract: A welding gun has a separable nozzle embodying longitudinally curved inner and outer concentric sleeves, and fore and aft-mounted bodies to which the opposed ends of the concentric sleeves are brazed to define an annular gas manifold between the sleeves into which gas feeds through the aft-mounted body. The aft-mounted body detachably seats within a tubular handle and it contains a bore through which the consumable wire electrode feeds to the central bore of the inner sleeve. The fore-mounted body provides for connection of an adapter by which a current pickup tube is fixed to the curved nozzle in line with its inner sleeve to receive the wire electrode. Said fore-mounted body is ported at spaced intervals for discharge of gas from the manifold through the adapter and about the current pickup tube when assembled thereto. In an alternate structure, inlet and outlet tubes ported through the aft-mounted body follow closely along the outer sleeve to provide passage for cooling fluid to and from an annular chilling chamber fixed about the forward end of the nozzle. The outer sleeve, and in the alternate structure also the cooling chamber and its inlet and outlet tubes, are enclosed along the length of the nozzle by a snugly fitting insulative sheath.

Exhaust nozzle flap seal arrangement

Abstract: A variable area exhaust nozzle is provided with seals between adjacent flaps to minimize flow loss therebetween when the flaps are modulated between minimum and maximum nozzle area positions. The overlapping seals is linked to the adjacent flaps by means of a bellcrank which operates to maintain the seal in a centered position between the flaps. A circumferential track is provided on the flaps to stabilize the seal in the axial direction.

Machine for cleaning a fabric workpiece

Abstract: A machine for cleaning a fabric workpiece, e.g., a so-called spotting machine, operates with a suction nozzle having a screen on which the workpiece is supported. The machine is portable, its casing containing a combination air blower and vacuum pump for generating the suction, and a water tank and pump assembly that provides water under controlled pressure and volume to an applicator tool whereby such water is applied to the workpiece. The size of the screen is restricted to enhance the suction effect, and the pressure of water to the tool is restricted to prevent the splashing of water and dislodged stain particles by controlling the impact velocity. These factors also ensure rapid withdrawal of the water by the suction nozzle and inhibit spreading of the water in the workpiece beyond the area to which it is applied. This process is aided by the shape of the tool which has a flat face for engaging the workpiece and forming a shield around the orifice from which the water flows. The pressure side of the air blower feeds a downwardly directed blowing nozzle situated just above the screen to enhance the drying effect, this air being heated by the blower motor. Solvents other than water can also be used.

Method and apparatus for cleaning carpets and surfaces using cleaning fluid

Abstract: A method and apparatus for cleaning surfaces using a high velocity stream or streams of cleaning fluid. The high velocity stream or streams issue from one or more nozzles that are moving at a high velocity relative to the surface to be cleaned and are directed at the surface at an inclined angle thereto. In one embodiment, the source of cleaning fluid is under a high pressure of about 200 to 700 pounds per square inch and the nozzles are moving in a direction so that the velocity imparted to the issuing stream by each moving nozzle adds to the already high velocity of the stream due to the high pressure alone of the source of cleaning fluid. In another embodiment, two nozzles are rotated at a high velocity about an axis perpendicular to the surface to be cleaned with each nozzle being directed at a different area of the surface and having a different flow rate, angle of inclination to the surface, spray pattern, and/or spraying arc. The nozzles can be spaced at different distances from the axis of rotation in this embodiment and the closed paths sprayed by the nozzles as they move about an axis can be distinct or overlap. In a preferred embodiment, the nozzle spraying the area farther from the axis of rotation sprays the smaller area and has the greater flow rate. The spray patterns of the nozzles can be solid streams, fans, cones or any desired pattern. In another embodiment, at least three nozzles are directed at the surface to be cleaned and rotated at high velocities about the axis of rotation. In all of the embodiments. the flow rate, spray pattern, angle of inclination to the surface, spraying area, and spraying arc for each nozzle can be individually set and the various nozzle arrangements can be easily removed and substituted one for another in the apparatus. The various nozzle arrangements are new and novel and can be used with improved results in conventional cleaners that operate with the source of cleaning fluid under relatively low pressure. The moving nozzles enable the invention to spray a given area quickly and with a minimum of cleaning fluid. The apparatus can be operated with or without a driving motor for the rotating nozzles. The invention further includes a vacuum pick up system and wall nozzles that enable the invention to clean near walls or at the edge of the carpet.

Multiple nozzle single stage impactor

Abstract: A single stage impactor having a plurality of different sized nozzles that predicate a particle collection efficiency curve that approximates a predetermined curve. The impactor has a particle collection plate mounted on a casing having a passage connected to an air moving device. A nozzle plate having a plurality of different sized nozzles is mounted on the collection plate. The nozzles can be round, rectangular, or a combination of round and rectangular. The sizes of the different nozzles are coordinated with the pressure drop across the nozzle plate to provide the nozzles with different particle collection cut-off characteristics. The combined collection efficiency curve or penetration curve of all of the different sized nozzles approximates a predetermined curve, as a respirable particle penetration curve.

Droplet generator for an ink jet printer

Abstract: An ink jet printer having a piezoelectric capillary injector-type droplet generator. The droplet generator includes an integral body having formed within it a single chamber that receives and holds ink under capillary action. A nozzle defined by one or more continuous apertures is formed in the body in communication with the chamber. A piezoelectric crystal actuates a flexural diaphragm that forms one wall of the chamber. The flexing of the diaphragm creates pressure perturbations that force the flow of ink through the nozzle for droplet generation. Also provided are means for damping oscillations of the piezoelectric crystal to prevent unwanted secondary generation of droplets.

Method and apparatus for capping a nozzle of ink jet recording device

Abstract: A method and apparatus for capping the nozzle of a print head of an ink jet recording device for ejecting ink droplets upon a recording medium which comprises capping means which covers the nozzle of the print head of the ink jet recording device for preventing dust from adhering to the nozzle and for eliminating bubbles from getting into the nozzle to prevent the recording ink in the print head from evaporating in combination with purging means composed essentially of suction tube for purging the nozzle of the print head, and which method comprises installing the capping means at a position outside the area of printing of the recording device, and moving the print head to this position when no recording is performed to cap the nozzle face of the print head.

Liquid injection molding I. An investigation of impingement mixing

Abstract: The fluid mechanics of impingement mixing was investigated experimentally, and the design procedure, including scale-up, for the MIT Liquid Injection Molding System was established. For impingement mixing to be effective, the Reynolds number based on the nozzle diameter must be greater than about 50 and the momentum ratio of the fluid components must he equal to 1 in addition to satisfying the desired mass flow rate ratio.

Injectors and their use in gassing liquids

Abstract: In an injector for the dispersion of a gas into a liquid and comprising a gas inlet, a liquid inlet, and a mixing chamber communicating with said inlets and having an inlet and an outlet, the improvement wherein the inlet of said mixing chamber is substantially round in cross-section and the outlet is substantially slit-shaped, whereby the kinetic energy of propulsion can be utilized with high efficiency to produce very fine gas bubbles. Advantageously the cross-sectional area at the outlet of the mixing chamber is about 5 to 25 times the cross-sectional area of the liquid nozzle throat, the liquid nozzle has a throat diameter d diverging to its discharge at an angle of about 5° to 10°, the mixing chamber beginning at a distance from about 1 to 3 d from the end of the inlet, the inlet of the mixing chamber being circular of a diameter of about 3 d, the mixing chamber having a length of about 5 d to 20 d, and the height of the slit being about 1 d. The injector is especially suited for use in treating liquid effluents and in fermentation processes.

Nozzle for injection molding machines

Abstract: A self-contained molding machine nozzle which is mountable in the mold die and has optimum material flow and heat control characteristics while reducing repair costs. The nozzle comprises an elongated body having a central passage, and a replaceable exit cap mounted at the forward end of the body, this exit cap carrying a torpedo which guides the material to the exit orifice. An external heater surrounds the body and extends over the cap which is provided with flats to facilitate removal and limit heat transfer. An air gap is provided between the cap and surrounding mold die to prevent undesired chilling of the tip by the cooled die.

Wet abrasion blasting

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for wet abrasion blast cleaning of a work surface by applying a stream of carrier liquid and particulate abrasive material to the work surface. The method comprising applying the stream from a jet nozzle mixing means to said work surface as the first surface contacted by said stream downstream of said jet nozzle mixing means.

Atomizer with air inlet valve

Abstract: Atomizer for liquids is mounted on a compressible container for the liquid so as to define an atomizing chamber in the neck of the container, which has an outlet nozzle and is connected through a depending tube to the lower part of the container and through a short duct to its upper part. The container is also connected to the open air through inlets controlled by non-return valves preventing the escape of fluid therethrough. When the container is compressed liquid flows into the atomization chamber through the tube, and air flows into it through the duct, so that a spray is dispensed through the nozzle. When the container is permitted to expand air is sucked in through the air inlets, which are larger in section than the nozzle. In one embodiment filters are provided to filter air drawn in through the air inlets.

High pressure coaxial flow nozzles

Abstract: A high pressure spray nozzle is provided having a central fluid stream that can be converted to a fan shaped fluid stream by rotation of a housing cap. Rotation of a second portion of the housing produces a cone shaped fluid stream which is coaxial with the central fluid stream.

Coal fired furance

Abstract: A tangentially fired pulverized coal furnace in which the means for introducing fuel and air from the corners operate as independent firing systems at low ratings and contribute to the fireball at higher ratings. The coal flow through a nozzle is deflected radially outwardly at low ratings and allowed to continue essentially straight at high ratings. A surrounding secondary air flow is concentrated at the coal stream and may be varied from a swirling action at low ratings to a parallel flow action at high ratings.

Experiments on the transmission of sound through jets

Abstract: E on the superposition of a turbulent jet flow (0

Cleaning apparatus for textiles

Abstract: A cleaning apparatus for carpets, carpet bases, upholstery and the like has a blower for producing compressed air and suction air, a compressed air main pipe, a foam producing device connected to the main pipe and a nozzle for depositing the foam on the surface to be cleaned, a suction nozzle for drawing up the foam and dirt, a separator including a filter unit and a dirt chamber, a closable opening in the compressed air main pipe and an additional cleaning device having a supply hose and a connection piece for insertion into the closable opening.