Showing papers on "Nozzle published in 1980"

Ink nozzle air intake avoidance system - has vibratory pressure generator shutting bore in membrane in rest position

Abstract: The equipment avoids the intake of air through an ink spray nozzle during the suction phase, the spray head being divided by a membrane into two variable-volume chambers. These are supplied with ink via a feed system from a reservoir and connected to the nozzle, while one contains a pressure generator acting on the membrane. A bore (10) passes through the membrane (6), a sealing ring (11) being fitted round it, and the generator (7) has a portion (12) which can be vibrated, bearings against the ring. In the rest position of the generator, and during deflection in order to eject a droplet, the bore remains shut.

Blasting machine utilizing sublimable particles

Abstract: A blasting machine utilizing sublimable particles comprising forming means (14) for producing particles having a substantially uniform length thereto, dispensing means (32) for receiving the particles and for introducing the particles into a low pressure transport gas flow, and a nozzle (44) for accelerating the particles and having a high pressure, low velocity gas flow coupled to it, the nozzle (44) being adapted to convert the high pressure, low velocity gas flow into a low pressure, high velocity gas flow. A conduit (142) coupled to the nozzle (44) and the dispensing means (32) receives the particles and introduces the particles into the low pressure, high velocity gas flow within the nozzle (44) which entrains the particles and accelerates them to a high exit velocity.

Apparatus and process for melt-blowing a fiberforming thermoplastic polymer and product produced thereby

Abstract: There is disclosed a novel apparatus and process for melt-blowing from fiberforming thermoplastic molten polymers to form fine fibers by extruding through orifices in nozzles the molten polymer at low melt viscosity at high temperatures where the molten fibers are accelerated to near sonic velocity by gas being blown in parallel flow through small orifices surrounding each nozzle. The extruded molten polymer is passed to the nozzles through a first heating zone at low incremental increases in temperature and thence rapidly through said nozzles at high incremental increases in temperature to reach the low melt viscosity necessary for high fiber acceleration at short residence time to minimize or prevent excessive polymer degradation.

Development of a supersonic O(3PJ), O(1D2) atomic oxygen nozzle beam source

Abstract: A high pressure, radio frequency discharge nozzle beam source has been developed for the production of very intense (⩾1018 atoms sr−1 s−1) supersonic beams of oxygen atoms. An efficient impedance matching scheme has been devised for coupling the radio frequency power to oxygen–rare gas mixtures as a function of gas pressure, temperature, and composition. Techniques for localizing the discharge directly behind the orifice of a specially designed quartz nozzle have also been developed. The above combine to yield a beam source which reliably produces a high degree of molecular dissociation in oxygen–rare gas mixtures at pressures up to 350 Torr. Atomic oxygen mean translational energies from 0.14–0.50 eV have been achieved using the seeded beams technique with Mach numbers up to 10 being realized. When helium is used as the carrier gas both O(3PJ) and O(1D2) atoms are present in the beam, while only ground state atoms appear to be present in argon seeded mixtures. This paper describes the design, constructi...

Megasonic jet cleaner apparatus

Abstract: An apparatus for cleaning a surface of an article such as a semiconductor wafer with cleaning fluid includes a nozzle extending from a chamber for developing a jet of cleaning fluid. The fluid is pressurized and megasonic energy is applied to the fluid by a megasonic transducer. The nozzle is shaped to provide a ribbon-like jet of cleaning fluid vibrating at megasonic frequencies for impingement on the surface of the article.

Electrostatic spraying of liquids

Abstract: Liquid is sprayed from a nozzle by subjecting it to a vortex air flow which breaks it into particles of about five to twenty microns, and, while the liquid particles are entrained in the liquid flow they pass by a needle shaped charging electrode extending into the flow transversely of the vortex flow axis. This imposes a high electrostatic charge on the particles to improve their spray characteristics.

Plasma arc torch and nozzle assembly

Abstract: In combination, a plasma arc torch having an electrode structure adapted to be connected to a power supply for establishing a transferred plasma arc between the electrode structure and a workpiece and a nozzle assembly for constricting the plasma arc wherein the nozzle assembly comprises a first and second arc constricting passageway separated by a water chamber with the length of each passageway and the length of the water chamber being defined by a predetermined relationship to optimize the cutting speed and to minimize sensitivity to torch stand off.

Injection molding nozzle

Abstract: An injection molding nozzle for disposition in a mold. The nozzle is for injecting melt into a cavity of the mold, and includes a body having a through bore extending therethrough for receiving the melt. Attached to the body of the nozzle is a nozzle piece secured to the body that defines an outlet communicating between the body through bore and the cavity gate. A nozzle member surrounds the body at a position upstream of the nozzle piece and has an inner surface contacting the body, and an outer surface contacting the mold. The outer surface forms a seal against melt flow upstream from the nozzle member.

The effect of throat contouring on two-dimensional converging-diverging nozzles at static conditions

Abstract: An experiment was conducted at static conditions to determine the internal performance effects of nozzle throat contouring, the result of increasing the circular-arc throat radius. Five nonaxisymmetric converging-diverging nozzles were tested at nozzle pressure ratios up to 9.0. Data are presented as internal thrust ratios, discharge coefficients, and static-pressure distributions. Comparisons of internal performance data for the five nozzles show that throat contouring increases the value of discharge coefficient but has no significant effect on internal thrust ratio except in cases of internal flow separation. To illustrate the use of the two dimensional converging-diverging (2-D C-D) nozzle data base, a two dimensional inviscid theory was applied to the five configurations. The generally good agreement of data with theoretical results indicates that two-dimensional inviscid theory can be successfully applied to the prediction of 2-D C-D nozzle internal flow.

Fluidic assembly for an ultra-high-speed chromosome flow sorter

Abstract: A fluidic assembly for an ultra-high-speed chromosome flow sorter using a fluid drive system, a nozzle with an orifice having a small ratio of length to diameter, and mechanism for vibrating the nozzle along its axis at high frequencies. The orifice is provided with a sharp edge at its inlet, and a conical section at its outlet for a transition from a short cylindrical aperture of small length to diameter ratio to free space. Sample and sheath fluids in separate low pressure reservoirs are transferred into separate high pressure buffer reservoirs through a valve arrangement which first permit the fluids to be loaded into the buffer reservoirs under low pressure. Once loaded, the buffer reservoirs are subjected to high pressure and valves are operated to permit the buffer reservoirs to be emptied through the nozzle under high pressure. A sensor and decision logic is positioned at the exit of the nozzle, and a charging pulse is applied to the jet when a particle reaches a position further downstream where the droplets are formed. In order to adjust the timing of charge pulses, the distance between the sensing station at the outlet of the nozzle and the droplet breakoff point is determined by stroboscopic illumination of the droplet breakoff region using a laser and a revolving lucite cylinder, and a beam on/off modulator. The breakoff point in the region thus illuminated may then be viewed, using a television monitor.

Method and apparatus for producing hollow microspheres

Abstract: Hollow glass microspheres (17) made from a low heat conductivity glass composition containing a high vacuum and a thin metal coating (20) deposited on the inner wall surface of the microspheres. The hollow glass microspheres (17) are used to make superior insulation materials in the construction of highly efficient solar energy collectors (29), (43). The hollow glass microspheres (17) are made by forming a liquid film of molten glass across a coaxial blowing nozzle (5), applying a metal vapor blowing gas (10) at a positive pressure on the inner surface of the glass film to blow the film and form an elongated cylinder shaped liquid film (12) of molten glass. A transverse jet (13) is used to direct an inert entraining fluid (14) over and around the blowing nozzle (5) at an angle to the axis of the blowing nozzle. The entraining fluid (14) as it passes over and around the blowing nozzle (5) fluid dynamically induces a pulsating or fluctuating pressure field at the opposite side of the blowing nozzle to form a spherical shape (17).

Computer evaluation of sprinkler irrigation uniformity

Abstract: A method for evaluating the water application rate (WAR) and uniformity coefficient (Cu) of overlapping irrigation sprinklers is given for realistic field conditions which includes wind drift of the sprinkler spray. The method requires as input — the geometry of the sprinkler arrangement, trajectories of water drops from the sprinkler nozzle as calculated by the equations of motion and the WAR distribution (discharge) profile of a single sprinkler experimentally observed under windless conditions. Wind direction with respect to the main sprinkler line is shown to have a small effect on Cu and is assumed to be parallel to the main line. Results show that the effect of wind drift of sprinkler spray on Cu can be neglected for wind velocities less than 1 ms−1 (Fig. 8). Analysis of simulated discharge profiles (Table 1) shows that the maximum value of the uniformity coefficient was obtained with triangular sprinkler discharge profiles at low values of spacing, changing to trapezoidal profiles as the spacing increases (Figs. 8 and 9). The effect of nozzle pressure on WAR was evaluated for the pressure range between 294 and 490 kPa and an optimum layout of overlapping sprinklers, designed to minimize the effect of wind drift and nozzle pressure on the uniformity of WAR distribution, is presented.

Fuel nozzle guide heat shield for a gas turbine engine

Abstract: Fuel Nozzle Guide Heatshield For A Gas Turbine Engine Abstract This invention relates to the construction of the heatshield of a fuel nozzle guide of a turbine power plant and provides the separation of the higher temperature operating structure from the cooler structure to assure that the expansion and contraction is permitted without undue restrain for increasing its durability.

Equipment and method for delivering an abrasive-laden gas stream

Abstract: Equipment for abrasive stream cleaning delivers a stream of a gas and particles and a flow of liquid. A nozzle structure provides for entrainment of the liquid by a jet of particle-laden gas.

One- and Two-Phase Nozzle Flows

Abstract: A time-dependent technique, in conjunction with the boundary-fitted coordinates system, is applied to solve a gas-only one-phase flow and a fully-coupled, gas-particle two-phase flow inside nozzles with small throat radii of curvature, steep wall gradients, and submerged configurations. The emphasis of the study has been placed on one- and two-phase flow in the transonic region. Various particle sizes and particle mass fractions have been investigated in the two-phase flow. The salient features associated with the two-phase nozzle flow compared with those of the one-phase flow are illustrated through the calculations of the JPL nozzle, the Titan III solid rocket motor, and the submerged nozzle configuration found in the Inertial Upper Stage (IUS) solid rocket motor.

Ink jet printing apparatus with reverse solvent flushing means

Abstract: An ink clog is automatically sensed in an ink ejection nozzle (14). The clog is cleared by moving a cap (28) into covering engagement with the nozzle orifice, causing solvent to flow through the nozzle (14) from the cap (28) to dissolve the clogged ink and subsequently causing air to flow through the cap (28) and nozzle (14) to purge solvent therefrom.

Mixing for reaction injection molding. I. Impingement mixing of liquids

Abstract: The performance of confined impinging jet mixers, commonly used in reaction injection molding, was investigated. A theory is presented which assumes that large scale mixing is always adequate, provided the mixer operates in turbulent flow, and argues that the scale of segregation of the final mixture should depend on the size of the smallest eddies of the turbulent motion. The theory predicts that a length scale describing the quality of the mixture will decrease like the nozzle Reynolds number to the −3/4 power. Flow visualization experiments were used to find the point of transition to turbulent mixing flow. This transition occurs at a nozzle Reynolds number of 140 for directly opposed nozzles and at higher Reynolds numbers for nozzles angled downstream. Other geometric factors have little influence on the transition point. Quantitative mixing experiments using model fluids support the theory. Momentum ratio is shown to have no effect on mixing quality.

Jet diffusion from a circular nozzle above a solid plane

Abstract: The decay of a jet discharging from a circular nozzle parallel to and displaced from a solid surface is investigated under conditions where the transitional process from circular-jet flow to oblate wall-jet flow begins in the initial, transition or self-preserving regions of the original jet. The influence of displacement of the nozzle from the plane on the developed three-dimensional wall jet downstream is demonstrated and it is found that the transitional interaction with the plane is more extended when the plane interacts first in the initial zone of the circular jet. Measurements of turbulence and Reynolds stress show the transverse mixing parallel to the plane to exceed that perpendicular to the plane, and are generally consistent with the spreading rates in these two directions, the ratio of which approaches 8·5 at large distances from the nozzle. It is shown that the interaction between the plane and jet involves a relatively large-scale coherent motion in which components of velocity directed towards or away from the surface are associated with outflow or inflow along the surface. This motion is more extended in the direction parallel to the surface and provides a mechanism for the increases in mixing rate in the direction parallel to the plane.

Apparatus for mounting electronic components

Abstract: An electronic component mounting apparatus for sucking up an electronic component and placing it onto a board with a suction nozzle, includes a step of switching over air pressure switching timings for the suction nozzle when the component is sucked with the suction nozzle and when the sucked component is mounted on the board. The air pressure switching timings are switched according to a velocity of up and down movement of the suction nozzle and independently for each of when the component is sucked with the suction nozzle and when the sucked component is mounted on the board. An electronic component mounting apparatus includes a suction nozzle for sucking an electronic component and placing it onto a board, a device for moving up and down the suction nozzle for suction and mounting of the electronic component, an air pressure switching unit for switching air pressure to the suction nozzle at an electronic component suction position and an electronic component mounting position, and a switching drive unit for performing switching control of the air pressure switching unit independently for each of when the component is sucked with the suction nozzle and when the sucked component is mounted on the board.

Method for compressing gaseous materials in a contained volume

Abstract: A method for compressing gases in a contained volume consisting of hollow glass microspheres is described. The gases are compressed under high pressure and can be easily handled and stored. The gases to be compressed and contained in the microspheres are used as blowing gases to blow the microspheres. The hollow glass microspheres are made by forming a liquid film of molten glass across a coaxial blowing nozzle, applying the blowing gas at a positive pressure on the inner surface of the glass film to blow the film and form an elongated cylinder shaped liquid film of molten glass. A transverse jet is used to direct an entraining fluid over and around the blowing nozzle at an angle to the axis of the blowing nozzle. The entraining fluid as it passes over and around the blowing nozzle fluid dynamically induces a pulsating or fluctuating pressure field at the opposite or lee side of the blowing nozzle in the wake or shadow of the coaxial blowing nozzle. The continued movement of the entraining fluid over the elongated cylinder produces asymmetric fluid drag forces on the cylinder and closes and detaches the elongated cylinder from the coaxial blowing nozzle and the detached cylinder by the action of surface tension forms into a spherical shape. Quench nozzles are disposed below and on either side of the blowing nozzle and direct cooling fluid at and into contact with the molten glass microspheres to rapidly cool and solidify the molten glass to form a hard, smooth hollow glass microsphere. Where a metal coating is desired within the microsphere, a metal vapor is added to the blowing gas. When the microsphere is cooled, the metal vapor cools, condenses and deposits on the inner wall surface of the microsphere as a metal coating.

Combined steam and vacuum cleaner

Abstract: A portable machine for steam cleaning carpets, rugs, automotive engines and soiled areas including an electrolytic generator for substantially instant production of steam, a positive displacement pump for delivering a water-chemical solution from a tank to the electrolytic generator and from the electrolytic generator a discharge of steam via a flexible hose and nozzle onto a soiled area including automotive engines. When adapted primarily for rug and carpet cleaning the machine includes an air pump and solenoid for delivering detergent from a tank to the nozzle and a vacuum motor with nozzle for picking up excess moisture and dirt particles released by the steam solution.

Nozzle and method for generating foam

Abstract: A nozzle and method for generating foam is disclosed which includes a nozzle body, a nozzle inlet, an orifice, a gas inlet, an impingement pin and a nozzle outlet. The nozzle body has upstream and downstream ends and an inner wall defining a passage within the nozzle body. The nozzle inlet at the upstream end of the nozzle body permits introduction of a liquid foam producing agent into the passage. The foam producing agent then passes through the orifice, thereby forming a stream. This stream is directed past the gas inlets in the nozzle body to aspirate gas into the passage. The stream then impinges against the impingement pin which is disposed transversely across the passage. At least the upstream half of the cross-section of the impingement pin is annular so that the impingement pin disrupts the flow of the stream and splits it into secondary streams. These secondary streams pass outwardly on each side of the impingement pin and diverge with respect to each other prior to being deflected inwardly off the inner wall of the nozzle body. The nozzle outlet comprises a transverse slot disposed parallel to the impingement pin so that a thorough mixing between the gas and foam producing agent is effected prior to discharge through the nozzle outlet as foam.

A simple pulsed valve for use in supersonic nozzle experiments

Abstract: Gas pulses having a typical duration of 500–600 μs are produced by a nozzle which uses a fuel injector valve as its primary component.

Hot tip seal

Abstract: This invention relates to a hot tip seal located between the nozzle and the gate in an injection molding system. The seal has a generally cylindrical hollow outer portion which is seated in the nozzle and extends to abut on the cavity plate around the gate. Three ribs extend radially from the outer portion to an elongated central pin portion and define apertures therebetween. Pressurized melt flows from a central passage in the nozzle, through the apertures around the central pin portion, and into the cavity. The nozzle seal prevents direct contact between the heated nozzle and the cooled cavity plate to reduce heat loss, while at the same time improves heat transfer to the gate area by conducting heat downstream to a tip of the central pin portion which extends into the gate. In one embodiment, the central pin portion is enlarged and formed of a more conductive material to improve this process.

Measurements of heat transfer to a flat plate in a dissociated high-enthalpy laminar air flow

Abstract: Heat-transfer rates from a non-equilibrium hypersonic air flow to flat plates at zero and 12° incidence have been measured in a free piston shock tunnel at stagnation enthalpy levels up to 51 MJ kg. Nozzle flow conditions resulted in test section velocities up to 8·1 km 8 and in an experimental regime in which the free stream was chemically frozen and the flat-plate boundary layer was laminar. Estimates of the gas-phase and surface-reaction Damkohler numbers have been made and the heat-transfer results are discussed in this context. At the highest test-section densities non-equilibrium endothermic gas phase reactions involving oxygen atoms in the boundary layer are suggested as a possible mechanism for the observed low heattransfer rates.

Variable capacity air cycle refrigeration system

Abstract: An air cycle refrigeration system having an enhanced flow capacity range includes an expansive turbine fed through a primary inlet nozzle by discharge air from the system's compressor and through a secondary inlet nozzle by system supply air. Flows through the turbine inlet nozzles are controlled such that maximum flow through the primary inlet nozzle is achieved before flow through the secondary nozzle is instituted.