Showing papers on "Nozzle published in 1985"

Electromagnetic unit fuel injector

Abstract: An electromagnetic unit fuel injector for use in a diesel engine includes a housing with a pump therein defined by an externally actuated plunger reciprocable in a bushing and defining therewith a pump chamber open at one end for the discharge of fuel to a spring biased, pressure actuated fuel injection nozzle. The pump chamber is also connected to a first chamber via a solenoid actuated, normally open, hollow, ported valve controlled passage to permit the ingress and egress of fuel. The first chamber adjacent to one end of the valve is in flow communication with a second chamber at the opposite end of the valve and these chambers are connected to a drain passage and supply passage, respectively. During a pump stroke, the solenoid can be energized to move the valve in position to block flow from the pump chamber to the first chamber so as to allow the pressurization of fuel by the pump to effect discharge of fuel from the injection nozzle.

Improvements in or relating to rotary drill bits

Abstract: A rotary drill bit, for drilling holes in subsurface formations, comprises a bit body (10), cutting structures (14) mounted on the bit body, and a fluid supply system for supplying drilling fluid to the surface of the bit body, to cool and clean the cutting structures. The fluid supply system comprises a number of nozzles (17) mounted in the bit body, a main passage (20) in the bit body and a number of auxiliary passages (21) leading from the main passage to the nozzles. Some or all of the passages (20, 21) are at least partly lined with an erosion-resistant lining material (23). The lining material may comprise a hard facing applied to the internal surface of a preformed passage or a rigid tube which itself defines the internal surface of the passage.

Ink jet printer having an eccentric head guide shaft for cleaning and sealing nozzle surface

Abstract: An ink jet printer is disclosed wherein an ink writing head is reprocably movably mounted on an eccentric guide shaft to scan a print line during print mode and moved to a cleaning position outside the print line during non-print mode. A nozzle cleaning device movably supports a liquid-absorbing cleaning tape along a path parallel to and adjacent to the nozzle surface. A drive system turns the guide shaft about the eccentric axis thereof and moves the cleaning tape during the non-print mode so that the nozzle surface moves in a substantially circular path to permit a section of the tape to provide a wiping action over the nozzle surface. A nozzle sealing device is arranged to make contact with the nozzle surface when the latter is moving in the circular path and held in pressure tight contact with the nozzle surface after the drive system is de-energized.

Method for generating fine sprays of molten metal for spray coating and powder making

Abstract: A method for generating fine sprays of molten metal for spray coating and wder making is disclosed. Liquid metal is fed via a melt tube to a nozzle that is shaped like the frustrum of a cone. The nozzle is surrounded with gas jets in a coaxial pattern around the melt tube orifice. High pressure gas causes the formation of a low pressure region immediately next to the melt tube orifice that draws metal out of the orifice at a higher rate than would otherwise be the case. The coaxial gas stream atomizes the metal into droplets and thereafter forms a narrow, supersonic spray containing very fine metal droplets suitable for powder making or application of a coating.

Fuel injection valve

Abstract: A fuel injection valve which serves to inject fuel in an internal combustion engine. The fuel injection valve includes a nozzle holder in which a nozzle body having an injection port is disposed. The injection port is opened by a closing body movable counter to the force of a closing spring in order to eject fuel. A gas guidance sheath encompasses the nozzle holder with a cylindrical portion and the nozzle body with a bottom portion and has at least one axially extending gas guidance conduit communicating with an air source. The gas guidance conduit leads to a gas ring conduit in the bottom portion. The nozzle step protrudes through the bottom portion and with the passageway opening thereof forms a throttling gas ring gap immediately above the injection port, so that fuel emerging from the injection port can immediately be enveloped by gas, such as air or exhaust gas, and thereby prepared.

1985 SAE Congress on the intact core of full-cone sprays

Abstract: A voltage was applied between the nozzle unit and fine needles, rods, and screens inserted at various axial and radial positions into atomizing full-cone water sprays and the corresponding electrical resistance was measured in an attempt to determine the shape and length of the intact liquid core. The parameters of the experiment were: room temperature; air compressed at 0.1, 1.0, and 2.9 MPa; injection ..delta..p = 13.7 MPa; and five straight-hole nozzles with diameters of 127, 178, 305, 343, and 508 ..mu..m, and the same length-to-diameter ratio of 4. The results show that current is carried not only by intact liquid cores but also by atomized unconnected sprays and even across such sprays. Thus the shape of the intact core could be reduced only in the vicinity of the nozzle exit. In the atomization regime, the length of the intact core is found to be proportional to the nozzle diameter and to increase as the square root of the liquid-to-gas density ratio, i.e. x/sub 1/ = Cd(rho/sub pounds/rho/sub g/)/sup 1/2/ where c = 7. 9 figs.

Kinetic Energy, Evaporation and Wind Drift of Droplets from Low Pressure Irrigation Nozzles

Abstract: A simulation model was developed to estimate kinetic energy, evaporation and wind drift of droplets from low pressure irrigation sprinklers. The model was partially verified using data from literature. Droplet size, height, size, flow rate and deflection plate angle of the nozzle and air temperature, wind direction and velocity and air humidity were changed to determine the influence on evaporation and travel of the droplet. To approximate representation of the complete nozzle, droplet sizes were weighted according to percentage volume data. Two nozzles, one representing low pressure and the other high pressure were simulated. Evaporation decreases rapidly when droplet diameter is decreased from 0.3 mm to 1 mm. The influence of air temperature is more evident at small droplet size. Evaporation estimates for different wind velocities and nozzle elevations indicate high dependence on these parameters. The kinetic energy of droplets at lower elevations with deflection plate angles either horizontal or upward (10 degrees) was relatively low. Small droplet wind drift at higher wind speeds and nozzle elevations was large.

A Comprehensive Theoretical Model for Carbon-Carbon Composite Nozzle Recession

Abstract: A comprehensive aerothermochemical model for the process of C/C nozzle recession has been developed. The analysis accounts for both diffusion and chemical kinetics effects on the recession process. The gas-phase conservation equations are Favre-averaged to account for variable density effects. The turbulence modeling consists of a two-equation (K-ϕ) turbulence closure model for the final averaged gas-phase conservation equations. The solid-phase equations consist of the transient heat-conduction equation For the C/C nozzle with a recessing surface. The governing set of equations is solved numerically. Predicted results compared well with Geisler's experiment data. The recession process was found to be limited by the diffusion of oxidizing species such as H2O and CO2 to the nozzle surface. Chemical kinetics limited the recession rate only in the initial period when the nozzle surface temperatures were low. The recession rate was found to increase with increasing concentration of oxidizing species ...

Ink jet printer and method for fabricating a nozzle member

Abstract: In an ink jet printer, a print head comprises a front nozzle member having a front channel, a housing secured to the front nozzle member, and a rear nozzle member which defines with the housing a liquid chamber and further defines with the front nozzle member a laminar airflow chamber. The rear nozzle member has a forwardly projecting nozzle and a rear channel extending from the liquid chamber through the projecting nozzle in axial alignment with the front channel to form a meniscus at the front end. The airflow chamber is connected to an air supply for directing air to a point between the front and rear channels so that it creates a sharp pressure gradient along a path therebetween. A dead air region is created in a location adjacent the exit end of the rear channel to cause the meniscus to take a dome-like shape which is stabilized against vibrations and transients. An electric field gradient is established between the front channel and the meniscus to cause the latter to extend toward the front channel and expelled through the front channel. A portion of the front nozzle member is rendered liquid-repellant to prevent the field distribution from being seriously disturbed by an ink layer formed on it by stray liquid particles.

On the Intact Core of Full-Cone Sprays

Abstract: A voltage was applied between the nozzle unit and fine needles, rods, and screens inserted at various axial and radial positions into atomizing full-cone water sprays and the corresponding electrical resistance was measured in an attempt to determine the shape and length of the intact liquid core. The parameters of the experiment were: room temperature; air compressed at 0.1, 1.0, and 2.9 MPa; injection ..delta..p = 13.7 MPa; and five straight-hole nozzles with diameters of 127, 178, 305, 343, and 508 ..mu..m, and the same length-to-diameter ratio of 4. The results show that current is carried not only by intact liquid cores but also by atomized unconnected sprays and even across such sprays. Thus the shape of the intact core could be deduced only in the vicinity of the nozzle exit. In the atomization regime, the length of the intact core is found to be proportional to the nozzle diameter and to increase as the square root of the liquid-to-gas density ratio, i.e. x/sub 1/=Rhod(p/sub lpg/)/sup 12/ where Rhoapprox. =7.

Pulsed electrothermal thruster

Abstract: A plasma electrothermal thruster includes a capillary passage in which a plasma discharge is formed and directed out of an open end of the passage into a supersonic nozzle. Liquid supplied to the capillary passage becomes partially atomized to cool a confining surface of the passage. The plasma discharge is formed as the atomized liquid flows out of the open end into a supersonic equilibrium nozzle. The discharge can have a duration greater than the two way travel time of acoustic energy in the capillary to cause the plasma to flow continuously through the nozzle during the time of the discharge pulse.

Method and apparatus for dispensing cold beverage

Abstract: A cold beverage dispensing apparatus is powerable by compressed gas and has a thermally insulated cabinet having a cooling chamber containing a source of compressed gas and a water reservoir and a normally non-pressurized syrup pump fluidly connectible to a non-pressurized syrup tank in the chamber, a dispensing nozzle and a manual actuator are on the outside of the cabinet, a pneumatic power valve is operable to connect the gas source to the pump and expel syrup to the nozzle, a pneumatic water valve servo is connected to all of the power valves and the opening of any power valve will effect operation of the servo and opening of the water valve, the pump is inside of the syrup tank and used propellant gas is vented inside the cabinet, a gas bottle and the syrup tanks are racked on the inside of a cabinet door and the power valves are pneumatically connected in series between the gas source and the water reservoir. A method of dispensing cold beverage includes the steps of cooling water and syrup to just above freezing, pressurizing the water, transferring non-pressurized syrup under gravity into a non-pressurized syrup pump and concurrently dispensing water and syrup by opening a water valve and applying the compressed gas pressure upon beverage in the pump, and terminating dispensing by venting used gas into a common cooling chamber.

Pipe cutting apparatus

Abstract: Apparatus for cutting a pipe disposed in a pipe string extending from the surface of the earth down a borehole. The apparatus comprises a body having an elongate axis and being adapted to be lowered at a first end down the pipe string to the pipe to be cut, to support a quantity of solid combustible material for providing a pipe cutting flame and to direct the pipe cutting flame along the elongate axis toward a second end of said body. A nozzle is connected to the second end of the body for directing the pipe cutting flame from the elongate axis of the body radially against the pipe to be cut.

Cleaning method and apparatus

Abstract: A particle-blast cleaning apparatus using sublimable carbon dioxide pellets and a high pressure carrier gas. The apparatus includes a body which houses a rotary pellet transport. The transport conveys pellets from a gravity feed storage hopper to a high pressure carrier gas stream for application of the pellets to a discharge nozzle. Leakage of high pressure gas into the rotary transport is inhibited by the application of a force of gas seals which force is derived from carrier gas pressure. The apparatus enables the use of relatively high pressure carrier gas, the complexity and cost of the apparatus and method.

Cavity cooling system

Abstract: A cavity member (26) is disclosed for use in an injection molding machine. The cavity member (26) has one portion which includes a molding surface (46) for forming the molded article (48) and a second portion (56) for reducing heat transmission to the first portion. The second portion (56) forms a cap on the nozzle end of the cavity member (26) and includes an aperture aligned with the gate (54) of the cavity member so as to permit plastic (24) from the nozzle (12) of an injection molding machine to enter into the mold (47). The cap (56) includes channels (62-68) which can cooperate with pockets (76, 78) in the nozzle end of the second portion (56) for liquid cooling. The nozzle (12) is spaced from the cap (56) by a short distance (15, 115) to provide a thermal break which break can be filled with plastic (24) from the injection molding unit to provide further insulation.

Method and apparatus for forming a high velocity liquid abrasive jet

Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing a coherent stream of high velocity abrasive laden liquid. The method includes allowing the particles to assume the direction and velocity of a high velocity jet of liquid. This method also allows concentration of particles in the center of the flow of liquid to reduce nozzle wear and increase cutting efficiency. The apparatus includes a nozzle having a converging section attached to a straight section that is sufficiently large that the abrasive particles approach the velocity of the fluid jet before exit of the nozzle.

Fuel tank nozzle having a dual purpose valve

Abstract: A fuel tank comprising a fuel inlet pipe and a cap detachably attached to the fuel inlet of the fuel inlet pipe. A valve port interconnecting the interior of the fuel tank to a canister is formed in the fuel inlet pipe. A control valve controlling the opening operation of the valve port is arranged in the fuel inlet pipe. The control valve is normally closed. When a fuel pump nozzle is inserted into the fuel inlet, the control valve automatically opens, and the fuel vapor in the fuel tank is fed into the canister via the valve port.

Drop Size Distributions for Irrigation Spray Nozzles

Abstract: DROP size distributions for irrigation spray nozzles, such as may be used in low or reduced pressure sprinkler systems, were measured with a calibrated stain technique. Similar data from other sources, measured with photographic or pellet techniques, were also obtained. The distributions were fitted with the upper limit log normal (ULLN) distribution function. ULLN parameters for each distribution are tabulated. Distribution characteristics such as the volume median drop size may be calculated directly from the ULLN parameters. A simple regression model for predicting ULLN parameters as functions of nozzle style, size and pressure is proposed and fitted to data for flooding and smooth flat plate spray nozzles. The fit of model to data was evaluated by comparing measured and predicted values for 50th (median) and 99th (volume) percentile drop sizes, and by directly comparing measured and predicted distribution functions. The distance between functions was defined analogous to the Euclidean distance between points in space, leading to definition of a pseudo r2 for the (functional) regression model. The fit between data and model for the two nozzle types was quite good. The models were used to explore the influence of nozzle size and pressure on drop size distributions for the two types of nozzles.

Bio-mass suspension burner

Abstract: A bio-mass suspension burner for use with furnaces or boilers includes a delivery system for injecting particulate solid fuel into a combustor. A primary air stream mixes with and conducts the fuel into the combustor. Secondary air is introduced at the point of ignition, while tertiary air is introduced tangentially to maintain a cyclonic vortex. The burning, gasified fuel exits the combustor through a nozzle where quartiary air is introduced to burn the gas. Proper flame stability, gasification and ash fusion control is achieved by regulation of the various air streams.

Gas seal vanes of variable nozzle turbine

Abstract: A turbocharger having a variable nozzle vane assembly to be used in association with an engine. A nozzle ring having a plurality of rotatable vanes mounted thereto defining an annular passageway within the turbine housing through which exhaust gas passes upstream of a turbine. Included is a means for rotating the plurality of vanes and a means for preventing binding of the components during thermal cycling.

Parts mounting apparatus

Abstract: A parts mounting apparatus has a plurality of suction nozzles for picking up and holding the parts, the nozzles intermittently moving along a closed path to stop positions arranged at predetermined set intervals along the path, including a parts pickup position at which parts are picked up by the suction nozzles and a parts mounting position at which parts are mounted on an article on which parts are to be mounted. A position adjusting device is provided between the parts pickup positions and the parts mounting position for adjusting the position of a part held on a suction nozzle to orient the part relative to the longitudinal axis of the suction nozzle in two directions at right angles to each other and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the nozzle. A parts posture detecting device is provided at a stop position downstream of the position adjusting device and which has a line sensor for detecting whether the posture of the parts relative to the suction nozzle axis is proper by sensing whether or not a part extends beyond a maximum position past the end of the corresponding nozzle. The suction of the suction nozzle is controlled for retaining or releasing the parts in accordance with whether the posture detecting device had detected that the part held by a nozzle is proper or not.

Viscous material dispensing machine having programmed positioning

Abstract: A machine for dispensing a viscous material in a predetermined pattern onto a surface. A nozzle in the form of a chemical dispensing tip (hollow needle) is positioned in three spatial coordinates by servomechanisms controlled by a pre-programmed digital process controller. The controller also controls the emission of the viscous material through the nozzle according to a predetermined pattern of deposition. The apparatus includes vacuum/pressure pumping for degassing the viscous material in a holding tank and subsequently pressurizing it for delivery through the nozzle. A poppet type valve and actuating solenoid deterine the viscous material flow and an output chamber in communication with the nozzle includes a diaphragm and spring arrangement to provide a draw-back action when the poppet is closed to prevent dripping from the nozzle.

Polymorphism in vapor deposited amorphous solid water

Abstract: The physical properties of vapor deposited amorphous solid water, (H2O]as, are known to depend strongly on the details of preparation. Various parameters were found to have an influence, for example the rate of deposition, the substrate temperature and so on (1,2). We observed a further parameter to be important for the preparation of (H2O)as which has not been discussed yet: supersonic flow of the water vapor and condensation of the vapor to clusters already in the gas phase (3). The usual procedure for preparing (H2O)as is to admit water vapor through a capillary info a high vacuum system and condense the vapor on a cryoplate. The exit of the capillary can act as a nozzle and from water vapor pressure and nozzle diameter it can be calculated that for the usual deposition conditions supersonic flow and possibly formation of clusters in the gas phase will occur. In contrast, a baffle between nozzle exit axnd cryoplate has the effect to break up supersonic flow and give water vapor consisting only of monomers. The amorphous deposits prepared either way look very different: supersonic flow gives a white deposit with a very rugged surface, whereas baffled flow gives transparent deposits with a smooth surface.

Intermittent type swirl injection nozzle

Abstract: An intermittent type swirl injection nozzle providing substantially improved spray characteristics while being easy to manufacture and install. The nozzle includes a nozzle body and a needle valve slidably disposed in a guide hole of the nozzle body with a spray hole communicating a body seat formed inside the nozzle body and the forward end of the needle valve. A swirl passage is provided around the needle valve for giving a swirl flow influence around the axis of the needle valve to fuel when the needle valve is lifted from the body seat. A straight passage is provided in a portion where the inner wall of the guide hole and the needle valve make sliding contact for giving the fuel a straight flow influence in the axial direction of the needle valve. The two flows are joined prior to passing through the spray hole.

Ink jet spraying head

Abstract: PURPOSE:To make the miniaturization of an ink pressurization liquid chamber possible and to make the integration, miniaturization and further manufacture thereof easy, by changing the volume of ink pressurization liquid chamber by the amplitude motion of an elastic material on the ink pressurization liquid chamber. CONSTITUTION:This ink jet spraying head is composed of a nozzle 11, an ink pressurization liquid chamber 12, a head substrate 13, elastic materials 14 such as metal, glass, plastic, rubber, etc., a permanent magnet 15, a driving coil 16, an ink feed pipe 17, a coil lead wire 18, etc. Said elastic material 14 forms at least a part of ink pressurization liquid chamber 12 and changes the volume of ink pressurization liquid chamber by receiving the displacement from said driving coil 16 and permanent magnet 15. Then, when the driving coil 16 receives an AC signal from a driving circuit, the magnetic poles N, S of magnetic field generated in the magnetic coil 16 by its frequency are reciprocally changed and the elastic material 14 moves vertically. Thereby, the volume of ink pressurization liquid chamber 12 is changed and ink is discharged from the nozzle 11.

Apparatus for the rapid in-line mixing of two fluids

Abstract: An apparatus for the rapid in-line mixing of an additive fluid with a primary fluid includes a conduit for passing therethrough in a direction of flow a primary fluid. A nozzle is positioned within the conduit and has an outlet. A pipe supplies an additive fluid to the nozzle, such that the additive fluid is injected through the outlet of the nozzle into the primary fluid. The nozzle has extending outwardly therefrom a member to cause the additive fluid to diffuse rapidly outwardly from the outlet in a generally radially oriented fluid current and thereby for mixing with the primary fluid within a zone occupying a limited length of the conduit, measured in the direction of flow from the outlet of the nozzle.