Showing papers on "Nozzle published in 1996"

Gas injection slit nozzle for a plasma process reactor

Abstract: The invention is embodied in a gas injection apparatus for injecting gases into a plasma reactor vacuum chamber having a chamber housing, a pedestal holding a workpiece to be processed, means for applying RF energy into the chamber, the gas injection apparatus having a gas supply containing an etchant species in a gas, an opening in the chamber housing, a gas feed line from the supply to the opening in the chamber housing, and gas distribution apparatus near the opening in the chamber housing, the gas feed apparatus having at least one slit nozzle facing the interior of the chamber. In a preferred embodiment, the gas distribution apparatus includes a disk member surrounded by at least one annular member with a gap therebetween comprising the slit nozzle, the disk member and annular member blocking gas flow through the opening in the chamber housing. Preferably, each of the members of the gas distribution apparatus comprises a material at least nearly impervious to attack from the etchant species. In one example, each of the members of the gas distribution apparatus comprises one of ceramic, quartz, sapphire, polyimide or anodized aluminum and the gas feed line comprises stainless steel. Preferably, each of the members has its surface polished prior to assembly of the gas distribution apparatus.

Subterranean formation fracturing methods

Abstract: Methods of fracturing subterranean formations are provided. The methods basically comprise positioning a hydrajetting tool having at least one fluid jet forming nozzle in the well bore adjacent the formation to be fractured and jetting fluid through the nozzle against the formation at a pressure sufficient to form a fracture in the formation.

Coating or ablation applicator with a debris recovery attachment

Abstract: An environmentally compliant triboelectric applicator and process for coating or ablating a substrate and for retrieving excess or ejected material from the substrate. The applicator comprises an inner supersonic nozzle for accelerating triboelectrically charged projectile particles entrained in a supersonic gas to speeds sufficiently high to coat or ablate a substrate. The applicator further comprises an outer evacuator nozzle coaxially surrounding the inner supersonic nozzle for retrieving excess projectile particles, ablated substrate powders, or other environmentally hazardous materials. A fluid dynamic coupling uses the efficacy of the Mach turning angle associated with a supersonic boundary layer of carrier gas to aspirate the central core of the supersonic two-phase jet. This fluid coupling and spacing between the outlet of the supersonic nozzle and the substrate also permits the substrate to triboelectrically charge to levels which induce electrostatic discharges at the substrate simultaneous to the impacts. The aspiration feature reduces the outlet pressure in the central core of the nozzle below ambient pressure which allows the projectiles to travel unimpeded to the substrate, and reduces the inlet pressure required to achieve parallel and shock-free flow with the inner supersonic nozzle. The powders are injected into the carrier gas using powder feeders modified for high pressure and the ablated debris with excess projectile particles are collected in a particle precipitator and filter unit using a suction blower. A special nozzle applicator embodiment and process for coating or ablating the internal surface of a cylinder bore is also disclosed. This nozzle applicator comprises an axisymmetric cylindrical nozzle for conveying, accelerating, and triboelectrically charging projectile particles entrained in a carrier gas to speeds sufficiently high to coat or ablate the internal surface of the cylinder bore substrate when impacted by a triboelectrically charged jet comprising a central core.

Fluid delivery control nozzle

Abstract: A fluid delivery nozzle for wireless communication to either an active or a passive device located on a vehicle and for wireless communication from the fluid delivery nozzle to a central location for storage of vehicle data. Upon initiation of a fluid delivery transaction, a communication link is established between a vehicle communication device and the central location and between a fluid container of the vehicle and the fluid delivery nozzle. The information received from the vehicle and container is relayed to the central location to authorize delivery of a fluid to the vehicle. Information is also transferred from the central location back and forth to the fluid delivery nozzle to update and store information regarding the fluid delivery transaction. A keyboard and display are provided on the fluid delivery nozzle to provide an operator interface during the fluid delivery transaction. Using the keyboard, the operator may directly control the delivery of fluid to the container or may respond to information displayed on the nozzle during the fluid delivery transaction.

Method and apparatus for solid prototyping

Abstract: An improved extrusion-based manufacturing system includes one or more extruders, with each extruder containing at least two stages of increasing pressurization. In one of preferred embodiments, a first stage of pressurization is created by the motion of a solid wafer (314) of thermoplastic through an orifice (316) into a heater chamber (318), and a second stage of pressurization is provided by a conical viscosity pump (330), with extrusion material from the first stage pressurization maintaining a flow of thermoplastic fluid (320) through a communication channel (322) and fits into a rotary impeller (332) which a variable speed motor (336) rotates in a female collet (334) to drive the fluid extrusion material towards and out of a removable nozzle (338) and orifice (340) and all expected pump rates.

Method of producing nanoscale powders by quenching of vapors

Abstract: A thermal reactor system that produces nanoscale powders by ultra-rapid thermal quench processing of high-temperature vapors through a boundary-layer converging-diverging nozzle. A gas suspension of precursor material is continuously fed to a thermal reaction chamber and vaporized under conditions that minimize superheating and favor nucleation of the resulting vapor. According to one aspect of the invention, the high temperature vapor is quenched using the principle of Joule-Thompson adiabatic expansion. Immediately after the initial nucleation stages, the vapor stream is passed through the nozzle and rapidly quenched through expansion at rates of at least 1,000° C. per second, preferably greater than 1,000,000° C. per second, to block the continued growth of the nucleated particles and produce a nanosize powder suspension of narrow particle-size distribution. According to another aspect of the invention, a gaseous boundary-layer stream is injected to form a blanket over the internal surface of the nozzle to prevent vapor condensation in the throat of the nozzle and its potential failure.

Drop Size Distributions for Irrigation Sprinklers

Abstract: A set of drop size distribution data is presented covering a wide range of sprinkler types including single nozzle impact sprinklers with straight bore and square nozzles, and sprayheads with various types of deflector plates. Drop sizes were measured by the laser-optical method and comparisons with other types of drop size measurement techniques are presented. Distributions are parameterized with an exponential function, and a method is provided to estimate the parameters given the sprinkler type, nozzle size, and pressure head.

Low-cost conversion of a coaxial nozzle arrangement into a stationary low-temperature attachment

Abstract: A stationary nozzle accessory designed for the Siemens/Nicolet LTII low-temperature device with standard ϕ-coaxial nozzle arrangement is described. The attachment is easy to assemble and its compatibility allows interchanging between both systems in less than 1 h, if required. Implementation of the stationary nozzle reduces the consumption of liquid nitrogen by more than 40% and extends the temperature range available for data collection by 60 K in the lower temperature range. Details of construction are presented, and a comparison with the ϕ-coaxial nozzle is discussed.

Floating vane turbine nozzle

Abstract: A turbine nozzle includes outer and inner bands having respective mounting holes therein. A plurality of vanes extends through respective pairs of outer and inner holes in the bands. The vane outer and inner ends are resiliently supported to the bands to allow differential thermal movement therebetween so that the individual vanes float relative to the outer and inner bands to prevent thermal stress failure thereof.

Fluid injection nozzle

Abstract: A fuel injector has a chamber between a valve body and a plate in which a plurality of through holes are formed. The chamber has a diameter larger than that of an opening of the valve body. The through holes are opened at an outer chamber area shaded by the valve body are distanced from an outer wall of the chamber more than a diameter of the through hole. Fuel flowing along an inner inclined surface of the valve body turns to the through holes and flows into the through hole from all directions and collides with each other at inlets of the through hole. Therefore, injected fuel has a lot of turbulences and is finely atomized.

Heather structure and fabrication process for monolithic print heads

Abstract: A structure and manufacturing process for electrothermal heaters for integrated printing heads where the axes of the ink nozzles are substantially normal to the plane of the heaters, and pass substantially through the centers of the heaters. The completed heater forms a loop, with the center of the loop being formed by the nozzle etching process. A disk of heater material is formed on the substrate. The radius of the disk is equal to the radius of hole to be etched for the nozzle, plus the required heater width. The nozzle hole is subsequently etched from the center of the heater disk. The remaining heater material is in the form of an annulus, with the internal radius being equal to the nozzle hole radius. The structure is subsequently coated with a layer of passivation material.

Cleaning fluid apparatus and method for continuous printing ink-jet nozzle

Abstract: A fluid (liquid or water) wash (46) is used to clean the front surface of an ink jet printer cartridge (17). In addition, a nozzle plate (24) that overlies the nozzle shields the nozzle array (23) from the splatter of ink (32). In ink jet printers, ink droplets are propelled from an array of orifices in a nozzle plate in the printer head. During the ink droplet ejection, ink is sprayed or deposited around the orifices. The ink droplets are deposited on a paper web (14) adjacent the nozzle and mist from the droplets drifts back to coat the face of the nozzle plate. Some ink seeps behind the nozzle plate (24) onto the array of nozzle orifices (23). The ink coating attracts particles that tend to clog the nozzle orifices. The ink coating is washed away by fluid streams (46) that flow over the nozzle surface and in some embodiments flow over the nozzle orifices themselves. The fluid (46) may be water, ink or other liquid that is channelled across the nozzle surface, or the fluid may be an air stream that blows across the nozzle surface.

Independent flow rate and droplet size control system and method for sprayer

Abstract: A flow rate and droplet size control system for a spray system (3) including a spray liquid source (8), a pump (19), a spray liquid line (18) and a nozzle assembly (12). The control system includes a setpoint conversion subroutine (66) for independently controlling the flow rate and volume median droplet size setpoints. The control system also includes performance envelopes for various nozzle tips (14). An independent flow rate and droplet size control method is provided for use with the control system. A position-responsive control system (202) receives information pertaining to the boundaries of spray zones and spray conditions, such as application rates and volume median droplet diameters associated with the spray zones. The position-responsive control system (202) monitors the position of the spray vehicle (6), which can comprise a ground vehicle or an aircraft. The position-based control system changes the spray system operating conditions in response to the sprayer vehicle position. A position-based method of controlling the spray system utilizes the position-based control system.

Trans-mucosal particle delivery

Abstract: A needleless syringe comprising an elongate tubular nozzle (7) having a bend (11) part way along its length, a source (8, 21) of particles (P) of a therapeutic agent, and energising means (3) for producing in the nozzle (7) a supersonic condition to cause the particles (P) to be propelled from the nozzle (7) for trans-mucosal delivery of local or systemically-active therapeutic compounds.

Spraydrop kinetic energy from irrigation sprinklers

Abstract: Information on the drop energy from sprinklers is important for choosing the optimum sprinkler type for a particular soil. Drop size distribution data were collected for different types of sprinklers with various nozzle size-pressure combinations using a laser-optical method. Drop velocities were calculated using a trajectory model. The overall drop energy per unit of applied water was calculated. A method was developed to estimate the kinetic energy for a particular type of sprinkler with a given nozzle size and operating pressure using nozzle size and pressure head as independent variables. The volume mean drop size was found to be a good predictor of overall kinetic energy. With no wind, the overall drop energy varied from about 5 to 25 J/kg. The smooth plate spray head gave the least drop energy, while the single nozzle, impact-type sprinklers gave the greatest. Wind was found to increase drop energy by as much as a factor of three, but nozzle elevation had a small effect on drop energy.

CMOS process compatible fabrication of print heads

Abstract: A manufacturing process for printing heads (50) which integrates many nozzles into a single monolithic silicon structure. The nozzles (200) are etched through the silicon substrate, allowing two dimensional arrays of nozzles (200) for printing. The manufacturing process can be based on existing CMOS, BiCMOS and bipolar semiconductor manufacturing processes, allowing fabrication in existing semiconductor fabrication facilities. Drive transistors (201), shift registers, and fault tolerance circuitry can be fabricated on the same wafer as the nozzles (200). The manufacturing process uses anisotropic wet etching using EDP on a 〈100〉 wafer to form ink channels and nozzle barrels simultaneously. The size of the nozzle barrels can be controlled by the relative starting times of the etch of the nozzle barrels and the ink channels. The manufacturing process has major advantages in being highly CMOS compatible, with all processes relating to nozzle formation occurring after final level metal in CMOS process flow.

Fast quench reactor and method

Abstract: A fast quench reaction includes a reactor chamber having a high temperature heating means such as a plasma torch at its inlet and a restrictive convergent-divergent nozzle at its outlet end. Reactants are injected into the reactor chamber. The resulting heated gaseous stream is then rapidly cooled by passage through the nozzle. This "freezes" the desired end product(s) in the heated equilibrium reaction stage.

Equipment for cleaning, etching and drying semiconductor wafer and its using method

Abstract: An equipment for cleaning, etching and drying a semiconductor wafer is provided with a process chamber having a closed space of which temperature is capable of being heated and adjusted by a heater; a mesh arranged at the center part in the process chamber and supporting at least one semiconductor wafer to be cleaned; a plurality of spray nozzles arranged in line at the upper part in the process chamber; and a rotary discharge nozzle arranged at the lower part in the process chamber. The spray nozzles spray chemical and ultrapure water with nitrogen gas in mist state, and the rotary discharge nozzle blows out chemical and ultrapure water as jet stream by rotation of a first arm and second arms thereof.

Nozzle-venturi gas lift flow control device and method for improving production rate, lift efficiency, and stability of gas lift wells

Abstract: A gas flow control device for injecting gas into a production string for recovering pressure and reducing frictional losses, so that critical flow can be reached at lower pressure drops and higher production pressure, includes a nozzle having first and second ends, and a flow path therebetween, and a Venturi having first and second ends, and a flow path therebetween. The first end of the Venturi portion is disposed adjacent to the second end of the nozzle. The Venturi flow path coaxially aligned with the nozzle flow path to provide a continuous flow path through the valve. A method to increase the production rate, improve the lift efficiency, and eliminate or suppress instability in continuous-flow gas lift wells by use of a flow control device that has a gas flow rate performance that is independent of the tubing pressure even when the tubing pressure is as high as 80% to 93% of the casing pressure.

Ink cartridge package and packaging method

Abstract: A method of packaging an ink cartridge (100) containing ink to be supplied to a nozzle (4) places ink cartridge (100) into internal case (200) such that nozzle (4) is positioned in front of a nozzle presser (203) formed using an elastic material; ink cartridge (100) and internal case (200) are then placed inside a bag-shaped component (300), and bag-shaped component (300) is sealed under reduced pressure. As a result, the ink cartridge (100) can be packaged without the use of any adhesive which might clog nozzle (4), and without the need for any dedicated pressurizing component.

Liquid ejection apparatus

Abstract: A liquid ejection apparatus includes an ejection tank disposed above a conveying path and storing an image-forming solvent, a nozzle plate provided at the ejection tank as a bottom wall of the ejection tank and having a plurality of nozzle holes for ejecting the image-forming solvent, and at least one actuator for moving the nozzle plate reciprocally toward and away from an image-recording material on the conveying path. As the image-forming solvent is ejected from the nozzle holes, bubbles may enter into the ejection tank by way of the nozzle holes. However, the bubbles rise in the ejection tank without remaining in vicinities of the nozzle holes. As a result, a case in which bubbles close the nozzle holes and prevent the image-forming solvent from being released from the nozzle holes is avoided. Consequently, the image-forming solvent can be uniformly applied onto the image-recording material.

Thermally buckling control microvalve

Abstract: A thermally buckling control microvalve including three layers in which the intermediate layer is an electrically conductive one. The left side of the intermediate layer that aligns with an outlet of the lower layer has a suspension supported on both sides by a thin bridge structure. An upper side of the suspension is provided with an electrical thermal membrane which slightly curves upwardly, and a valve nozzle communicating with the outlet of the lower layer is caused to gradually open when actuated. A pressure chamber is disposed above the suspension and the bridge structures and a pressure distribution chamber communicating with the pressure chamber is disposed below. The area of the pressure chamber in contact with the suspension and the bridge structures is greater than that of the pressure distribution chamber in contact with the suspension and the bridge structures, causing the bottom rim of the suspension to always lie against the valve nozzle, preventing leakage of fluid from the pressure distribution chamber.

Method and apparatus for mounting component

Abstract: A method for mounting components, includes a first step for feeding to a component feed unit a plurality of stacked-in-stages trays on which components are accommodated, a second step for taking out the components of a Top-stage tray sequentially one by one to mount them onto a board, and a third step for, when the components on the tray are exhausted, removing the empty top-stage tray, and then returning to the second step An apparatus for mounting Components includes a component feed unit for feeding a plurality of stacked-in-stages trays on which components are accommodated, and a pickup device which can selectively hold either a component pickup nozzle or a tray transfer nozzle The pickup device is movable between the component feed unit and a specified position of a substrate or between the component feed unit and a tray removal box A nozzle replacement unit is provided for performing replacement of the pickup nozzle and the tray Transfer nozzle Also, a control unit is provided for deciding whether or not a component is present on the tray, and controlling the pickup head and the nozzle replacement units in such a manner that, if a component is present, picking up the component by the pickup nozzle and placing it onto the substrate, and if no component is present, replacing the pickup nozzle with the tray transfer nozzle, and picking up the tray and removing it to the tray removal box

Low-NOx staged combustion device for controlled radiative heating in high temperature furnaces

Abstract: A staged oxy-fuel burner for producing a generally flat fuel rich flame overlying a highly radiative fuel lean flame, the burner having a fuel passage terminating in a nozzle, the fuel passage and nozzle having a generally elongated cross-section, a housing of complementary shape surrounding the fuel passage, so that when fuel is introduced into the fuel passage and an oxidizer is introduced into the passage defined by a space between the housing and the fuel passage a generally flat fuel rich flame is produced at the nozzle end of the fuel conduit and a staging nozzle for introducing oxidizer underneath and in a shape complementary to said fuel rich flame to produce a highly radiative fuel lean flame under said fuel rich flame. A precombustor having a cross-sectional shape complementary to that of flame end of the burner can be disposed on the flame end of the burner housing the precombustor having a nozzle underneath the flame end to introduce oxidizer underneath the fuel rich flame exiting the precombustor.