Showing papers on "Nozzle published in 2003"

Ink-jet recording head and ink-jet recording apparatus

Abstract: A Ta—Si—O ternary alloy thin film resistive element having a self-oxide film that is good in energy transfer efficiency to an ink and is good in erosion resistance is used as a heating element, and deterioration in service life of the Ta—Si—O ternary alloy thin film resistive element due to cavitation is prevented. A heater ejects an ink filled in the individual flow channel in the vicinity of the nozzle from the nozzle as an ink droplet through expansion of a bubble formed in the ink with heat energy from the Ta—Si—O ternary alloy thin film resistive element, and the bubble formed in the individual flow channel is connected to the atmospheric air through the nozzle.

Analysis of Flow and Cavitation Phenomena in Diesel Injection Nozzles and Its Effects on Spray and Mixture Formation

Abstract: In modern DI Diesel engines the raw emissions of NOx and soot are affected, apart from the fuel injection rate, by atomization of the liquid jet and mixing of the fuel with the combustion air. Thereby details of the fuel flow inside the injection nozzle play an essential role. In order to determine the general mechanisms and the effect of individual nozzle configuration parameters on the fuel atomization and the fuel spray propagation, methods for optical diagnostics and CFD have been developed at the DaimlerChrysler Research. These methods are combined with an analysis of the injection system hydraulics and linked to a detailed analysis of mixture formation and combustion inside an optically accessible engine. The first part of the paper methods for the experimental investigation with transparent 1- and 6- hole nozzles in real size geometries under high pressure conditions are described. Special emphasis is put on CFD methods for modeling the cavitating two phase nozzle flow. In the second part the processes occurring in a sac hole nozzle of a common rail injector during the complete injection event are discussed. The influences of the spray hole position, inlet rounding and conical shape of the spray hole are presented. Finally a comparison between a needle lift controlled (CR = common rail) and a pressure controlled (PLN = pump line nozzle) injection system is made.

New technique for determination of internal geometry of a diesel nozzle with the use of silicone methodology

Abstract: A new technique has been presented to characterize the internal geometry of diesel injection nozzles. This technique is based on the impression of silicone molds. The advantages of this technique, compared with other techniques, are that it is possible to see and measure internal zones of the nozzle like the inlet curvature radius, and it is a non-destructive method. The technique has been validated, with positive results.

On some aspects of gas dynamics of the cold spray process

Abstract: This paper presents an overview of results of recent studies conducted at the Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics of the Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Science in the field of gas dynamics and heat transfer of the supersonic air jet under conditions typically used in the cold spray process. These studies are related to various aspects of the problem including a flow in the nozzle and the outflow of the jet, as well as effects of the interaction of the jet with a flat obstacle. They are conducted with a supersonic nozzle with a rectangular section at the exit with a Mach number M 0 between 2 and 3.5. The gas flow in the nozzle is theoretically and experimentally studied. It is shown that the boundary layer on the walls of the nozzle affects significantly the flow parameters (for example, Mach number M, pressure p, temperature T, and density ρ of the gas). A method of calculation of the gas parameters in the flow core of the nozzle is suggested, and it is shown that they depend mainly on the ratio of the nozzle width to its length. The results of the investigation of the supersonic air jets with stagnation temperature ranging from 300–600 K flowing in the atmosphere are presented. The corresponding dimensions of the jets, profiles, and axial distributions of the gas parameters are obtained. The interactions of the supersonic jet with the flat obstacle are studied. Self-similarity of the distribution of the pressure and of the Mach number on the obstacle surface is shown for the jets with various values of the Mach number and the angle of impingement. The oscillation regimen of the jet impingement, as well as a compressed layer structure is observed with the aid of a Schliren visualization technique. Some problems of heat exchange of the jets with the obstacle are considered. Distributions of stagnation temperature and heat exchange coefficient in the near-wall jet are obtained. The temperature of the obstacle for the stationary case is calculated, and it is shown that for heat conductive materials the surface temperature is lower than the stagnation temperature due to the redistribution of heat inside of the substrate.

A fluid dispensing device

Abstract: A fluid dispenser (5, 105) is disclosed having a housing (9, 109) and a pump action fluid discharge device (8, 108) The pump action fluid discharge device (8, 108) is arranged to be actuated by a pair of opposing levers (20, 21); (120, 121) which are pivotally connected to part of the housing (9, 109) When the levers (20, 21); (120, 121) are squeezed together the fluid discharge device (8, 108) is urged towards a nozzle (11, 111) causing a single dose of fluid to be dispensed from the nozzle (11, 111)

Condensation limited cooling in supersonic expansions

Abstract: Supersonic expansions of pure and seeded rare gases have been investigated experimentally, measuring the translational and rotational temperatures. The lowest achievable translational temperature in the jet depends on both gas properties as well as on experimental boundary conditions like nozzle shape and nozzle–skimmer distance. We show that there is a limit to the lowest temperature achieved, under practical conditions, set by condensation in the jet. A large cluster binding energy enhances the formation of clusters and they release their condensation energy into the beam. The spatial confinement of the jet extends to long distances, and is sensitive to the shape of the nozzle. The confined jet forms a narrow cone of high intensity, and results in increased collision probability and cluster formation.

Hand held powder-fed laser fusion welding torch

Abstract: A novel and inventive hand held powder-fed laser fusion welding torch providing manual flexibility for laser welding with powder-fed material. The hand held laser includes a body, handle, and nozzle assembly. The nozzle may be shrouded by a cover that is slightly spaced apart from the nozzle. The gap between the two may provide space through which inert gas may flow. Laser light from a remote source shines through the nozzle's central aperture. The nozzle aperture may be circumscribed by powder channel outlets aligned upon a working focal point coincident with the laser beam to treat a workpiece. A proximity sensor may enable selective welding torch operation according to the presence of a workpiece.

Vacuum cleaner with cleaning pad

Abstract: A vacuum cleaner has a suction nozzle, a housing connected to the suction nozzle and a suction fan and motor assembly mounted to the housing. A dirt collecting receptacle is mounted to the housing and is in communication with the suction nozzle and suction fan and motor assembly. A support plate is pivotally mounted to the housing and selectively holds a cleaning sheet for collecting dust and debris from a surface to be cleaned.

Monolithic ink-jet printhead and method for manufacturing the same

Abstract: An ink-jet printhead and a method of manufacturing the same include a substrate on which a heater and a passivation layer protecting the heater are formed, a passage plate on which an ink chamber corresponding to the heater and an ink passage connected to the ink chamber are formed, and a nozzle plate in which an orifice corresponding to the ink chamber is formed. An exposure stop layer (ESL) that blocks passage of a photosensitive energy is formed inside the nozzle plate, and the nozzle plate and the passage plate are bonded with each other by the exposure stop layer (ESL).

Fuel reforming apparatus

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a technology for vaporizing raw fuel to be reformed and water in advance of subjecting them to a reforming reaction so that the vaporization operation can be made fully following fluctuations in vaporizing amounts of the raw fuel to be reformed and the water. SOLUTION: In a reformer 16, methanol as a raw fuel to be reformed and water are mixed to form a fuel to be reformed, and the fuel to be reformed is sprayed into a combustion chamber 38 using a first nozzle 30 and a second nozzle 31. The nozzles are selected according to the flow rate to be sprayed at the spraying using the first nozzle 30 and the second nozzle 31. Air is used as an auxiliary fluid in the spraying using the nozzles. When ignition is made using an ignition plug 33 while feeding methanol and air in the combustion chamber 38, combustion reaction of methanol is initiated in the chamber 38. Remaining methanol and water are vaporized utilizing the heat generated by the combustion reaction and supplied for the reforming reaction. COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO

Acoustics and Thrust of Quiet Separate-Flow High-Bypass-Ratio Nozzles

Abstract: TheNASAGlennResearchCenterrecentlycompletedanexperimentalstudytoreducethejetnoisefrommodern turbofan engines. The study concentrated on exhaust nozzle designs for high-bypass-ratio engines. These designs modie ed the core and fan nozzles individually and simultaneously. In comparison with chevrons, tabs appeared to be an inefe cient method for reducing jet noise. Data trends show that interaction between fan e ow and the core cowl could strongly impact noise and cruise performance irrespective of the mixing device installed. The study demonstrates that modie cations of the core nozzle are generally more advantageous than of the fan nozzle. Even greater advantage in noise reduction and associated cruise thrust penalties is demonstrated through simultaneous modie cation of both nozzles. Thebestnozzledesign had a 0.06% cruisethrustlossand, corrected fortakeoff thrust loss, a 2.7-EPNdB reduction for the effective perceived noise level metric. This design simultaneously employed chevrons on the core and fan nozzles. Last, e ve nozzle cone gurations with cruise thrust loss of less than 0.5% and noise reductions of over 2.5 EPNdB are identie ed as candidates for full-scale engine and e ight demonstrations.

Numerical Simulation of Two-Phase Flow in Injection Nozzles: Interaction of Cavitation and External Jet Formation

Abstract: The present investigation demonstrates the strong interaction of cavitating nozzle flow with the outside jet formation

Fluid jet cutting system

Abstract: A method and apparatus for preventing water from entering the abrasive port of an entrained high pressure fluid jet nozzle and a method and apparatus for attaching the high pressure fluid jet nozzle to a hazardous duty robot. The invention includes the application of a positive air pressure to an abrasive line preferably during those times when there is insufficient vacuum generate by high pressure fluid being sent through the restricted orifice in the high pressure nozzle. The invention prevents clogging of a fluid jet cutting system during operation. The invention includes mounting a nozzle and/or visualization system to an expandable and contactable component such as a grasping device that allows for continued use of the expandable and contractible grasping unit. This includes, for example, a grasping device that is provided out the end of a movable robot arm and that allows for rotation of the grasping device.

Experimental and Computational Investigation of Multiple Injection Ports in a Convergent-Divergent Nozzle for Fluidic Thrust Vectoring

Abstract: A computational and experimental study was conducted to investigate the effects of multiple injection ports in a two-dimensional, convergent-divergent nozzle, for fluidic thrust vectoring. The concept of multiple injection ports was conceived to enhance the thrust vectoring capability of a convergent-divergent nozzle over that of a single injection port without increasing the secondary mass flow rate requirements. The experimental study was conducted at static conditions in the Jet Exit Test Facility of the 16-Foot Transonic Tunnel Complex at NASA Langley Research Center. Internal nozzle performance was obtained at nozzle pressure ratios up to 10 with secondary nozzle pressure ratios up to 1 for five configurations. The computational study was conducted using the Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes computational fluid dynamics code PAB3D with two-equation turbulence closure and linear Reynolds stress modeling. Internal nozzle performance was predicted for nozzle pressure ratios up to 10 with a secondary nozzle pressure ratio of 0.7 for two configurations. Results from the experimental study indicate a benefit to multiple injection ports in a convergent-divergent nozzle. In general, increasing the number of injection ports from one to two increased the pitch thrust vectoring capability without any thrust performance penalties at nozzle pressure ratios less than 4 with high secondary pressure ratios. Results from the computational study are in excellent agreement with experimental results and validates PAB3D as a tool for predicting internal nozzle performance of a two dimensional, convergent-divergent nozzle with multiple injection ports.

Nozzle‐quenching process for controlled flame synthesis of titania nanoparticles

Abstract: A process for precisely controlled synthesis of nanoparticles with a broad range of sizes, morphologies, and phase compositions is presented. This is achieved by a rapid quenching of the entire flame aerosol in a critical-flow nozzle placed above and into the flame. This process is evaluated for synthesis of titania nanoparticles by oxidation of titanium-tetra-isopropoxide (TTIP) in a methane/oxygen coflow diffusion-flame reactor. Precise control of phase composition from 97 to 5 wt. % anatase (and the balance rutile) and average primary particle diameter from 5 to 60 nm is possible by positioning the quenching nozzle at the desired heights above the burner and controlling gas and precursor flow rates. The nozzle quenching also reduces the degree of agglomeration of the product particles. An operation diagram shows that the primary particle diameter and the phase composition can be independently controlled, making anatase or rutile nanoparticles with high or low specific surface area.

Portable gas powered fluid dispenser

Abstract: A caulking gun has a tubular chamber (9) to surround sleeve-like rigid tubes (10) and compressible sausage type containers containing viscous materials including sealants, adhesives, caulking, mastics and the like When rigid tubes (10) are loaded into the chamber, compressed gas is allowed to surround the sleeve and a plunger (80) loaded within the rigid tube (10) to equalize pressure around the outside of the rigid tube (10) If a sausage type container is loaded into the chamber (9), a removable plunger (80) is also provided to form a tight seal between the perimeter of the plunger and the inner surface of the chamber (9) Compressed gas introduced into the chamber (9) preferentially acts on the plunger (80) and an underlying end wall of the sausage to expel the material, without imparting any significant pressure to other parts of the sausage The caulking gun includes a variable flow rate nozzle (20) which may be removed from the device The nozzle (20) may be replaced with similar or different nozzle pieces of various shapes and sizes, if desired Hand operated controls vary the flow rate through the nozzle and control introduction of compressed gas when in use These features may be incorporated into other portable, hand held dispensing devices powered by other pressurized fluids

Fixed mounted sorting cuvette with user replaceable nozzle

Abstract: A flow cell and flow cytometer in which a nozzle at the end of a flow channel is disposed on a removable substrate held at a registered location on a flow cell. Other elements including illumination optics, light collection optics, and the flow cell may then be positioned at fixed locations and would not require subsequent periodic adjustment. The registered location for positioning the nozzle allows removal and replacement of the nozzle key with the nozzle subsequently positioned in the identical location.

Intense, hyperthermal source of organic radicals for matrix-isolation spectroscopy

Abstract: We have incorporated a pulsed, hyperthermal nozzle with a cryostat to study the matrix-isolated infrared spectroscopy of organic radicals. The radicals are produced by pyrolysis in a heated, narrow-bore (1-mm-diam) SiC tube and then expanded into the cryostat vacuum chamber. The combination of high nozzle temperature (up to 1800 K) and near-sonic flow velocities (on the order of 104 cm s−1) through the length of the 2 cm tube allows for high yield of radicals (approximately 1013 radicals pulse−1) and low residence time (on the order of 10 μs) in the nozzle. We have used this hyperthermal nozzle/matrix isolation experiment to observe the IR spectra of complex radicals such as allyl radical (CH2CHCH2), phenyl radical (C6H5), and methylperoxyl radical (CH3OO). IR spectra of samples produced with a hyperthermal nozzle are remarkably clean and relatively free of interfering radical chemistry. By monitoring the unimolecular thermal decomposition of allyl ethyl ether in the nozzle using matrix IR spectroscopy, we have derived the residence time (τnozzle) of the gas pulse in the nozzle to be around 30 μs.

Fuel injector nozzle adapter

Abstract: A fuel injector adapter for providing nitrous oxide to an internal combustion engine is disclosed. The nozzle has a central fuel injector passage that terminates at a first outlet end. Fuel from a fuel injector may be passed through the central fuel injector passage. The nozzle also has an inner annular passage arranged circumferentially around the central fuel injector passage. The inner annular passage terminates at a second outlet end. The nozzle also has an outer annular passage arranged circumferentially around the inner annular passage that terminates at a third outlet end. One or both of the inner and outer annular passages is adapted to pass nitrous oxide through it. The nozzle is adapted to fit between a fuel injector and an engine without substantial modification to the engine.

Three dimensional tomographic fabric assembly

Abstract: A method of making a fabric, by selective deposition modelling or fused deposition modelling, comprises feeding material from at least one nozzle onto a moveable belt (14). The nozzle (13) is moveable for translational movement and the spacing between the nozzle (13) and the belt (14) is adjustable. The flow through the nozzle (13) and translational movement of the nozzle (13) is controlled such that the nozzle (13) dispenses the material in a controlled manner to form the fabric layer-by-layer.

Method of aligning inkjet nozzle banks for an inkjet printer

Abstract: A method is provided for reducing image artifacts in printers that employ two or more printhead nozzle banks that must be aligned and registered with respect to each other either through adjustment of orientation and/or position of one nozzle bank relative to another or through selective control of actuation. In the method, discrete dots are printed by the nozzle banks upon a target receiver medium. Examination of the receiver medium or a reproduction thereof is made by a scanner and information regarding location of the dots is generated. From information regarding location of the dots a determination is made of error placement of the dots from ideal locations. Alignment of the nozzle banks are made in accordance with any errors determined in placement.

Self-opening closure for composite packagings or for container or bottle nozzles for sealing with film material

Abstract: The self-opening closure comprises a pouring nozzle (2) which may be mounted on a composite packaging or a container or bottle nozzle for sealing or already sealed with film material, a corresponding twist cap (1) and a self-opener sleeve (3), arranged within the pouring nozzle (2) which may be made to rotate by the twist cap (1). Force transfer means and guide means are moulded on said three elements, which cooperate such that on first rotating the twist cap (1) in the opening direction, the self-opening sleeve (3) is vertically pushed downwards in the pouring nozzle (2) and then rotated in the horizontal direction through about 360°. As the self-opening sleeve (3) is provided on the lower edge thereof with a combined piercing and cutting body (9) which protrudes therefrom, the film or the packaging is firstly reliably punctured and then a disc is cleanly cut from the same and then folded downwards.

gas distributing system for delivering plasma gas to a wafer reaction chamber

Abstract: A gas distributing system and a method of operating the distributing system is provided. After setting a few control valve parameters, the gas distributing system automatically adjusts the distribution of plasma gas inside a wafer processing chamber during a dry etching or a film deposition process so that uniform single wafer is produced. First, a main gas conduit is redirected into two separate gas conduit inside a gas separator. One conduit connects with a gas nozzle near the central region of an upper electrode panel distributor and the other conduit connects with a gas nozzle near the peripheral region of the upper electrode panel distributor. An O-ring between the central region and the peripheral region prevents any mixing of gas from the nozzles in these two regions. Gas distribution inside the reaction chamber can be changed to meet the need of different processing conditions by adjusting the flow control valves mounted on the two conduits.

Fuel injection valve

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a fuel injection valve capable of sufficiently obtaining the fuel spray penetration force even when a nozzle injecting diameter is reduced, and advancing the atomization of fuel spray. SOLUTION: A double injection nozzle 20 is formed by longitudinally arranging a first injection hole 21 and a second injection hole 22, and mounted on a circle. The first injection hole 21 and the second injection hole 22 respectively have a hole diameter of 0.1 mm or less, and arranged in parallel at an interval of 0.4 mm. Inlet openings 21 in, 22 in of the first injection hole and the second injection hole 22 are formed on a recessed part 14 formed on a sheet part 12.

Container and valve assembly for storing and dispensing substances, and related method

Abstract: A container including a nozzle and body depending therefrom. The body is preferably tubular and defines an interior which retains a product to be dispensed. A cap engages the nozzle to prevent inadvertent release of the product. In order to dispense the product, the cap is removed and pressure is applied to the body and the nozzle allows release of the product. The nozzle releases the product without exposing the remaining product to the external atmosphere, thus the sterility of the interior of the body is maintained and the shelf life of the product is increased. The nozzle includes an inner body, coupled to the tubular body, surrounded by a flexible outer cover. A seam between the inner body and flexible outer cover forms a one-way release valve wherein a portion of the seam remains closed during dispensing the product.

Unsteadiness of Flow Separation and End-Effects Regime in a Thrust-Optimized Contour Rocket Nozzle

Abstract: Turbulent flow separation in over-expanded rocket nozzles is investigated experimentally in a sub-scale model nozzle fed with cold air and having a thrust-optimized contour. Depending upon the pressure ratio either a free shock separation (FSS) or a restricted shock separation (RSS) is observed with a significant hysteresis between these two flow regimes. It is shown that the RSS configuration may involve several separated regions. Analysis of wall pressure fluctuations give quantitative information on the fluctuating pressure field directly connected with the occurrence of significant side loads. Direct measurements of the evolution of the side loads with respect to the pressure ratio show the occurrence of three distinct peaks which are explained by the wall pressure fluctuations measurements.

Exposure device and method

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To surely fill a space between the final surface of a projection optical system and a substrate with a liquid in an exposure device to which an immersion method is applied SOLUTION: This exposure device comprises a liquid supply nozzle 5 disposed in the periphery of the projection optical system 4 and in the first direction as seen from the projecting optical system When a substrate 9 is moved in the second direction opposite to the first direction by a substrate stage 10, the liquid is supplied onto the surface of the substrate 9 through the liquid supply nozzle 5 to form a liquid film f on that surface Here, the liquid is continuously supplied onto the surface of the substrate 9 through the liquid supply nozzle 5 so that the liquid film f is continuously spread as the substrate 9 moves COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI