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Showing papers on "Nozzle published in 2008"


PatentDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a single-file stream of droplets of a fluid to a high-vacuum system was produced by using a two concentric tubes with a smoothly converging-diverging exit channel and the outlet end positioned within the converging section of the exit channel.
Abstract: A nozzle for producing a single-file stream of droplets of a fluid, methods using the nozzle, and an injector, comprising the nozzle of the invention, for providing the single-file stream of droplets of a fluid to a high-vacuum system are described. The nozzle comprises two concentric tubes wherein the outer tube comprises a smoothly converging-diverging exit channel and the outlet end of the first tube is positioned within the converging section of the exit channel.

410 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a droplet beam source based on the gas-dynamic forces exerted by a co-flowing gas was proposed to avoid the need for a solid nozzle to form a microscopic liquid jet and alleviate the clogging problems that plague conventional droplet sources of small diameter.
Abstract: As shown by Ganan-Calvo and co-workers, a free liquid jet can be compressed in iameter through gas-dynamic forces exerted by a co-flowing gas, obviating the need for a solid nozzle to form a microscopic liquid jet and thereby alleviating the clogging problems that plague conventional droplet sources of small diameter. We describe in this paper a novel form of droplet beam source based on this principle. The source is miniature, robust, dependable, easily fabricated, and eminently suitable for delivery of microscopic liquid droplets, including hydrated biological samples, into vacuum for analysis using vacuum instrumentation. Monodisperse, single file droplet streams are generated by triggering the device with a piezoelectric actuator. The device is essentially immune to clogging.

367 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present an overview of the phenomena occurring inside the vortex tube during the temperature/energy separation on both the counter flow and parallel flow types, and present several different hypotheses based on experimental, analytical, and numerical studies.
Abstract: The vortex tube or Ranque–Hilsch vortex tube is a device that enables the separation of hot and cold air as compressed air flows tangentially into the vortex chamber through inlet nozzles. Separating cold and hot airs by using the principles of the vortex tube can be applied to industrial applications such as cooling equipment in CNC machines, refrigerators, cooling suits, heating processes, etc. The vortex tube is well-suited for these applications because it is simple, compact, light, quiet, and does not use Freon or other refrigerants (CFCs/HCFCs). It has no moving parts and does not break or wear and therefore requires little maintenance. Thus, this paper presents an overview of the phenomena occurring inside the vortex tube during the temperature/energy separation on both the counter flow and parallel flow types. The paper also reviews the experiments and the calculations presented in previous studies on temperature separation in the vortex tube. The experiment consisted of two important parameters, the first is the geometrical characteristics of the vortex tube (for example, the diameter and length of the hot and cold tubes, the diameter of the cold orifice, shape of the hot (divergent) tube, number of inlet nozzles, shape of the inlet nozzles, and shape of the cone valve. The second is focused on the thermo-physical parameters such as inlet gas pressure, cold mass fraction, moisture of inlet gas, and type of gas (air, oxygen, helium, and methane). For each parameter, the temperature separation mechanism and the flow-field inside the vortex tubes is explored by measuring the pressure, velocity, and temperature fields. The computation review is concentrated on the quantitative, theoretical, analytical, and numerical (finite volume method) aspects of the study. Although many experimental and numerical studies on the vortex tubes have been made, the physical behaviour of the flow is not fully understood due to its complexity and the lack of consistency in the experimental findings. Furthermore, several different hypotheses based on experimental, analytical, and numerical studies have been put forward to describe the thermal separation phenomenon.

226 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of cavitating flow on diesel fuel atomization characteristics in nozzles of different length to width (L/W) ratios was investigated, and the results showed that the cavitation flow in the nozzle can be observed when the discharge coefficient is within the range from Cd−=−0.709 to 0.8312 in case of L/W−1.8, and Cd´=− 0.5793 to0.7705 in case for L/w−2.7.

207 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the existence of the bow shock was found to be dependent on the length of the nozzle's supersonic potential core, and the amount of standoff distance between the potential core and the substrate.
Abstract: Cold Spray involves the deposition of metallic powder particles using a supersonic gas jet. When the nozzle standoff distance is small, a bow shock is formed at the impingement zone between the supersonic jet and the substrate. It has long been thought that this bow shock is detrimental to process performance as it can reduce particle impact velocities. By using computational fluid dynamics, Particle Image Velocimetry and Schlieren imaging it was possible to show that the bow shock has a negative influence on deposition efficiency as a result of a reduction in particle velocity. Furthermore, the existence of the bow shock was shown to be dependent on the length of the nozzle's supersonic potential core. Experiments were carried out with aluminium, copper and titanium powders using a custom-made helium nozzle, operating at 2.0 MPa and 20 °C, and a commercial nitrogen nozzle operating at 3.0 MPa and 300 °C. In all cases, it was found that there is a direct relationship between standoff distance and deposition efficiency. At standoff distances less than 60 mm, the bow shock reduced deposition efficiencies by as much as 40%.

193 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of two-fluid nozzle designs and principles together with a presentation of nozzle fundamentals introducing basic nozzle theory and thermodynamics are presented. And the relationship between the prediction of mean droplet diameters and their use is discussed, compared and accompanied by a discussion of their use.

191 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a computational fluid dynamics cavitation model based on the Eulerian-Lagrangian approach and suitable for hole-type diesel injector nozzles is presented and discussed.
Abstract: A computational fluid dynamics cavitation model based on the Eulerian–Lagrangian approach and suitable for hole-type diesel injector nozzles is presented and discussed. The model accounts for a number of primary physical processes pertinent to cavitation bubbles, which are integrated into the stochastic framework of the model. Its predictive capability has been assessed through comparison of the calculated onset and development of cavitation inside diesel nozzle holes against experimental data obtained in real-size and enlarged models of single- and multi-hole nozzles. For the real-size nozzle geometry, high-speed cavitation images obtained under realistic injection pressures are compared against model predictions, whereas for the large-scale nozzle, validation data include images from a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera, computed tomography (CT) measurements of the liquid volume fraction and laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV) measurements of the liquid mean and root mean square (r.m.s.) velocities at different cavitation numbers (CN) and two needle lifts, corresponding to different cavitation regimes inside the injection hole. Overall, and on the basis of this validation exercise, it can be argued that cavitation modelling has reached a stage of maturity, where it can usefully identify many of the cavitation structures present in internal nozzle flows and their dependence on nozzle design and flow conditions.

186 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, high-speed images have revealed the formation of an unsteady vapour structure upstream of the injection holes inside the nozzle volume, referred to as string-cavitation.
Abstract: Flow visualization as well as three-dimensional cavitating flow simulations have been employed for characterizing the formation of cavitation inside transparent replicas of fuel injector valves used in low-speed two-stroke diesel engines. The designs tested have incorporated five-hole nozzles with cylindrical as well as tapered holes operating at different fixed needle lift positions. High-speed images have revealed the formation of an unsteady vapour structure upstream of the injection holes inside the nozzle volume, which is referred to as ‘string-cavitation’. Computation of the flow distribution and combination with three-dimensional reconstruction of the location of the strings inside the nozzle volume has revealed that strings are found at the core of recirculation zones; they originate either from pre-existing cavitation sites forming at sharp corners inside the nozzle where the pressure falls below the vapour pressure of the flowing liquid, or even from suction of outside air downstream of the hole exit. Processing of the acquired images has allowed estimation of the mean location and probability of appearance of the cavitating strings in the three-dimensional space as a function of needle lift, cavitation and Reynolds number. The frequency of appearance of the strings has been correlated with the Strouhal number of the vortices developing inside the sac volume; the latter has been found to be a function of needle lift and hole shape. The presence of strings has significantly affected the flow conditions at the nozzle exit, influencing the injected spray. The cavitation structures formed inside the injection holes are significantly altered by the presence of cavitation strings and are jointly responsible for up to 10% variation in the instantaneous fuel injection quantity. Extrapolation using model predictions for real-size injectors operating at realistic injection pressures indicates that cavitation strings are expected to appear within the time scales of typical injection events, implying significant hole-to-hole and cycle-to-cycle variations during the corresponding spray development.

175 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jun 2008-Fuel
TL;DR: In this article, an experimental study of real multi-hole Diesel nozzles is performed under current DI Diesel engines operating conditions. The aim of the investigation is to study the influence of orifice geometry on the flow at the nozzle exit and to analyse its effect on the spray in evaporative conditions.

172 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, simultaneous PIV and OH-PLIF measurements were conducted in an enclosed gas turbine model combustor for investigating the influence of turbulence on local flame characteristics, revealing the formation of reaction zones at regions where hot burned gas from the recirculation zones mixes with the fresh fuel/air mixture at the nozzle exit.
Abstract: In highly turbulent environments, combustion is strongly influenced by the effects of turbulence chemistry interactions. Simultaneous measurement of the flow field and flame is, therefore, obligatory for a clear understanding of the underlying mechanisms. In the current studies simultaneous PIV and OH-PLIF measurements were conducted in an enclosed gas turbine model combustor for investigating the influence of turbulence on local flame characteristics. The swirling CH4/air flame that was investigated had a thermal power of 10.3 kW with an overall equivalence ratio of ϕ=0.75 and exhibited strong thermoacoustic oscillations at a frequency of approximately 295 Hz. The measurements reveal the formation of reaction zones at regions where hot burned gas from the recirculation zones mixes with the fresh fuel/air mixture at the nozzle exit. However, this does not seem to be a steady phenomenon as there always exist regions where the mixture has failed to ignite, possibly due to the high local strain rates present, resulting in small residence time available for a successful kinetic runaway to take place. The time averaged PIV images showed flow fields typical of enclosed swirl burners, namely a big inner recirculation zone and a small outer recirculation zone. However, the instantaneous images show the existence of small vortical structures close to the shear layers. These small vortical structures are seen playing a vital role in the formation and destruction of reaction zone structures. One does not see a smooth laminar flame front in the instantaneous OH-PLIF images, instead isolated regions of ignition and extinction highlighting the strong interplay between turbulence and chemical reactions.

162 citations


Patent
22 May 2008
TL;DR: In this article, a vapor deposition source including a crucible configured to hold a quantity of molten constituent material and at least one nozzle to pass vapor evaporated from the molten component material out of the crucible is described.
Abstract: A vapor deposition source including a crucible configured to hold a quantity of molten constituent material and at least one nozzle to pass vapor evaporated from the molten constituent material out of the crucible.

Patent
26 Nov 2008
TL;DR: A liquid droplet jetting apparatus as discussed by the authors includes a jetting head unit which has a nozzle which jets droplets of a liquid, and a heat generating section, a suction port which is formed in the jetting unit, and which opens near the nozzle.
Abstract: A liquid droplet jetting apparatus includes a jetting head unit which has a nozzle which jets droplets of a liquid, and a heat generating section, a suction port which is formed in the jetting head unit, and which opens near the nozzle, and a suction device which sucks air around the nozzle from the suction port, and cools down the heat generating section of the jetting head unit by the air which is sucked. Since the heat generating portion is cooled down by the air sucked from the suction port by the suction device, it is possible to reduce a possibility of the heat of the heat generating section being transferred to the jetting head unit, and destabilizing an operation of the jetting head unit. Moreover, since the suction port opens near the nozzle, it is possible to suck fine liquid droplets together with air around the nozzle.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jun 2008-Fuel
TL;DR: In this paper, the performance of an air-firing swirl burner retrofitted to oxy-fired pf coal combustion with the oxy fired feed conditions established to match the furnace heat transfer for the air fired case was evaluated in a vertical pilot-scale furnace.

Patent
23 Oct 2008
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a miniature hydro-power generation system with an outer and an inner housing, where the outer housing may receive a flow of liquid flowing in a first direction at a predetermined range of pressure and increased by a predetermined amount of velocity.
Abstract: A miniature hydro-power generation system includes an outer housing and an inner housing. The outer housing may receive a flow of liquid flowing in a first direction at a predetermined range of pressure. The flow of liquid may be decreased by a predetermined amount of pressure and increased by a predetermined amount of velocity and channeled to a hydro-generator included in the inner housing with an inlet nozzle. The flow of liquid may be channeled with the inlet nozzle to flow in a second direction that is substantially perpendicular to the first direction. Upon transfer of kinetic energy in the flow of liquid to the hydro-generator, the inner housing may rotate in the second direction. The flow of liquid may then be channeled back to the first direction and out of the housing with an outlet nozzle. The outlet nozzle configured to increase the pressure and decrease the velocity of the flow of liquid to minimized non-laminar flow characteristics.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a diaphragm was used to allow rapid discharge of high-pressure hydrogen, and the burst pressure was varied from 4 to 30 MPa, with the diameter of the nozzle being 5 or 10 mm.
Abstract: The phenomenon of self-ignition and explosion during discharge of high-pressure hydrogen was investigated. To clarify the ignition conditions of high-pressure hydrogen jets, rapid discharge of the high-pressure hydrogen was examined experimentally. A diaphragm was used to allow rapid discharge of the high-pressure hydrogen. The burst pressure was varied from 4 to 30 MPa. The downstream geometry of the diaphragm was a flange and extension pipes, with the pipe length varying from 3 to 300 mm. The diameter of the nozzle was 5 or 10 mm. When short pipes were used, the hydrogen jet did not ignite. However, the hydrogen jet showed an increasing tendency to ignite in the pipe as the length of the pipe became longer. At higher burst pressures, a diffusion jet flame was formed from the pipe. The blast wave from the fireball formed on self-ignition of the hydrogen jet resulted in an extremely rapid pressure rise.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Sep 2008-Fuel
TL;DR: In this article, the injection characteristics of DME fuel as an alternative fuel for compression ignition engines were analyzed by applying a nozzle flow model that accounted for the effect of cavitation, and the results showed that the actual injection duration was longer than that of diesel fuel because the injection started faster and ended with more delay.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a comprehensive theoretical/numerical framework is established and validated to study the chemical erosion of carbon-carbon/graphite nozzle materials in solid-rocket motors at practical operating conditions.
Abstract: A comprehensive theoretical/numerical framework is established and validated to study the chemical erosion of carbon-carbon/graphite nozzle materials in solid-rocket motors at practical operating conditions. The formulation takes into account detailed thermofluid dynamics for a multicomponent reacting flow, heterogeneous reactions at the nozzle surface, condensed-phase energy transport, and nozzle material properties. Many restrictive assumptions and approximations made in the previous models have been relaxed. Both metallized and nonmetallized AP/HTPB composite propellants are treated. The predicted nozzle surface recession rates compare well with three different sets of experimental data. The erosion rate follows the trend exhibited by the heat-flux distribution and is most severe in the throat region. H 2 O proved to be the most detrimental oxidizing species in dictating nozzle erosion, followed by much lesser contributions from OH and CO 2 , in that order. The erosion rate increases with increasing chamber pressure, mainly due to higher convective heat transfer and enhanced heterogeneous surface reactions. For nonmetallized propellants, the recession rate is dictated by heterogeneous chemical kinetics because the nozzle surface temperature is relatively low. For metallized propellants, the process is diffusion-controlled due to the high surface temperature. The erosion rate decreases with increasing aluminum content, a phenomenon resulting from reduced concentrations of oxidizing species H 2 O, OH, and CO 2 . The transition from the kinetics-controlled to diffusion-controlled mechanism occurs at a surface temperature of around 2800 K.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the performance of the ejector refrigeration system using ejectors with cylindrical mixing chamber is studied at operating conditions with choking in the mixing chamber, where the condenser pressure is chosen so that the secondary flow choking can occur even in the ejectedor with the smallest area ratio.
Abstract: The performance of the ejector refrigeration system using ejectors with cylindrical mixing chamber is studied at operating conditions with choking in the mixing chamber. The condenser pressure is chosen so that the secondary flow choking can occur even in the ejector with the smallest area ratio. In the present study, the performance of the constructed system is determined by using six configurations of ejector and R-123 as working fluid in the system. The study is performed over a range of the ejector area ratio from 6.5 to 11.5 at the compression ratio 2.47. In the studied range, the experimental coefficient of performance of the system rises from 0.29 to 0.41, as the optimum generator temperature increases from 83 to 103 °C. Similar results were also found in the parametric study when the efficiencies of the nozzle and diffuser are taken as 0.90.

Journal ArticleDOI
04 Feb 2008-Wear
TL;DR: In this article, the erosive power distribution of an abrasive jet micromachining of masked and unmasked channels in glass was modeled using a novel technique, and the results showed that the velocity decreased linearly from the centerline of the jet to the periphery, and that the probability of a particle arriving at the surface a given radial distance from the centre of the impacting jet followed a Weibull distribution.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, real-gas effects occurring in subcritical and supercritical organic Rankine cycle nozzles have been investigated using two-dimensional Euler simulations of an existing axial ORS stator nozzle.
Abstract: Organic Rankine cycle turbogenerators are a viable option as stationary energy converters for external heat sources, in the low power range (from a few kW up to a few MW). The fluid-dynamic design of organic Rankine cycle turbines can benefit from computational fluid dynamics tools which are capable of properly taking into account real-gas effects occurring in the turbine, which typically expands in the nonideal-gas thermodynamic region. In addition, the potential efficiency increase offered by supercritical organic Rankine cycles, which entails even stronger real-gas effects, has not yet been exploited in current practice. In this paper, real-gas effects occurring in subcritical and supercritical organic Rankine cycle nozzles have been investigated. Two-dimensional Euler simulations of an existing axial organic Rankine cycle stator nozzle are carried out using a computational fluid dynamics code, which is linked to an accurate thermodynamic model for the working fluid (octamethyltrisiloxane C 8 H 28 O 2 Si 3 ). The cases analyzed include the expansions starting from actual subcritical conditions, that is, the design point and part-load operation, and three expansions starting from supercritical conditions. Results of the simulations of the existing nozzle for current operating conditions can be used to refine its design. Moreover, the simulations of the nozzle expansions starting from supercritical conditions show that a nozzle geometry with a much higher exit-to-throat area ratio is required to obtain an efficient expansion. Other peculiar characteristics of supercritical expansions such as low sound speed and velocity, high density, and mass flow rate, are discussed.

Patent
08 Oct 2008
TL;DR: In this paper, a holder device may be attached to a water outlet tube which is extended from a wall, without drilling holes in the wall, and includes a housing having an inlet attached to the water outlet, and two or more outlet ports for coupling to a shower head and a sprayer nozzle, a base having a spring-biased latch for clamping the pipe to the base, a seat slidably attached onto the pipe for adjustably and removeably supporting the sprayer.
Abstract: A holder device may be attached to a water outlet tube which is extended from a wall, without drilling holes in the wall, and includes a housing having an inlet attached to the water outlet tube, and two or more outlet ports for coupling to a shower head and a sprayer nozzle, a base having a spring-biased latch for clamping the pipe to the base, a seat slidably attached onto the pipe for adjustably and removeably supporting the sprayer nozzle. The housing includes a casing having a chamber for receiving a valve stem, and a spring-biased valve member received in the valve stem to control the water to flow out through the outlet ports of the housing, and a knob secured to the valve stem to rotate the valve stem relative to the casing and the housing.

Journal ArticleDOI
08 Feb 2008-Langmuir
TL;DR: Spherical polymeric core-shell microcapsules in uniform size were produced by electrospraying with a coaxial nozzle setup when the volumetric feed rate of the shell-forming PCL solution was higher than that of the core-forming PS or PMMA solution, and irregular morphologies were observed.
Abstract: Spherical polymeric core−shell microcapsules in uniform size were produced by electrospraying with a coaxial nozzle setup. Contrary to the usual coaxial setup, the inner nozzle was slightly bent to touch the inside wall of the outer nozzle. A polymer solution for the core was introduced through the outer nozzle, and the other solution for the shell was supplied through the inner nozzle. The setup greatly increased reproduction of the same results. As a proof of the concept, core−shell microcapsules consisting of a PS or PMMA core and a PCL shell (PS@PCL, PMMA@PCL) were produced. When the volumetric feed rate of the shell-forming PCL solution was higher than that of the core-forming PS or PMMA solution the core−shell structures in uniform size were readily obtained. In contrast, irregular morphologies were observed when the feed rate of the PCL solution was slower or equal to that of the PS or PMMA solution. The size of the colloid was dependent on the relative feed ratio between the polymer solutions as w...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, experimental data obtained for two ambient conditions, viz., hot-dry and hot-humid, covering dry bulb temperature (DBT) from 35 to 47°C, and R.H. 10-60%.

Journal ArticleDOI
Sang Hee Won1, S. K. Ryu1, Munki Kim1, Min Suk Cha, Suk Ho Chung1 
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of electric fields on the propagation speed of tribrachial (or triple) flames has been investigated in a coflow jet by observing the transient flame propagation behavior after ignition.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the effect of cavitation on the fuel flow and atomization characteristics of the biodiesel fuel using two different nozzles which have different length-to-width ratios.
Abstract: The aim of this work is to investigate the effect of cavitation on the fuel flow and atomization characteristics of the biodiesel fuel. To study these characteristics of biodiesel as an alternative fuel, two different nozzles which have different length-to-width ratios were utilized in this experiment. The visualization system visualized the internal and external flow for investigating the formation and development of cavitation inside the orifice, and the internal flow characteristics were analyzed quantitatively using dimensionless numbers such as the Reynolds number, Weber number, cavitation number, and discharge coefficient. Moreover, the droplet measuring system was installed to study the effect of the formed cavitation on the fuel atomization such as the mean droplet size and the axial and radial mean velocity. On the basis of the results of the cavitating experiment, it was revealed that the mean droplet size of biodiesel is larger than that of diesel fuel. The droplet size became small when it for...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the effect of the turbine's structural configuration on the performance and internal flow characteristics of the cross-flow turbine model using CFD analysis and found that the turbine runner's shape, angle, and number of runners are closely related to turbine performance.
Abstract: Recently, small hydropower attracts attention because of its clean, renewable and abundant energy resources to develop. Therefore, a cross-flow hydraulic turbine is proposed for small hydropower in this study because the turbine has relatively simple structure and high possibility of applying to small hydropower. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the turbine's structural configuration on the performance and internal flow characteristics of the cross-flow turbine model using CFD analysis. The results show that nozzle shape, runner blade angle and runner blade number are closely related to the performance and internal flow of the turbine. Moreover, air layer in the turbine runner plays very important roles of improving the turbine performance.

Patent
Michel Vanvolsem1, Julien Ampere1
19 Sep 2008
TL;DR: In this paper, a mixing device has a first portion located on the injection inlet side of the pipe and a second portion located opposite the injector side of pipe, the portions being designed so that the fluid velocity is higher downstream from the mixing device second portion than downstream from mixing device first portion.
Abstract: In an exhaust gas pipe, a first fluid flows in a flow direction in the pipe, and a second fluid is injected inside the pipe by a nozzle, from an injection inlet arranged in the pipe wall, according to an injection direction. A mixing device fastened inside the pipe upstream from the injection inlet creates turbulence that helps the mixing of the fluids. The mixing device has a first portion located on the injection inlet side of the pipe and a second portion located opposite the injection inlet side of the pipe, the portions being designed so that the fluid velocity is higher downstream from the mixing device second portion than downstream from the mixing device first portion. An aqueous solution of urea can be injected inside an exhaust pipe of a diesel engine.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A laminar flow stream formed by a microfabricated nozzle array is used to prepare cell-encapsulated alginate gel micro-tubes, in which cells formed a cylindrical multi-cellular aggregate after cultivation for two weeks.
Abstract: We have used a laminar flow stream formed by a microfabricated nozzle array to prepare cell-encapsulated alginate gel micro-tubes, in which cells formed a cylindrical multi-cellular aggregate after cultivation for two weeks.

Patent
28 May 2008
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors disclosed a liquid droplet ejecting apparatus including: a tank storing a liquid; a nozzle from which the liquid is ejected in the form of a droplet; a first pressure-feed portion which is disposed between the tank and the nozzle, and pressurefeeds the liquid as supplied from the tank, to eject the liquid from the nozzle.
Abstract: There is disclosed a liquid droplet ejecting apparatus including: a tank storing a liquid; a nozzle from which the liquid is ejected in the form of a droplet; a first pressure-feed portion which is disposed between the tank and the nozzle, and pressure-feeds the liquid as supplied from the tank, to eject the liquid droplet from the nozzle; a second pressure-feed portion which has an inner volume larger than that of the first pressure-feed portion, and is disposed between the tank and the first pressure-feed portion, the second pressure-feed portion pressure-feeding the liquid as supplied from the tank to the nozzle via the first pressure-feed portion, to eject the liquid from the nozzle in an amount larger than an amount of the liquid ejected by the first pressure-feed portion as the liquid droplet; and the second pressure-feed portion including: a pressure chamber; a pressurizing member that pressurizes the liquid in the pressure chamber by decreasing an inner volume of the pressure chamber; and a liquid communication passage which holds the tank and the nozzle in communication with each other via the pressure chamber, and which includes a flow resistance generator which is disposed in at least one of a portion of the liquid communication passage between the tank and the pressure chamber, and a portion of the liquid communication passage between the pressure chamber and the nozzle, the flow resistance generator giving a flow resistance to the liquid as flowing in the at least one of the two portions of the liquid communication passage.

Patent
22 Jan 2008
TL;DR: In this article, the actuator is selectively operative to move the linkage to in turn move the nozzle door about the pivot between a plurality of positions, such as a stowed position, an intermediate position, and a thrust reverse position, to influence a bypass airflow through a fan bypass passage.
Abstract: A nozzle for use in a gas turbine engine includes a nozzle door having a first end, a second end opposed from the first end, and a pivot between the first end and the second end. A linkage connects to the nozzle door and to an actuator. The actuator is selectively operative to move the linkage to in turn move the nozzle door about the pivot between a plurality of positions, such as a stowed position, an intermediate position, and a thrust reverse position, to influence a bypass airflow through a fan bypass passage.