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Nozzle

About: Nozzle is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 158675 publications have been published within this topic receiving 893026 citations. The topic is also known as: spout.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, it was found that the insertion of small rectangular tabs into the jet flow on the nozzle perimeter was found to have a very profound effect on the jet development, resulting in the jet almost splitting in two with high velocity regions joining the tabs.
Abstract: In an attempt to explain the discrepancies that have been observed in the spread of nominally axisymmetric jets, an experimental investigation has been carried out in which the effects of a number of factors which it was thought might be important to jet development have been studied. These factors included the nozzle boundary-layer thickness, turbulence level and convergence. However, over the limited range of the tests, it was found that none of these factors had a very strong influence on the jet development. By contrast, the insertion of small rectangular tabs into the jet flow on the nozzle perimeter was found to have a very profound effect on the jet development. In particular, it was found that just two tabs produced gross distortions in the jet development resulting in the jet almost splitting in two with high velocity regions on either side of the diameter joining the tabs. Some explanations for this effect based on further tests with wedges are put forward.In addition to the measurements of the mean flow field, a few spectrum and correlation measurements are reported for jets both from a clean nozzle and also from a nozzle with two tabs. In the former tests, evidence additional to the results of other experimenters was found for the existence of flow structures which have some coherence around the entire circumference of the jet. It has been suggested that these ‘vortex rings’ or ‘puffs’ may be of some importance in producing jet noise and it seems that the effect of inserting tabs is to prevent the occurrence of these structures.

319 citations

Patent
25 May 1994
TL;DR: In this paper, a solenoid valve is used to detect the stroke moment of the needle needle as a precise signal of the commencement and termination of the injection and transmits it to the control device, where this actual value is compared with a desired value from performance characteristics and, if necessary, results in a correction of the controlling of the valve.
Abstract: A fuel-injection device has a pump working chamber (7) which can be supplied and discharged by means of a fuel line (13) provided with a solenoid valve (23). The pump working chamber (7) is connected to a fuel-injection valve (33). Control of the fuel injection is achieved by means of the opening or closing of the solenoid valve (23) during the delivery stroke of the pump piston (5). The solenoid valve (23) is controlled by a control device (51). A needle stroke transducer (61) is disposed at the nozzle needle of the fuel-injection valve (33) which, after a limit value is exceeded, detects the stroke moment of the nozzle needle as a precise signal of the commencement and termination, and therefore the quantity, of the fuel injection, and transmits it to the control device (51) where this actual value is compared with a desired value from performance characteristics and, if necessary, results in a correction of the controlling of the solenoid valve (23).

313 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the modal distribution of coherent structures evolving near the nozzle of a circular jet was studied experimentally and theoretically, with particular attention given to the effects produced on the instability modes by transverse curvature, flow divergence, inhomogeneous inflow conditions, and the detailed shape of the mean velocity profile.
Abstract: The modal distribution of coherent structures evolving near the nozzle of a circular jet was studied experimentally and theoretically, with particular attention given to the effects produced on the instability modes by transverse curvature, flow divergence, inhomogeneous inflow conditions, and the detailed shape of the mean velocity profile. Experiments were performed using a specially constructed air-jet facility; hot-wire anemometers were used in conjunction with Disa Model 55P11 sensors for flow measurements. The linear model used as a transfer function is capable of predicting the spectral distribution of the velocity perturbations in a jet. Consideration was also given to studies of leading nonlinear interactions generated by waves externally superimposed on an axisymmetric jet; theoretical predictions were verified experimentally.

304 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the effect of potato starch (10, 12.5, 15, 17.5 and 20 g/100 g) on the rheological properties and mechanical properties of lemon juice gels.
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to develop a new 3D printing food constructs based on lemon juice gel system. We investigated the effect of potato starch (10, 12.5, 15, 17.5 and 20 g/100 g) on the rheological properties and mechanical properties of lemon juice gels. Besides, the influence of printing parameters (nozzle height, nozzle diameter, extrusion rate and nozzle movement speed) on the quality of printed products were also studied. The results show that it is suitable to make the size of the nozzle height the same with that of the nozzle diameter, which could not be regarded as a key factor that affects print quality. An equation is proposed to explain the relationship between extrusion rate, nozzle diameter and nozzle movement speed. In this printing system, the 1 mm nozzle diameter, 24 mm3/s extrusion rate and 30 mm/s nozzle movement speed were found to be the optimal parameters to print 3D constructs matching the target geometry with fine resolution, more smooth surface texture, and fewer point defects with no compressed deformation.

303 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
20231,827
20223,448
20211,700
20203,921
20195,309
20186,486