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Nozzle

About: Nozzle is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 158675 publications have been published within this topic receiving 893026 citations. The topic is also known as: spout.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, particle motion and capture in continuous steel casters were simulated using a Lagrangian trajectory-tracking approach, based on time-dependent flow fields obtained from large-eddy simulations.
Abstract: Particle motion and capture in continuous steel casters were simulated using a Lagrangian trajectory-tracking approach, based on time-dependent flow fields obtained from large-eddy simulations (Part I of this article). A computation was first conducted on a water model of a full-scale standard slab caster, where measurements were available. It simulated the transport of 15,000 plastic particles and their removal by a screen positioned near the mold top surface. The computation shows the screenremoval fractions to be 27±5 pct for 0 to 10 seconds and 26±2 pct for 10 to 100 seconds, which agrees with previous measurements. The flow exiting the nozzle was relatively uniform, and turbulent motion in the domain was very chaotic, so particle removal did not depend on the initial location of particles introduced in the nozzle port. A computation of motion and capture of 40,000 small inclusions (10 and 40 µm) was then performed in an actual thin-slab steel caster. The particles moved through the mold region with an asymmetrical distribution, which was caused by transients in fluid turbulence in the lower recirculation region, rather than by inlet variations at the nozzle port. Only about 8 pct of these small particles were removed to the top surface. This removal fraction was independent of both particle size and density, likely because all the simulated particles were too small to deviate significantly from the surrounding fluid flow. Finally, the computational results were further processed to predict the ultimate distribution of impurity particles in the solid thin slab after a short burst of inclusions entered the mold. They were reprocessed to reveal the distribution of total oxygen content for a steady inclusion supply from the nozzle. The results of this work confirm the important role of flow transients in the transport and capture of particles during continuous casting and can serve as a benchmark for future simplified models.

81 citations

Patent
30 Mar 2010
TL;DR: A mixing chamber has a first inlet through which a first fluid is fed to the mixing chamber, and a second inlet extends and is operative to inject a second fluid into a stream of the first fluid as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: A method and apparatus for mixing fluids, such as beverage syrup and water, uses countercurrent injection to improve blending of the fluids. A mixing chamber has a first inlet through which a first fluid is fed to the mixing chamber, and a second inlet through which a countercurrent injection nozzle extends and is operative to inject a second fluid into a stream of the first fluid. The countercurrent injection nozzle is equipped with a check valve to control the flow of fluid into the mixing chamber. The mixing chamber may include additional inlets that may be fitted with countercurrent injection nozzles to permit the countercurrent injection of other fluid, such as flavorings, into the stream of the first fluid.

81 citations

Patent
08 Nov 1993
TL;DR: In this article, a shop air mixture with liquid nitrogen is used for precooling the shop air and then directing the resulting mixture of gases into the cavity and toward the nozzle, in order to enhance the efficiency of converting liquid CO 2 into CO 2 snow particles.
Abstract: A nozzle expels liquid CO 2 through an orifice for converting the liquid into CO 2 snow. The nozzle is contained within an elongated cavity within a body which in turn is coupled to an exhaust nozzle for directing the CO 2 snow toward a workpiece. A mixing device is provided for receiving and mixing pressurized air at ambient temperature with liquid nitrogen for precooling the air and then directing the resulting mixture of gases into the cavity and toward the nozzle. In this manner, the precooled shop air will enhance the efficiency of the conversion of the liquid CO 2 into CO 2 snow particles.

81 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
20231,827
20223,448
20211,700
20203,921
20195,309
20186,486