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Topic

Nozzle

About: Nozzle is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 158675 publications have been published within this topic receiving 893026 citations. The topic is also known as: spout.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Air induction and twin-fluid nozzle designs have been found to have a performance that is more sensitive to changes in spray liquid properties compared with hydraulic pressure nozzles and to exhibit trends that are different from those of conventional nozzle types.

218 citations

Patent
17 Aug 1994
TL;DR: In this paper, an electric heating device that forms a heating air generator arranged in a channel is provided with an outlet nozzle for introducing the heated air into the chamber after the air runs through the heating device and absorbs heat energy.
Abstract: A device is disclosed for smoking tobacco or another smoking product (13) or for inhaling aerosols released by corresponding substances when they are heated. The substance that constitutes the smoking product is shredded, granulated or otherwise crushed. The smoking product contained in a reservoir (12) that forms a substantially closed chamber (16) is heated by convection by previously heated air up to a temperature below its glow temperature. An electric heating device (8) that forms a heating air generator (7) arranged in a channel is provided with an outlet nozzle (9) for introducing the heated air into the chamber after the air runs through the heating device and absorbs heat energy. The smoking product (13) is spread in a substantially even manner on a saucer-like surface (12) in the chamber (16). The outlet nozzle is arranged in such a way that the heated air that flows out of the nozzle flows directly on to the smoking product and heats it through up to a temperature close to but lower than its glow temperature.

218 citations

Patent
20 Apr 1992
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed to make it possible to discharge ink at low drive voltage by forming a weight part which comes in contact with an oscillation element at the tip of a leaf spring formed in one piece with a base between the oscillation elements and a nozzle orifice.
Abstract: PURPOSE:To make it possible to discharge ink at a low drive voltage by forming a weight part which comes in contact with an oscillation element at the tip of a leaf spring formed in one piece with a base between the oscillation element and a nozzle orifice. CONSTITUTION:If a starting pulse is applied to a piezoelectric amplitude 2, a piezoelectric element 2 becomes stretched sharply and the weight part 1b of an amplitude conversion actuator is pressed by the end surface 2a of the piezoelectric element 2 to come close to a nozzle orifice 3a. If an ending pulse is applied, the piezoelectric element 2 becomes contracted instead of stretched. However, the weight part 1b further approaches the nozzle orifice 3a due to a cycle comprising the relationship between the spring properties of a leaf spring part 1a and the weight of the weight part 1b, as the movement of the weight part 1b in a nozzle orifice direction is not restricted by the piezoelectric element 2. Then the speed is reduced to 0 when the weight part 1b comes in contact with a nozzle plate 3. Next, the weight part 1b shifts to a restoration process due to the spring properties of the leaf spring part 1a and comes in contact with the end surface 2a of the piezoelectric element 2. Thus the device is initialized. A pressure generates due to the oscillation of this movement and ink 4 is discharged from the nozzle orifice 3a in the form of ink droplets.

217 citations

Patent
27 May 1994
TL;DR: In this paper, an ink jet recording head with an accurate nozzle and a simple structure was obtained by vibrating a nozzle plate itself and injecting ink droplets, and the material 42 also formed an ink supply passage and supplied the ink of the injected quantity from the rear of the passage 3 to the chamber 1.
Abstract: PURPOSE:To obtain an inexpensive ink jet recording head having an accurate nozzle and a simple structure by vibrating a nozzle plate itself and injecting ink droplets. CONSTITUTION:A recording head 11 has a base material 42, and a piezoelectric element 4 for vibrating a nozzle plate 7. It has the head having one nozzle and one piezoelectric element, but may have pluralities of them. When a pulselike electric signal is applied to the element 4, pressure in a pressure chamber 1 is raised to inject ink droplets 6 from the nozzle 2. The material 42 also forms an ink supply passage 3, and supplies the ink of the injected quantity from the rear of the passage 3 to the chamber 1.

217 citations

Book ChapterDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the condensation effects of an isentropic expansion of a water vapor mixture in a supersonic nozzles operated with moist air.
Abstract: Publisher Summary In an isentropic expansion of a vapor mixture, the entropy of individual components is not necessarily constant In an expansion of moist air, the presence of water vapor may be neglected until condensation occurs The relative humidity of moist air during an expansion in a supersonic nozzle increases rapidly with increasing Mach number Saturation—with respect to equilibrium conditions—is reached for all normal humidities ahead of a nozzle throat The shocklike disturbances and pressure nonuniformities, which are seen near the throat of a supersonic nozzle operated with moist air, are because of the condensation of the water vapor and the attendant heat release in the flow Actual condensation is nearly always observed at supersonic speeds, which demonstrates that before condensing, the water vapor is in a highly supersaturated state Finally, it is apparent that the prediction of condensation effects in nozzles operated with moist air is a subject for kinetic theory However, once the condensation environment is known, thermodynamic and fluid dynamic considerations will be applicable

217 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
20231,827
20223,448
20211,700
20203,921
20195,309
20186,486