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Nozzle

About: Nozzle is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 158675 publications have been published within this topic receiving 893026 citations. The topic is also known as: spout.


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Patent
06 Nov 1996
TL;DR: An improved extrusion-based manufacturing system includes one or more extruders, with each extruder containing at least two stages of increasing pressurization as discussed by the authors, where the first stage is created by the motion of a solid wafer (314) of thermoplastic through an orifice (316) into a heater chamber and the second stage is provided by a conical viscosity pump (330).
Abstract: An improved extrusion-based manufacturing system includes one or more extruders, with each extruder containing at least two stages of increasing pressurization. In one of preferred embodiments, a first stage of pressurization is created by the motion of a solid wafer (314) of thermoplastic through an orifice (316) into a heater chamber (318), and a second stage of pressurization is provided by a conical viscosity pump (330), with extrusion material from the first stage pressurization maintaining a flow of thermoplastic fluid (320) through a communication channel (322) and fits into a rotary impeller (332) which a variable speed motor (336) rotates in a female collet (334) to drive the fluid extrusion material towards and out of a removable nozzle (338) and orifice (340) and all expected pump rates.

186 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, an experimental study of a steam-ejector refrigerator using an ejector with a primary nozzle that could be moved axially within the mixing chamber section was performed.
Abstract: This paper describes an experimental study of a steam-ejector refrigerator using an ejector with a primary nozzle that could be moved axially within the mixing chamber section. The effects on coefficient of performance and cooling capacity produced by adjusting the position of the nozzle were studied. The experimental rig and method are described and results are presented which clearly show the benefit of using such a primary nozzle.

186 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a computational fluid dynamics cavitation model based on the Eulerian-Lagrangian approach and suitable for hole-type diesel injector nozzles is presented and discussed.
Abstract: A computational fluid dynamics cavitation model based on the Eulerian–Lagrangian approach and suitable for hole-type diesel injector nozzles is presented and discussed. The model accounts for a number of primary physical processes pertinent to cavitation bubbles, which are integrated into the stochastic framework of the model. Its predictive capability has been assessed through comparison of the calculated onset and development of cavitation inside diesel nozzle holes against experimental data obtained in real-size and enlarged models of single- and multi-hole nozzles. For the real-size nozzle geometry, high-speed cavitation images obtained under realistic injection pressures are compared against model predictions, whereas for the large-scale nozzle, validation data include images from a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera, computed tomography (CT) measurements of the liquid volume fraction and laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV) measurements of the liquid mean and root mean square (r.m.s.) velocities at different cavitation numbers (CN) and two needle lifts, corresponding to different cavitation regimes inside the injection hole. Overall, and on the basis of this validation exercise, it can be argued that cavitation modelling has reached a stage of maturity, where it can usefully identify many of the cavitation structures present in internal nozzle flows and their dependence on nozzle design and flow conditions.

186 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of the above parameters on grinding performance such as grinding forces and surface roughness have been investigated through experiment and modeling, and the results show that the setting location of the nozzle is an important factor regarding the effective application of MQL oil mist.
Abstract: Promising alternatives to conventional dry and fluid coolant applications are minimum quantity lubricant (MQL) or near dry grinding. Despite several researches, there have been a few investigations about the influence of MQL parameters on the process results, such as oil flow rate, air pressure, MQL nozzle position and distance from the wheel–workpiece contact zone. The current study aims to show through experiment and modeling, the effects of the above parameters on grinding performance such as grinding forces and surface roughness. The results show that the setting location of the nozzle is an important factor regarding the effective application of MQL oil mist. It has been shown that optimal grinding results can be obtained when the MQL nozzle is positioned angularly toward the wheel (at approximately 10–20° to the workpiece surface). In addition, it is found that the efficient transportation of oil droplets to the contact zone requires higher mass flow rate of the oil mist towards the grains flat area and longer deposition distance of an oil droplet. Applying the new setup, considerable reduction in the grinding forces and surface roughness has been achieved.

186 citations

Patent
03 Sep 1996
TL;DR: In this paper, a thermal reactor system that produces nanoscale powders by ultra-rapid thermal quench processing of high-temperature vapors through a boundary-layer converging-diverging nozzle is described.
Abstract: A thermal reactor system that produces nanoscale powders by ultra-rapid thermal quench processing of high-temperature vapors through a boundary-layer converging-diverging nozzle. A gas suspension of precursor material is continuously fed to a thermal reaction chamber and vaporized under conditions that minimize superheating and favor nucleation of the resulting vapor. According to one aspect of the invention, the high temperature vapor is quenched using the principle of Joule-Thompson adiabatic expansion. Immediately after the initial nucleation stages, the vapor stream is passed through the nozzle and rapidly quenched through expansion at rates of at least 1,000° C. per second, preferably greater than 1,000,000° C. per second, to block the continued growth of the nucleated particles and produce a nanosize powder suspension of narrow particle-size distribution. According to another aspect of the invention, a gaseous boundary-layer stream is injected to form a blanket over the internal surface of the nozzle to prevent vapor condensation in the throat of the nozzle and its potential failure.

184 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
20231,827
20223,448
20211,700
20203,921
20195,309
20186,486