Nozzle

About: Nozzle is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 158675 publications have been published within this topic receiving 893026 citations. The topic is also known as: spout.

Inkjet printhead having a self aligned nozzle

Abstract: An inkjet printing arrangement having a series of nozzles for the ejection of ink wherein the nozzle rims are formed as a result of the deposition of a rim material layer and a subsequent planar etching of the material layer so as to form the nozzle rim. The planar etching can comprise chemical-mechanical planarization of the rim material layer and any associated sacrificial layers.

Drop Size Distributions for Irrigation Sprinklers

Abstract: A set of drop size distribution data is presented covering a wide range of sprinkler types including single nozzle impact sprinklers with straight bore and square nozzles, and sprayheads with various types of deflector plates. Drop sizes were measured by the laser-optical method and comparisons with other types of drop size measurement techniques are presented. Distributions are parameterized with an exponential function, and a method is provided to estimate the parameters given the sprinkler type, nozzle size, and pressure head.

Numerical assessment of steam ejector efficiencies using CFD

Abstract: Ejector efficiencies for the primary nozzle, suction, mixing and diffuser were determined for the first time, according to their definitions, using an axi-symmetric CFD model. Water was considered as working fluid and the operating conditions were selected in a range that would be suitable for an air-conditioner powered by solar thermal energy. Ejector performance was estimated for different nozzle throat to constant section area ratios. The results indicated the existence of an optimal ratio, depending on operating conditions. Ejector efficiencies were calculated for different operating conditions. It was found that while nozzle efficiency can be considered as constant, the efficiencies related to the suction, mixing and diffuser sections of the ejector depend on operating conditions.

Analysis of Flow and Cavitation Phenomena in Diesel Injection Nozzles and Its Effects on Spray and Mixture Formation

Abstract: In modern DI Diesel engines the raw emissions of NOx and soot are affected, apart from the fuel injection rate, by atomization of the liquid jet and mixing of the fuel with the combustion air. Thereby details of the fuel flow inside the injection nozzle play an essential role. In order to determine the general mechanisms and the effect of individual nozzle configuration parameters on the fuel atomization and the fuel spray propagation, methods for optical diagnostics and CFD have been developed at the DaimlerChrysler Research. These methods are combined with an analysis of the injection system hydraulics and linked to a detailed analysis of mixture formation and combustion inside an optically accessible engine. The first part of the paper methods for the experimental investigation with transparent 1- and 6- hole nozzles in real size geometries under high pressure conditions are described. Special emphasis is put on CFD methods for modeling the cavitating two phase nozzle flow. In the second part the processes occurring in a sac hole nozzle of a common rail injector during the complete injection event are discussed. The influences of the spray hole position, inlet rounding and conical shape of the spray hole are presented. Finally a comparison between a needle lift controlled (CR = common rail) and a pressure controlled (PLN = pump line nozzle) injection system is made.