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Topic

Nozzle

About: Nozzle is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 158675 publications have been published within this topic receiving 893026 citations. The topic is also known as: spout.


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Patent
04 Sep 2001
TL;DR: A two-stage fuel nozzle assembly for a gas turbine engine is described in this article, where the primary combustion region is centrally positioned and includes a fuel injector that is surrounded by one or more swirl chambers to provide a fuel air mixture that is ignited to define a first stage combustion zone.
Abstract: A two-stage fuel nozzle assembly for a gas turbine engine. The primary combustion region is centrally positioned and includes a fuel injector that is surrounded by one or more swirl chambers to provide a fuel air mixture that is ignited to define a first stage combustion zone. A secondary combustion region is provided by an annular housing that surrounds the primary combustion region, and it includes a secondary fuel injector having a radially outwardly directed opening and surrounded by an annular ring that includes openings for providing a swirl chamber for the secondary combustion region. Cooling air is directed angularly between the primary and secondary combustion zones to delay intermixing and thereby allow more complete combustion of the respective zones prior to their coalescing further downstream. The primary combustion region is activated during idle and low engine power conditions and both the primary and secondary combustion regions are activated during high engine power conditions.

109 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a comparative study of two types of spray sprinklers was performed, i.e., rotating spray plate sprinklers (RSPSs) and fixed spray plateSprinkler (FSPSs), in open field conditions.
Abstract: A comparative study of two types of spray sprinklers was performed. Rotating spray plate sprinklers (RSPSs) and fixed spray plate sprinklers (FSPSs) were evaluated individually in open field conditions. The water distribution, wind drift, and evaporation losses during the evaluations were measured under low, medium, and high wind speed conditions with three nozzle diameters and two nozzle heights above the soil surface. Individual spray sprinkler water distributions were mathematically overlapped to simulate the water distribution resulting from sprinkler machines. The water distribution of the RSPS had a conical shape, whereas the FSPS concentrated the water application in a circular crown. The uniformity coefficient of the simulated water application in sprinkler machines fitted with RSPSs or FSPSs was >93% in all cases. However, the RSPS could attain a higher uniformity coefficient at higher spacing along the lateral. For the nozzle diameters of 6.7 and 7.9 mm, the wetted width produced by the RSPS was...

109 citations

Patent
03 May 1984
TL;DR: A flow cytometry apparatus includes a transparent liquid flow chamber and a nozzle for providing a stream of particles, to be analyzed, through the flow chamber as discussed by the authors, where a light source is provided along with a lens for focusing the light from the source at a region within which the particles pass and for collecting light associated with those particles.
Abstract: A flow cytometry apparatus includes a transparent liquid flow chamber and a nozzle for providing a stream of particles, to be analyzed, through the flow chamber. A light source is provided along with a lens for focusing the light from the source at a region within the flow chamber through which the particles pass and for collecting light associated with those particles. Photoreceptors and the like are provided for detecting one or more characteristics of the particles related to light which strikes the particles. A spring or like biasing member provides and maintains stability between the lens and the flow chamber to particularly stabilize the relative axial position of the flow chamber and the lens.

108 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A review of the fluid dynamics of inkjet printing can be found in this paper , where the main challenges for present and future research are discussed both on the printhead side and on the receiving substrate side.
Abstract: Inkjet printing is the most widespread technological application of microfluidics. It is characterized by its high drop productivity, small volumes, and extreme reproducibility. This review gives a synopsis of the fluid dynamics of inkjet printing and discusses the main challenges for present and future research. These lie both on the printhead side—namely, the detailed flow inside the printhead, entrained bubbles, the meniscus dynamics, wetting phenomena at the nozzle plate, and jet formation—and on the receiving substrate side—namely, droplet impact, merging, wetting of the substrate, droplet evaporation, and drying. In most cases the droplets are multicomponent, displaying rich physicochemical hydrodynamic phenomena. The challenges on the printhead side and on the receiving substrate side are interwoven, as optimizing the process and the materials with respect to either side alone is not enough: As the same ink (or other jetted liquid) is used and as droplet frequency and size matter on both sides, the process must be optimized as a whole.

108 citations

Patent
16 Jun 1990
TL;DR: In this article, an improved nozzle for beverage dispenser assures a high flow rate (for example, approximately 6 oz/sec or more), while maintaining a high quality beverage, and an accumulator chamber reduces the turbulence of the incoming liquid to reduce carbonation loss.
Abstract: An improved nozzle for beverage dispenser assures a high flow rate (for example, approximately 6 oz/sec or more), while maintaining a high quality beverage. An accumulator chamber reduces the turbulence of the incoming liquid to reduce carbonation loss. The nozzle converts high upstream liquid velocities to very low liquid velocities within the nozzle without an attendant high pressure loss across the nozzle. The nozzle is provided with a syrup accumulator chamber and a wide orifice syrup diverter which allow syrup to gently mix with a first portion of soda water substantially simultaneously during the dispense cycle and at substantially the same relative velocity. Thereafter the mixture of syrup and the first portion of soda water is mixed with a second portion of soda water.

108 citations


Network Information
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
20231,827
20223,448
20211,700
20203,921
20195,309
20186,486