Topic
Nuclear DNA
About: Nuclear DNA is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 3933 publications have been published within this topic receiving 185830 citations.
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TL;DR: A new and hitherto unexpected mechanism of control influencing the activity of E2F which is mediated at the level of intracellular location through a dependence on heterodimer formation for nuclear translocation is characterised.
Abstract: The cellular transcription factor E2F plays a critical role in integrating cell cycle progression with the transcription apparatus by virtue of a physical interaction and control by key regulators of the cell cycle, such as pRb, cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases. Generic E2F DNA binding activity arises when a member of two families of proteins, E2F and DP, form heterodimeric complexes, an interaction which results in co-operative transcriptional and DNA binding activity. Here, we characterise a new and hitherto unexpected mechanism of control influencing the activity of E2F which is mediated at the level of intracellular location through a dependence on heterodimer formation for nuclear translocation. Nuclear accumulation is dramatically influenced by two distinct processes: alternative splicing of a nuclear localization signal and subunit composition of the E2F heterodimer. These data define a new level of control in the E2F transcription factor whereby interplay between subunits dictates the levels of nuclear DNA binding activity.
76 citations
TL;DR: Single-cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE, comet assay) provides a very sensitive method for detecting strand breaks and measuring repair kinetics at the level of single cells, and enables the study of different DNA repair pathways such as base excision and nucleotide excision repair.
Abstract: Publisher Summary Single-cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE, comet assay) provides a very sensitive method for detecting strand breaks and measuring repair kinetics at the level of single cells. The SCGE assay is a particularly valuable technique because it allows the detection of intercellular differences in DNA damage and repair in any eukaryotic cell population. A variety of possible modifications of the assay facilitates the detection of single-stranded DNA breaks and alkali labile sites, double-stranded DNA breaks, incomplete excision repair sites, and interstrand cross-links, and increases the specificity and sensitivity of the assay. Moreover, it enables the study of different DNA repair pathways such as base excision and nucleotide excision repair. In addition, DNA fragmentation associated with cell death or related to apoptosis can be evaluated with the comet assay. There is also a great variety of DNA damaging agents that can be used to study DNA damage and repair with the comet assay procedure.
76 citations
TL;DR: There is the first evidence of induction of mutations in mitochondrial DNA by treatment of human cells with a carcinogen by analysing the frequency and spectrum of spontaneous and UV-induced mutations by restriction site mutation (RSM) method in a restriction endonuclease site.
76 citations
TL;DR: Results suggest a tandem arrangement of this DNA repeat unit, which comprised about 2% of the nuclear genome of N. tabacum, and computer comparisons with other tandem plant-repeated DNA sequences could not detect any other homologous sequence.
Abstract: HRS60.1, a monomer unit (184 bp) of a highly repeated nuclear DNA sequence of Nicotiana tabacum, has been cloned and sequenced. Following BamHI digestion of tobacco DNA, Southern hybridization with HRS60.1 revealed a ladder of hybridization bands corresponding to multiples of the basic monomer unit. If the tobacco DNA was digested with restriction endonucleases which have no target site in HRS60.1, the larger part of DNA homologous to HRS60.1 remained as uncleaved “relic” DNA. These results suggest a tandem arrangement of this DNA repeat unit. Four other clones of tobacco nuclear DNA cross-hybridized with HRS60.1, thus forming a “HRS60-family”. Sequencing their inserts has shown their strong mutual homology. HRS60-family comprised about 2% of the nuclear genome of N. tabacum. Computer comparisons with other tandem plant-repeated DNA sequences could not detect any other homologous sequence.
76 citations
TL;DR: Haploid nuclear DNA of 23 species of Aedes, as determined by Feulgen cytophotometry, was found to vary 3-fold, accompanied by a 2-fold variation in total chromosomal length.
Abstract: Haploid nuclear DNA of 23 species of Aedes, as determined by Feulgen cytophotometry, was found to vary 3-fold. This was accompanied by a 2-fold variation in total chromosomal length. There was a significant correlation (r = 0·765, P<0·001) between these two parameters. Genome size varied from 0·87 pg to 1·3 pg among 10 strains of Aedes albopictus, from wide geographic regions. Large scale differences in chromosomal DNA amounts have accompanied speciation and evolution in aedine mosquitoes.
76 citations