Topic
Nuclear DNA
About: Nuclear DNA is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 3933 publications have been published within this topic receiving 185830 citations.
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TL;DR: In a human disorder, Cockayne syndrome, characterized by premature aging, there appear to be deficiencies in the repair of oxidative DNA damage in the nuclear DNA, and this may be the major underlying cause of the disease.
67 citations
TL;DR: The relationship of cell volume to G1 DNA content was determined among selected members of the genus Thalassiosira, one of the most species‐rich and well‐studied centric diatom genera, and both minimum and maximum species‐specific cell volume correlated positively with G1DNA content.
Abstract: The enormous species diversity of diatoms correlates with the remarkable range of cell sizes in this group. Nuclear DNA content relates fundamentally to cell volume in other eukaryotic cells. The relationship of cell volume to G1 DNA content was determined among selected members of the genus Thalassiosira, one of the most species-rich and well-studied centric diatom genera. Both minimum and maximum species-specific cell volume correlated positively with G1 DNA content. Phylogeny based on 5.8 S and ITS rDNA sequences indicated that multiple changes in G1 DNA content and cell volume occurred in Thalassiosira evolution, leading to a 1,000-fold range in both parameters in the group. Within the Thalassiosira weissflogii (Grunow) G. A. Fryxell et Grunow species complex, G1 DNA content varied 3-fold: differences related to geographic origin and time since isolation; doubling and tripling of G1 DNA content occurred since isolation in certain T. weissflogii isolates; and subcultures of T. weissflogii CCMP 1336 diverged in DNA content by 50% within 7 years of separation. Actin, beta-tubulin, and Spo11/TopVIA genes were selected for quantitative PCR estimation of haploid genome size in subclones of selected T. weissflogii isolates because they occur only once in the T. pseudonana Hasle et Heimdal genome. Comparison of haploid genome size estimates with G1 DNA content suggested that the most recent T. weissflogii isolate was diploid, whereas other T. weissflogii isolates appeared to be polyploid and/or aneuploid. Aberrant meiotic and mitotic cell divisions were observed, which might relate to polyploidization. The structural flexibility of diatom genomes has important implications for their evolutionary diversification and stability during laboratory maintenance.
67 citations
TL;DR: Thymidine triphosphate-2-C14 and other deoxynucleoside Triphosphates are incorporated into the DNA of isolated mitochondria from rat liver cells and have the properties of mitochondrial rather than nuclear DNA, and end-group studies indicate labeling of the interior of the molecule.
Abstract: Thymidine triphosphate-2-C(14) and other deoxynucleoside triphosphates are incorporated into the DNA of isolated mitochondria from rat liver cells. The reaction is partially dependent on the other deoxynucleoside triphosphates and proceeds in the virtual absence of bacteria. The product has the properties of mitochondrial rather than nuclear DNA, and end-group studies indicate labeling of the interior of the molecule.
67 citations
TL;DR: Using highly sensitive immunoanalytical methods to detect specific DNA alkylation products, active removal of O6-ethyl-2'-deoxyguanosine (O6-EtdGuo) is found from rat liver mitochondrial DNA after pulse-exposure to N- methyl-N-nitrosourea in vivo.
67 citations
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that mammalian mitochondria efficiently remove 8-oxoG from their genome, and that the efficiency of 8-OxoG incision increases with age in rats and mice, yet 8- oxoG accumulates in mtDNA during aging.
67 citations