Topic
Nuclear DNA
About: Nuclear DNA is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 3933 publications have been published within this topic receiving 185830 citations.
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TL;DR: The hypothesis discussed here is that a major component of aging in metazoans is oxidative damage to nuclear DNA, consistent with the fact that all of the thus far identified premature aging syndromes in mammals involve mutations in nuclear proteins.
66 citations
TL;DR: In the course of evolution, mitochondria lost their independence, and mitochondrial DNA became the ‘slave’ of nuclear DNA, depending on numerous nucleus‐encoded factors for its integrity, replication and expression.
Abstract: In the course of evolution, mitochondria lost their independence, and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) became the 'slave' of nuclear DNA, depending on numerous nucleus-encoded factors for its integrity, replication and expression. Mutations in any of these factors may alter the cross-talk between the two genomes and cause Mendelian disorders characterized by qualitative (multiple deletions) or quantitative (depletion) alterations of mtDNA, or by defective translation of mtDNA-encoded respiratory chain components.
66 citations
TL;DR: A new class of D2A (one-donor-two-acceptor) near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence switch-on probe named quinone cyanine–dithiazole (QCy–DT) based on the distinctive internal charge transfer (ICT) process for minor groove recognition of AT-rich DNA is designed.
Abstract: In molecular biology, understanding the functional and structural aspects of DNA requires sequence-specific DNA binding probes. Especially, sequence-specific fluorescence probes offer the advantage of real-time monitoring of the conformational and structural reorganization of DNA in living cells. Herein, we designed a new class of D2A (one-donor-two-acceptor) near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence switch-on probe named quinone cyanine-dithiazole ( QCY-DT: ) based on the distinctive internal charge transfer (ICT) process for minor groove recognition of AT-rich DNA. Interestingly, QCY-DT: exhibited strong NIR-fluorescence enhancement in the presence of AT-rich DNA compared to GC-rich and single-stranded DNAs. We show sequence-specific minor groove recognition of QCY-DT: for DNA containing 5'-AATT-3' sequence over other variable (A/T)4 sequences and local nucleobase variation study around the 5'-X(AATT)Y-3' recognition sequence revealed that X = A and Y = T are the most preferable nucleobases. The live cell imaging studies confirmed mammalian cell permeability, low-toxicity and selective staining capacity of nuclear DNA without requiring RNase treatment. Further, Plasmodium falciparum with an AT-rich genome showed specific uptake with a reasonably low IC50 value (<4 µM). The ease of synthesis, large Stokes shift, sequence-specific DNA minor groove recognition with switch-on NIR-fluorescence, photostability and parasite staining with low IC50 make QCY-DT: a potential and commercially viable DNA probe.
66 citations
TL;DR: DNA intermediates studied in the synthesis of adenovirus type 2 deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) were of viral origin and were made at a stage of the cell cycle when host DNA is not synthesized.
Abstract: Intermediates in the synthesis of adenovirus type 2 deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) were studied in HeLa cells. Pieces of DNA smaller than the viral genome were demonstrated after labeling with (3)H-thymidine for 10 to 240 sec. Intermediates as small as the Okazaki fragments (8 to 10S) do not predominate at any of the above times. No detectable addition of nucleotides to parental genome could be shown, nor was there any breakdown of recently synthesized viral DNA. The DNA intermediates were of viral origin for they hybridized to viral DNA and were made at a stage of the cell cycle (G(2)) when host DNA is not synthesized.
66 citations
TL;DR: It is shown here that unscheduled DNA synthesis following exposure of HeLa cells to ultraviolet light also takes place at this sub-structure, and that ultraviolet irradiation grossly reorganizes nuclear DNA, arresting S-phase synthesis at the cage and leaving the residual synthesis highly localized.
Abstract: In mammalian cells, S-phase DNA synthesis occurs at sites fixed to a sub-nuclear structure, the nuclear matrix or cage. This is an ordered network of non-histone proteins, which maintains its essential morphology even in the absence of DNA. We show here that unscheduled DNA synthesis following exposure of HeLa cells to ultraviolet light also takes place at this sub-structure. We also show that ultraviolet irradiation grossly reorganizes nuclear DNA, arresting S-phase synthesis at the cage and leaving the residual synthesis highly localized.
66 citations