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Nuclear DNA

About: Nuclear DNA is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 3933 publications have been published within this topic receiving 185830 citations.


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Journal ArticleDOI
01 Dec 1991-Cancer
TL;DR: Intratumoral heterogeneity in DNA ploidy was investigated in 23 cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus; in addition to a diploid population, one to four heterogeneous aneuploid subpopulations were discernible in the same tumor.
Abstract: Intratumoral heterogeneity in DNA ploidy was investigated in 23 cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. Nuclear DNA content was determined for multiple samples taken from the same tumor, using a flow cytometric technique. The incidence of DNA aneuploidy was 87% in this series, and DNA indices ranged from 0.78 to 2.64 but most of them fell within values between 1 and 2. Of these cases ten (43.5%) showed intratumoral heterogeneity in DNA ploidy; in addition to a diploid population, one to four heterogeneous aneuploid subpopulations were discernible in the same tumor. However, morphologic variation was minimal within the same tumor. DNA index seen in metastatic lesions was identical with one of those in the primary lesion. Mechanisms responsible for intratumoral difference in DNA ploidy are also discussed from the aspect of tumor progression.

47 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Nov 1970-Heredity
TL;DR: Whether the gain or loss of nuclear DNA associated with the evolution of these Allium species is random with respect to base ratio or, conversely, biased and restricted to DNA of particular base composition is questioned.
Abstract: IN living organisms genetic information is stored in the form of DNA. Differences in genetic information result from changes in the sequence of bases in the polynucleotide chains. Gross changes in the base sequence are usually, although not always, accompanied by changes in the overall base composition. Organisms which are genetically very closely related will have much the same DNA base composition. Organisms which are distantly related or quite unrelated may, or on the other hand may not, have widely different base compositions. Between species of micro-organisms the base composition varies widely. In bacteria, for example, the GC content ranges from 25 to 75 per cent. (Belozersky and Spirin, 1960; Sueoka, 1961). A correspondence between genetic relationship and base composition has proved useful in the taxonomy of this group. Between species of higher plants the base composition, in sharp contrast, shows a much narrower range, with GC values of from 35 to 49 per cent. (Belozersky, 1961). There is no indication as yet that base composition will prove as useful in higher plant taxonomy as in bacteria. The range in base composition is, perhaps, too narrow. However, information on base composition in higher plants is limited. Further investigations may reveal a wider range in base ratios than the 14 per cent. established to date. The following is an account of measurements of nuclear DNA base composition in twenty Alliurn species and of a few species in other genera of the same family, the Liliaceae. The measurements are based on a method which gives substantially greater accuracy than was previously possible (Kirk, 1967). The purpose of the survey was, first, to determine to what extent species within the genus A Ilium vary in respect of their nuclear DNA base composition. Second, to ascertain whether differences in base composition are correlated with differences in nuclear DNA amount. The latter is of special interest because in A Ilium, as in other Angiosperm genera, the nuclear DNA amount varies considerably between species (Rees, Cameron Hazarika and Jones, 1966; Jones and Rees, 1969). The question arises, therefore, as to whether the gain or loss of nuclear DNA associated with the evolution of these Allium species is random with respect to base ratio or, conversely, biased and restricted to DNA of particular base composition.

47 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
06 Sep 2001-Nature
TL;DR: It is shown here that genealogies of mtDNA and the female-specific W chromosome of a bird species are completely concordant, indicating that inheritance of mt DNA is free of detectable recombination effects over an evolutionary timescale.
Abstract: We have taken a new approach to test the commonly accepted, but recently questioned, principle of clonal inheritance of vertebrate mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) by relating its inheritance to a female-specific marker of nuclear DNA. Whereas this is impossible in organisms with male heterogamy (such as mammals), we show here that genealogies of mtDNA and the female-specific W chromosome of a bird species are completely concordant. Our results indicate that inheritance of mtDNA is free of detectable recombination effects over an evolutionary timescale.

47 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The restriction enzymes EcoR1, Hpa II and Hae III have been used to cleave nuclear DNA of Muntiacus muntjak and each enzyme gives rise to a different pattern which is characterized by the presence or absence of bands and by the type of distribution of most of the sequences cleaved.
Abstract: The restriction enzymes EcoR1, Hpa II and Hae III have been used to cleave nuclear DNA of Muntiacus muntjak Each enzyme gives rise to a different pattern Each pattern is characterized by the presence or absence of bands and by the type of distribution of most of the sequences cleaved Hpa II and Hae III cleave DNA segments which are CCGG and GGCC respectively but they produce quite different patterns with the same DNA Hpa II builds a gradient of large molecules concentrated mainly between 110times103 and 600 base pairs whereas Hae III forms a smear of small molecules concentrated mainly between 34times103 and 200 base pairs This difference in pattern is characteristic of the DNA of over 30 eukaryotic species so far investigated The action of Hae III on fixed metaphase chromosomes of M muntjak leads to the appearance of a “hairy” structure and a chromomere pattern which is not present in the controls and which does not show up after EcoR1 treatment The effect of the enzyme on the chromosomes is not understood at present

47 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
23 Sep 2013-PLOS ONE
TL;DR: Far from the hypothesis that mtDNA variation is neutral, this work shows that mitochondrial polymorphism can have a strong impact on fitness components and hence on the evolutionary fate of the yeast populations, while respiratory environments may increase the probability to fix Sc-mtDNA.
Abstract: In eukaryotes, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has high rate of nucleotide substitution leading to different mitochondrial haplotypes called mitotypes. However, the impact of mitochondrial genetic variant on phenotypic variation has been poorly considered in microorganisms because mtDNA encodes very few genes compared to nuclear DNA, and also because mitochondrial inheritance is not uniparental. Here we propose original material to unravel mitotype impact on phenotype: we produced interspecific hybrids between S. cerevisiae and S. uvarum species, using fully homozygous diploid parental strains. For two different interspecific crosses involving different parental strains, we recovered 10 independent hybrids per cross, and allowed mtDNA fixation after around 80 generations. We developed PCR-based markers for the rapid discrimination of S. cerevisiae and S. uvarum mitochondrial DNA. For both crosses, we were able to isolate fully isogenic hybrids at the nuclear level, yet possessing either S. cerevisiae mtDNA (Sc-mtDNA) or S. uvarum mtDNA (Su-mtDNA). Under fermentative conditions, the mitotype has no phenotypic impact on fermentation kinetics and products, which was expected since mtDNA are not necessary for fermentative metabolism. Alternatively, under respiratory conditions, hybrids with Sc-mtDNA have higher population growth performance, associated with higher respiratory rate. Indeed, far from the hypothesis that mtDNA variation is neutral, our work shows that mitochondrial polymorphism can have a strong impact on fitness components and hence on the evolutionary fate of the yeast populations. We hypothesize that under fermentative conditions, hybrids may fix stochastically one or the other mt-DNA, while respiratory environments may increase the probability to fix Sc-mtDNA.

47 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
202361
202284
202177
202064
201966
201862