Topic
Nuclear DNA
About: Nuclear DNA is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 3933 publications have been published within this topic receiving 185830 citations.
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TL;DR: The isolation by molecular cloning of a ‘border fragment’ T- DNA and flanking plant DNA from the crown gall teratoma BT37 is reported and it is shown that T-DNA is covalently joined to a repeated DNA element of the tobacco nuclear genome.
Abstract: Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains containing tumour-inducing (Ti) plasmids1–3 incite cancerous growths called crown galls when inoculated into wounded dicotyledonous plants. Tumour tissue can be cultured axenically in vitro, and exhibits a transformed phenotype in the absence of the inciting bacterium. Transformed cells grow autonomously, are auxin and cytokinin autotrophic in vitro4 and synthesize opines5–8, novel amino acid derivatives dictated by Ti plasmid genetic information9–11. A small segment of the Ti plasmid, termed T-DNA is maintained in axenic tumour cells12–19. Mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA from a crown gall teratoma are free from T-DNA, whereas nuclear DNA contains T-DNA in amounts similar to that in total tumour cell DNA20,21. T-DNA appears to be attached to what is presumably plant DNA in the crown gall tumour cell: Southern blot analysis22 of tumour DNA digested with restriction endonucleases reveals T-DNA fragments that are not fully homologous to Ti plasmid DNA14,17,21. We report here the isolation by molecular cloning of a ‘border fragment’ T-DNA and flanking plant DNA from the crown gall teratoma BT37 and show that T-DNA is covalently joined to a repeated DNA element of the tobacco nuclear genome.
118 citations
TL;DR: Considerable differences in nuclear DNA content exist among Central European species of Cirsium on the diploid level and a negative relationship was detected between the genome size and the tendency to form natural interspecific hybrids.
118 citations
TL;DR: The brain has the highest mitochondrial energy demand of any organ, and subtle changes in mitochondrial energy production will preferentially affect the brain, so mitochondrial dysfunction may be central to the etiology of a wide spectrum of neurological diseases.
118 citations
TL;DR: It is shown that the renaturation rate of mitochondrial DNA is in good agreement with the earlier suggestion that the total genetic information in the mitochondrial population of chick liver is that contained in a double-stranded DNA molecule with a molecular weight of 10·106–11·106.
117 citations
TL;DR: Observations are evidence not only for semi-conservative replication of DNA as such, but also for the proposition of uninemy, i.e. that each chromatid of a eukaryote contains only one double helix of DNA.
Abstract: The first experimental evidence that the DNA of eukaryotic chromosomes replicates semi-conservatively was provided by Taylor et al., 1957. Root-tip cells of the broad bean, Vicia faba, were allowed to incorporate tritiated thymidine during a period of DNA synthesis (S-phase), were fixed at the following mitosis, and examined by autoradiography. Each labelled chromosome showed radio-activity in both chromatids. Cells similarly labelled, but followed by a time before fixation in the absence of precursor sufficient to complete another S-phase and to reach the next mitosis (i.e. the second mitosis after labelling) showed radioactivity in only one chromatid at any location along each chromosome. These observations, now known to be valid for all eukaryotic chromosomes that have been studied, are evidence not only for semi-conservative replication of DNA as such, but also for the proposition of uninemy, i.e. that each chromatid of a eukaryote contains only one double helix of DNA.
117 citations