Topic
Nuclear DNA
About: Nuclear DNA is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 3933 publications have been published within this topic receiving 185830 citations.
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TL;DR: The nucleotide composition of the ribosomal RNA of Euglena chloroplasts seems to be influenced by that of the chloroplast DNA, which appears to be about the same as that in an Escherichia coli cell.
96 citations
TL;DR: A purification scheme for mitochondrial DNA was designed which maximized the yield of all forms of the DNA while minimizing damage to the DNA during its isolation, and at doses of H2O2 which were just lethal, neither increased DNA damage nor inactivation of cytochrome c oxidase was observed.
96 citations
TL;DR: Comparison with previous reports from other methods for the physical investigation of nuclear genomes shows that flow cytometry of nuclei isolated from protoplasts is an accurate, convenient and robust technique to assay for genome sizes and base pair composition in marine macroalgae.
Abstract: The amounts of nuclear DNA in ten species of seaweeds belonging to the Rhodophyceae, Phaeophyceae, and Chlorophyceae were determined by flow cytometric analysis of nuclei isolated from protoplasts. Genome size was determined from the fluorescence of the nuclei stained with ethidium bromide. The size of the nuclear genome ranged from 0.13 pg per cell in the 1 C population ofUlva rigida to 3.40 pg per cell in the 2 C population ofSphacelaria sp. GC% analysis was based on staining with either Hoechst 33342 or mithramycin A, two fluorochromes specific for the bases A-T and G-C, respectively. Two models were used for the estimation of the proportion of guanine plus cytosine in the nuclear genome. The first one was based on the linear relationships mithramycin A fluorescence/G-C content and ethidium bromide fluorescence/total DNA content. The second model, based on the curvilinear relationships Hoechst 33342 fluorescence/A-T content and mithramycin A fluorescence/G-C content, resulted in comparatively more homogenous and consistent data and appears more accurate. Comparison with previous reports from other methods for the physical investigation of nuclear genomes shows that flow cytometry of nuclei isolated from protoplasts is an accurate, convenient and robust technique to assay for genome sizes and base pair composition in marine macroalgae.
96 citations
TL;DR: It is proposed that two standards for quality control of nuclear DNA content measurement are used in plant DNA image cytometry: the coefficient of variation of the peak should be lower than 6%, and the 4C/2C ratio should be between 1.9 and 2.1.
96 citations
TL;DR: Among strains sharing the same mtDNA haplotypes, multilocus nuclear genotypes were more similar than expected from a random comparison of nuclear DNA genotypes, suggesting that clonal proliferation of the mitochondrial genome was accompanied by clonaliferation of the nuclear genome.
Abstract: Previous analyses of diploid nuclear genotypes have concluded that recombination has occurred in populations of the yeast Candida albicans. To address the possibilities of clonality and recombination in an effectively haploid genome, we sequenced seven regions of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in 45 strains of C. albicans from human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients in Toronto, Canada, and 3 standard reference isolates of C. albicans, CA, CAI4, and WO-1. Among a total of 2,553 nucleotides in the seven regions, 62 polymorphic nucleotide sites and seven indels defined nine distinct mtDNA haplotypes among the 48 strains. Five of these haplotypes occurred in more than one strain, indicating clonal proliferation of mtDNA. Phylogenetic analysis of mtDNA haplotypes resulted in one most-parsimonious tree. Most of the nucleotide sites undergoing parallel change in this tree were clustered in blocks that corresponded to sequenced regions. Because of the existence of these blocks, the apparent homoplasy can be attributed to infrequent, past genetic exchange and recombination between individuals and cannot be attributed to parallel mutation. Among strains sharing the same mtDNA haplotypes, multilocus nuclear genotypes were more similar than expected from a random comparison of nuclear DNA genotypes, suggesting that clonal proliferation of the mitochondrial genome was accompanied by clonal proliferation of the nuclear genome.
96 citations