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Nuclear matter
About: Nuclear matter is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 10180 publications have been published within this topic receiving 248261 citations.
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TL;DR: It is shown that the stability and observed global properties of neutron stars cannot rule out the supersoft nuclear symmetry energies at suprasaturation densities, and the degree of possible violation of the inverse-square law of gravity in neutron stars is estimated using an equation of state of neutron-rich nuclear matter consistent with the available terrestrial laboratory data.
Abstract: Considering the non-Newtonian gravity proposed in grand unification theories, we show that the stability and observed global properties of neutron stars cannot rule out the supersoft nuclear symmetry energies at suprasaturation densities. The degree of possible violation of the inverse-square law of gravity in neutron stars is estimated using an equation of state of neutron-rich nuclear matter consistent with the available terrestrial laboratory data.
113 citations
TL;DR: The transition from low density nuclear matter to high density quark matter can, it is argued, take place in two steps: first, a percolation transition at (subnuclear densities, if the radius of the nucleon is ⪅1 fm) in which the quarks become deconfined but still remain localized, followed by an unbinding transition at higher density, in which matter becomes a uniform quark Fermi liquid as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The transition from low density nuclear matter to high density quark matter can, it is argued, take place in two steps: first, a percolation transition at (subnuclear densities, if the radius of the nucleon is ⪅1 fm) in which the quarks become deconfined but still remain localized, followed by an unbinding transition at higher density, in which the matter becomes a uniform quark Fermi liquid.
113 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the excitation spectrum of the nuclear pasta was computed via a molecular-dynamics simulation involving up to 100,000 nucleons and the dynamic response of the pasta displays a classical plasma oscillation in the 1-to 2-MeV region.
Abstract: The nuclear pasta---a novel state of matter having nucleons arranged in a variety of complex shapes---is expected to be found in the crust of neutron stars and in core-collapse supernovae at subnuclear densities of about ${10}^{14}$ g/cm${}^{3}$. Owing to frustration, a phenomenon that emerges from the competition between short-range nuclear attraction and long-range Coulomb repulsion, the nuclear pasta displays a preponderance of unique low-energy excitations. These excitations could have a strong impact on many transport properties, such as neutrino propagation through stellar environments. The excitation spectrum of the nuclear pasta is computed via a molecular-dynamics simulation involving up to 100,000 nucleons. The dynamic response of the pasta displays a classical plasma oscillation in the 1- to 2-MeV region. In addition, substantial strength is found at low energies. Yet this low-energy strength is missing from a simple ion model containing a single-representative heavy nucleus. The low-energy strength observed in the dynamic response of the pasta is likely to be a density wave involving the internal degrees of freedom of the clusters.
113 citations
TL;DR: A simple relation between the nucleon-nucleon scattering cross sections in vacuum and in nuclear matter is proposed, which consistently takes into account the velocity dependence of the nuclear mean field and Pauli blocking, and is shown to be fairly accurate.
Abstract: A simple relation between the nucleon-nucleon scattering cross sections in vacuum and in nuclear matter is proposed It consistently takes into account the velocity dependence of the nuclear mean field and Pauli blocking, and is shown to be fairly accurate It is used to study the mean free path of nucleons in nuclear matter and the imaginary part of the optical potential It is also used with the local density approximation and the correlated Glauber approximation to calculate the transparency of nuclei as measured by (e,e'p) reactions The Pauli blocking, velocity dependence of the nuclear mean field, and the ground-state correlations increase the transparency, and all the three effects are necessary to explain the observed transparencies of $^{12}\mathrm{C}$, $^{27}\mathrm{Al}$, $^{58}\mathrm{Ni}$, and $^{181}\mathrm{Ta}$ for recoiling 180 MeV protons
113 citations
TL;DR: The strong coupling limit of lattice QCD with one flavor of massless staggered quarks is studied, which determines the masses of "atomic nuclei" up to A=12 "carbon", and the nature of the low temperature dense phase is clarified.
Abstract: We study numerically the strong coupling limit of lattice QCD with one flavor of massless staggered quarks. We determine the complete phase diagram as a function of temperature and chemical potential, including a tricritical point. We clarify the nature of the low temperature dense phase, which is strongly bound ``nuclear'' matter. This strong binding is explained by the nuclear potential, which we measure. Finally, we determine, from this first-principles limiting case of QCD, the masses of ``atomic nuclei'' up to $A=12$ ``carbon''.
113 citations