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Nuclear matter
About: Nuclear matter is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 10180 publications have been published within this topic receiving 248261 citations.
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TL;DR: From experimental observations of limiting temperatures in heavy ion collisions and theoretical model correlations, the critical temperature of infinite nuclear matter Tc is derived and a value of K in moderately excited nuclei is indicated that is in excellent agreement with the value determined from giant monopole resonance data.
Abstract: From experimental observations of limiting temperatures in heavy ion collisions we derive the critical temperature of infinite nuclear matter T c = 16.6′0.86. Theoretical model correlations between T c , the compressibility modulus K, the effective mass m*, and the saturation density ρ s are then exploited to derive the quantity (K/m*) 1 / 2 ρ s -1/3. This quantity together with calculations employing Skyrme and Gogny interactions indicates a value of K in moderately excited nuclei that is in excellent agreement with the value determined from giant monopole resonance data.
105 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an overview of the main methods used to determine the nucleus-nucleus optical potential (OP) is presented, which is the key to explore this interesting process.
Abstract: Elastic scattering of α-particles and some tightly bound light nuclei has shown the pattern of rainbow scattering at medium energies, which is due to the refraction of the incident wave by a strongly attractive nucleus–nucleus potential. This review gives an introduction to the physics of the nuclear rainbow based essentially on the optical model description of the elastic scattering. Since the realistic nucleus–nucleus optical potential (OP) is the key to explore this interesting process, an overview of the main methods used to determine the nucleus–nucleus OP is presented. Given the fact that the absorption in a rainbow system is much weaker than that usually observed in elastic heavy-ion scattering, the observed rainbow patterns were shown to be linked directly to the density overlap of the two nuclei penetrating each other in the elastic channel, with a total density reaching up to twice the nuclear matter saturation density ρ0. For the calculation of the nucleus–nucleus OP in the double-folding model, a realistic density dependence has been introduced into the effective M3Y interaction which is based originally on the G-matrix elements of the Reid and Paris nucleon–nucleon (NN) potentials. Most of the elastic rainbow scattering data were found to be best described by a deep real OP like the folded potential given by this density-dependent M3Y interaction. Within the Hartree–Fock formalism, the same NN interaction gives consistently a soft equation of state of cold nuclear matter which has an incompressibility constant K≈ 230–260 MeV. Our folding analysis of numerous rainbow systems has shown that the elastic α-nucleus and nucleus–nucleus refractive rainbow scattering is indeed a very helpful experiment for the determination of the realistic K value. The refractive rainbow-like structures observed in other quasi-elastic scattering reactions have also been discussed. Some evidences for the refractive effect in the elastic scattering of unstable nuclei are presented and perspectives for future studies are discussed.
104 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the present status of the experimental and theoretical developments in the field of strangeness in nuclei and neutron stars is reviewed, and the theoretical and experimental analysis of the properties of kaons and antikaons in dense nuclear matter are discussed.
103 citations
TL;DR: It is found that streamer chamber data can be fitted by Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck calculations with a momentum-dependent potential that closely models realistic nuclear matter interactions and yields an equation of state with {ital K}=215 MeV.
Abstract: We investigate the generation of transverse momentum in high-energy heavy-ion collisions and its relation to the nuclear equation of state. We find that streamer chamber data can be fitted by Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck calculations with a momentum-dependent potential that closely models realistic nuclear matter interactions and yields an equation of state with {ital K}=215 MeV.
103 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the zero-temperature equation of state of isospin-symmetric nuclear matter below saturation density was studied by minimizing the energy of the nucleons in a periodic cubic cell at each mean density.
103 citations