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Nuclear matter
About: Nuclear matter is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 10180 publications have been published within this topic receiving 248261 citations.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors exploit the largely uncertain state of matter at high density, and connect the modeling of such stellar explosions with a first-order phase transition from nuclear matter to the quark-gluon plasma.
Abstract: Blue-supergiant stars develop into core-collapse supernovae --- one of the most energetic outbursts in the universe --- when all nuclear burning fuel is exhausted in the stellar core. Previous attempts failed to explain observed explosions of such stars which have a zero-age main sequence mass of 50~M$_\odot$ or more. Here we exploit the largely uncertain state of matter at high density, and connect the modeling of such stellar explosions with a first-order phase transition from nuclear matter to the quark-gluon plasma. The resulting energetic supernova explosions can account for a large variety of lightcurves, from peculiar type II to super-luminous events. The remnants are neutron stars with quark matter core, known as hybrid stars, of about 2~M$_\odot$ at birth. A galactic event of this kind could be observable due to the release of a second neutrino burst. Its observation would confirm such a first-order phase transition at densities relevant for astrophysics.
91 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the Hartree-Fock (HF) equations were derived and applications to infinite matter and finite nuclei were discussed using a generalized Slater approximation for the density matrix.
Abstract: The density matrix expansion is used to obtain a local energy density functional for interactions with a realistic meson exchange structure. Hartree-Fock (HF) equations are derived and applications to infinite matter and finite nuclei are discussed. Using a generalized Slater approximation for the density matrix the HF equations still incorporate the momentum structure of the underlying finite range interaction. For applications a density dependent effective interaction is determined from a $G$ matrix where the density dependence is adjusted to the saturation properties of symmetric nuclear matter. Intending applications to systems far off stability special attention is paid to the low density regime and asymmetric nuclear matter. Results are compared to Skyrme HF calculations. The ground state properties of stable nuclei are well reproduced. The potential of the approach is further exemplified in calculations for $A=100\ensuremath{-}140$ tin isotopes. Extended neutron skins are found beyond ${}^{130}\mathrm{Sn}$ corresponding to solid layers of neutron matter surrounding a core of normal composition.
91 citations
TL;DR: The inner layers of a neutron star consist of a solid nuclear crust, permeated by a neutron ocean in its densest region, possibly on top of a nuclear “pasta” mantle as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Formed in the aftermath of gravitational core-collapse supernova explosions, neutron stars are unique cosmic laboratories for probing the properties of matter under extreme conditions that cannot be reproduced in terrestrial laboratories. The interior of a neutron star, endowed with the highest magnetic fields known and with densities spanning about ten orders of magnitude from the surface to the centre, is predicted to exhibit various phases of dense strongly interacting matter, whose physics is reviewed in this chapter. The outer layers of a neutron star consist of a solid nuclear crust, permeated by a neutron ocean in its densest region, possibly on top of a nuclear “pasta” mantle. The properties of these layers and of the homogeneous isospin asymmetric nuclear matter beneath constituting the outer core may still be constrained by terrestrial experiments. The inner core of highly degenerate, strongly interacting matter poses a few puzzles and questions which are reviewed here together with perspectives for their resolution. Consequences of the dense-matter phases for observables such as the neutron-star mass-radius relationship and the prospects to uncover their structure with modern observational programmes are touched upon.
91 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the thermodynamic properties at finite temperatures of the plane interface between two phases of nuclear matter in equilibrium are examined theoretically, and explored numerically, and approximate analytic fits are given to the χ i (proton fraction on the dense-matter side) dependence of the critical temperature, and to the T and χ n dependences of the surface thermodynamic potentials, the density of surface neutrons, the surface entropy and the neutron and proton chemical potentials at phase equilibrium.
91 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the properties of open-charm mesons (D and D) in nuclear matter at finite temperature within a self-consistent coupled-channel approach were studied, where meson-baryon interactions were adopted from a type of broken SU(4) s-wave Tomozawa-Weinberg term supplemented by an attractive scalar-isoscalar interaction.
Abstract: We study the properties of open-charm mesons (D and D) in nuclear matter at finite temperature within a self-consistent coupled-channel approach. The meson-baryon interactions are adopted from a type of broken SU(4) s-wave Tomozawa-Weinberg term supplemented by an attractive scalar-isoscalar interaction. The in-medium solution at finite temperature incorporates Pauli blocking effects, mean-field binding on all the baryons involved, and {pi} and open-charm meson self-energies in a self-consistent manner. In the DN sector, the {lambda}{sub c} and {sigma}{sub c} resonances, generated dynamically at 2593 and 2770 MeV in free space, remain close to their free-space position while acquiring a remarkable width due to the thermal smearing of Pauli blocking as well as from the nuclear matter density effects. As a result, the D meson spectral density shows a single pronounced peak for energies close to the D meson free-space mass that broadens with increasing matter density with an extended tail particularly toward lower energies. The D potential shows a moderate repulsive behavior coming from the dominant I=1 contribution of the DN interaction. The low-density theorem is, however, not a good approximation for the D self-energy in spite of the absence of resonance-hole contributions close to threshold in this case. We speculatemore » the possibility of D-mesic nuclei as well as discuss some consequences for the J/{psi} suppression in heavy-ion collisions, in particular for the future CBM experiment at FAIR.« less
91 citations