Nuclear matter

About: Nuclear matter is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 10180 publications have been published within this topic receiving 248261 citations.

Dissipative Phenomena in Quark Gluon Plasmas

Abstract: Transport coefficients of small-chemical-potential quark-gluon plasmas are estimated and dissipative corrections to the scaling hydrodynamic equations for ultrarelativistic nuclear collisions are studied. The absence of heat-conduction phenomena is clarified. Lower and upper bounds on the shear-viscosity coefficient are derived. QCD phenomenology is used to estimate effects of color-electric and -magnetic shielding, and nonperturbative antiscreening. Bulk viscosity associated with the plasma-to-hadron transition is estimated within the relaxation-time approximation. Finally, effects of dissipative phenomena on the relation between initial energy density and final rapidity density are estimated.

Variations on a theme by Skyrme: A systematic study of adjustments of model parameters

Abstract: We present a survey of the phenomenological adjustment of the parameters of the Skyrme-Hartree-Fock (SHF) model for a self-consistent description of nuclear structure and low-energy excitations. A large sample of reliable input data from nuclear bulk properties (energy, radii, surface thickness) is selected guided by the criterion that ground-state correlations should remain small. Least-squares fitting techniques are used to determine the SHF parameters that accommodate best the given input data. The question of the predictive value of the adjustment is scrutinized by performing systematic variations with respect to chosen nuclear matter properties (incompressibility, effective mass, symmetry energy, and sum-rule enhancement factor). We find that the ground-state data, although representing a large sample, leave a broad range of choices, i.e., a broad range of nuclear matter properties. Information from giant resonances is added to pin down more precisely the open features. We then apply the set of newly adjusted parametrizations to several more detailed observables such as neutron skin, isotope shifts, and super-heavy elements. The techniques of least-squares fitting provide safe estimates for the uncertainties of such extrapolations. The systematic variation of forces allows to disentangle the various influences on a given observable and to estimate the predictive value of the SHF model. The results depend very much on the observable under consideration.

Skyrme-Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov nuclear mass formulas: crossing the 0.6 MeV accuracy threshold with microscopically deduced pairing.

Abstract: We present a new Skyrme-Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov nuclear-mass model in which the contact-pairing force is constructed from microscopic pairing gaps of symmetric nuclear matter and neutron matter calculated from realistic two- and three-body forces, with medium-polarization effects included. With the pairing being treated more realistically than in any of our earlier models, the rms deviation with respect to essentially all the available mass data falls to 0.581 MeV, the best value ever found within the mean-field framework. Since our Skyrme force is also constrained by the properties of pure neutron matter, this new model is particularly well suited for application to astrophysical problems involving a neutron-rich environment, such as the elucidation of the r process of nucleosynthesis, and the description of supernova cores and neutron-star crusts.