Topic
Nuclear matter
About: Nuclear matter is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 10180 publications have been published within this topic receiving 248261 citations.
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TL;DR: In this article, the thermal emission of photons and lepton pairs from quark matter formed in ultrarelativistic nuclear collisions are related to the conserved total entropy of the quark.
Abstract: The rates of thermal emission of photons and lepton pairs from quark matter formed in ultrarelativistic nuclear collisions are related to the conserved total entropy of the quark matter. The transient existence of quark matter can be diagnosed by measuring the entropy separately from particle multiplicities and comparing the predicted and observed rates. The thermal soft-multiple-scattering rates are compared with the direct hard-single-scattering rates. Transverse-momentum effects, the background due to DD¯→μμ¯X decays, and fluctuations are discussed.
137 citations
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TL;DR: A novel signature of the occurrence of a "delayed PT" - a PT that develops only some time after the merger and produces a metastable object with a quark-matter core, i.e., a hypermassive hybrid star.
Abstract: With the first detection of gravitational waves from a binary system of neutron stars GW170817, a new window was opened to study the properties of matter at and above nuclear-saturation density. Reaching densities a few times that of nuclear matter and temperatures up to 100 MeV, such mergers also represent potential sites for a phase transition (PT) from confined hadronic matter to deconfined quark matter. While the lack of a postmerger signal in GW170817 has prevented us from assessing experimentally this scenario, two theoretical studies have explored the postmerger gravitational-wave signatures of PTs in mergers of a binary system of neutron stars. We here extend and complete the picture by presenting a novel signature of the occurrence of a PT. More specifically, using fully general-relativistic hydrodynamic simulations and employing a suitably constructed equation of state that includes a PT, we present the occurrence of a ``delayed PT,'' i.e., a PT that develops only some time after the merger and produces a metastable object with a quark-matter core, i.e., a hypermassive hybrid star. Because in this scenario, the postmerger signal exhibits two distinct fundamental gravitational-wave frequencies---before and after the PT---the associated signature promises to be the strongest and cleanest among those considered so far, and one of the best signatures of the production of quark matter in the present Universe.
137 citations
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TL;DR: A review article as discussed by the authors focused on the tremendous progress realized during the last fifteen years in the understanding of multifragmentation and its relationship to the liquid-gas phase diagram of nuclei and nuclear matter.
137 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the relativistic quantum field theory of Walecka is extended to include the interactions of π and ρ mesons, and a non-abelian gauge theory is derived and applied to calculations of cold nuclear matter.
137 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the influence of quantum coherence on the transverse momentum distribution of photons and gluons radiated by a quark propagating through nuclear matter was investigated.
Abstract: The density of gluons produced in the central rapidity region of a heavy-ion collision is poorly known. We investigate the influence of the effects of quantum coherence on the transverse momentum distribution of photons and gluons radiated by a quark propagating through nuclear matter. We describe the case where the radiation time substantially exceeds the nuclear radius (the relevant case for RHIC and LHC energies), which is different from what is known as the Landau-Pomeranchuk-Migdal effect corresponding to an infinite medium. We find suppression of the radiation spectrum at small transverse photon(gluon) momentum ${k}_{T},$ but enhancement for ${k}_{T}g1\mathrm{GeV}.$ Any nuclear effects vanish for ${k}_{T}g~10\mathrm{GeV}.$ Our results also allow us to calculate the ${k}_{T}$-dependent nuclear effects in prompt photon, light, and heavy (Drell-Yan) dilepton and hadron production.
136 citations