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Nuclear matter
About: Nuclear matter is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 10180 publications have been published within this topic receiving 248261 citations.
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TL;DR: In this article, the saturation properties of nuclear matter within the Brueckner-Hartree-Fock approach based on a large set of modern nucleon-nucleon potentials and confirm the validity of the Coester band were determined.
Abstract: We determine the saturation properties of nuclear matter within the Brueckner-Hartree-Fock approach based on a large set of modern nucleon-nucleon potentials and confirm the validity of the Coester band. The improvement of the saturation point when including nuclear three-body forces is pointed out and comparison with the Dirac-Brueckner-Hartree-Fock results is made.
123 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the binding energy of quarkonium with nuclei in the m Q → ∞ limit of QCD was studied, where the dominant contribution to the interaction is from two-gluon operators.
123 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the properties of asymmetric nuclear matter have been investigated in a relativistic Dirac-Brueckner-Hartree-Fock framework using the Bonn A potential.
123 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the optical counterpart of a candidate isolated neutron star, RX J185635−3754, was detected, and the spectrum was shown to be approximately thermal.
Abstract: The extreme densities1 of neutron stars make them an ideal system in which to investigate the equation of state of nuclear matter; accurate determinations of neutron star masses and radii are crucial for this. Current observations of neutron stars in binary systems yield masses that are generally consistent with theory2. But measurements of radii are more difficult as they require the detection of thermal radiation from the surface, which in general is masked by emission from non-thermal processes in radio pulsars3 and X-ray binary systems4. Isolated radio-quiet neutron stars5 offer the best opportunity to observe the surface thermal emission. Here we report the detection of the optical counterpart of a candidate isolated neutron star, RX J185635−3754 (ref. 6). Our optical flux data, combined with existing extreme ultraviolet7 and X-ray6 observations, show the spectrum to be approximately thermal. By adopting the upper bound to the distance of the source, and assuming a plausible model for the spectral energy distribution, we find that the radius of the object cannot exceed 14 km. This result is inconsistent with a number of recent equations of state8 proposed for neutron stars.
122 citations
TL;DR: In the initial years of operation, experiments at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) have identified a new form of matter formed in nuclei-nuclei collisions at energy densities more than 100 times that of a cold atomic nucleus as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: In the initial years of operation, experiments at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) have identified a new form of matter formed in nuclei-nuclei collisions at energy densities more than 100 times that of a cold atomic nucleus. Measurements and comparison with relativistic hydrodynamic models indicate that the matter thermalizes in an unexpectedly short time, has an energy density at least 15 times larger than needed for color deconfinement, has a temperature about twice the critical temperature predicted by lattice QCD, and appears to exhibit collective motion with ideal hydrodynamic properties - a "perfect liquid" that appears to flow with a near-zero viscosity to entropy ratio - lower than any previously observed fluid and perhaps close to a universal lower bound. However, a fundamental understanding of the medium seen in heavy-ion collisions at RHIC does not yet exist. The most important scientific challenge for the field in the next decade is the quantitative exploration of the new state of nuclear matter. That will require new data that will, in turn, require enhanced capabilities of the RHIC detectors and accelerator. In this report we discuss the scientific opportunities for an upgraded RHIC facility - RHIC II - in conjunction with improved capabilities of the two large RHIC detectors, PHENIX and STAR. We focus solely on heavy flavor probes. Their production rates are calculable using the well-established techniques of perturbative QCD and their sizable interactions with the hot QCD medium provide unique and sensitive measurements of its crucial properties making them one of the key diagnostic tools available to us.
122 citations