scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question
Topic

Nucleolus

About: Nucleolus is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 5873 publications have been published within this topic receiving 232435 citations. The topic is also known as: GO:0005730 & cell nucleolus.


Papers
More filters
Book ChapterDOI
TL;DR: The chapter presents a diagram that illustrates the main nucleolar compartments of fibrillar center (FC), dense fibrillsar component (DFC), and granular component (GC), and summarizes the relationship between nucleolus structure and function, including nucleolar proteins localized to each structural compartment.
Abstract: Publisher Summary The main function of the nucleolus is to synthesize the ribosomal RNA (rRNA) that, together with protein, becomes the building block of cytoplasmic ribosomes. Because the synthesis and processing of precursor preribosomal RNA seem to occur in a more or less vectorial fashion from the central portion of the nucleolus to its periphery and because the nucleolus is essentially a large ribonucleoprotein complex whose structure and morphology are directly related to its synthetic activity, the relationship between nucleolar structure and function is intimately linked and could perhaps be regarded as inseparable. The chapter presents a diagram that illustrates the main nucleolar compartments of fibrillar center (FC), dense fibrillar component (DFC), and granular component (GC). It also summarizes the relationship between nucleolus structure and function, including nucleolar proteins localized to each structural compartment. Methods on nucleolus research are also discussed; these methods are successfully employed for their reproducibility, simplicity, and ease of use.

70 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: After thawing and culture in vitro, greater than 90% of germinal-vesicle (GV)-stage mouse oocytes cryopreserved by vitrification, were capable of resuming meiosis and undergoing normal chromosomal and cytoplasmic maturation to metaphase II, demonstrating that vitrification is associated with chromosome and cellular disorders that could adversely affect development after fertilization.
Abstract: After thawing and culture in vitro, greater than 90% of germinal-vesicle (GV)-stage mouse oocytes cryopreserved by vitrification, were capable of resuming meiosis and undergoing normal chromosomal and cytoplasmic maturation to metaphase II. This high frequency of development occurred against a background of profound alterations in the structure and organization of the cytoplasm, nucleus, nucleolus and chromatin during the dehydration stage of vitrification. Most, but not all, cytoplasmic and nuclear perturbations returned to a normal state during post-thaw culture. However, the results clearly demonstrate that vitrification is associated with chromosomal and cellular disorders that could adversely affect development after fertilization. Irreversible changes of potential developmental significance observed after vitrification at the GV stage include (i) premature chromosomal condensation, (ii) mixing of nucleoplasmic and cytoplasmic components prior to GV breakdown, and (iii) externalization of chromatin fragments into the cytoplasm after reformation of the oocyte nucleus, which shows the potential for the generation of fertilizable oocytes containing deleted segments of DNA.

69 citations

01 Jan 2010
TL;DR: Angiogenin (ANG) is a 14 kDa angiogenic ribonuclease that is upregulated in a variety of human cancers and has been shown to play a role in motor neuron physiology.
Abstract: Angiogenin (ANG) is a 14 kDa angiogenic ribonuclease that is upregulated in a variety of human cancers. Accumulating evidence indicates that the angiogenic activity of ANG is related to its ability in regulating ribosomal RNA (rRNA) transcription. ANG is translocated to the nucleus of growth-stimulated endothelial cells where it accumu- lates in the nucleolus, binds to the promoter region of ribosomal DNA (rDNA), and stimulates rRNA transcription. This normally well-controlled process of nuclear translocation of ANG is hijacked by cancer cells that constitutively uptake ANG and translocate it into the nucleus so that rRNA is constantly transcribed to meet a higher metabolic require- ment of this cells. Nuclear translocation of ANG therefore controls the rate of rRNA transcription and has been shown to be a molecular target for cancer drug development. Recently, ANG has also been shown to play a role in motor neuron physiology. Loss-of-function mutations in the coding region of ANG gene have been found in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). A deficiency in ANG function may result in insufficient rRNA transcription in motor neurons that require robust ribosome biogenesis due to the demand of long axonal transport. Haploinsufficiency of ANG has thus been implicated in ALS pathogenesis, and ANG has been shown to promote motor neuron survival both in vitro and in vivo. Promotion of ANG expression or activity has been recognized as a therapeutic opportunity for ALS treatment.

69 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is concluded that nucleoli contain a prominent protein of Mr 180 000 which contributes to the general structure of the dense fibrillar component of the interphase nucleolus, independent of its specific transcriptional activity.

69 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The contrast between the lack of action of amanitin on RNA synthesis by isolated nucleoli and the effectiveness of the toxin in vivo suggests that ribosomal RNA formation in the intact cell is under an extranucleolar control mechanism sensitive to aman itin.

69 citations


Network Information
Related Topics (5)
RNA
111.6K papers, 5.4M citations
82% related
DNA
107.1K papers, 4.7M citations
82% related
Cellular differentiation
90.9K papers, 6M citations
81% related
Cell culture
133.3K papers, 5.3M citations
80% related
Gene
211.7K papers, 10.3M citations
80% related
Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
2023145
2022209
2021143
2020125
2019139
2018121