Topic
Nucleolus
About: Nucleolus is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 5873 publications have been published within this topic receiving 232435 citations. The topic is also known as: GO:0005730 & cell nucleolus.
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TL;DR: The localization of the N protein in the absence of infection was studied by following fluorescence in MARC-145 cells transfected with a plasmid, which expressed the nucleocapsid protein fused to an enhanced green fluorescent protein (N-EGFP).
132 citations
TL;DR: Uridine incorporation into the nucleus is low in oocytes of small, resting follicles but increases during follicle growth and reaches a peak prior to the beginning of antrum formation, while Polymerase activity is demonstrable in the nucleolus and nucleoplasm of oocytes from growing follicles, but is absent from maturing oocyte of large follicles.
Abstract: RNA synthesis in the oocyte and granulosa cell nuclei of growing follicles has been studied in the mouse ovary. The RNA precursor [3H]uridine was administered intraperitoneally to adult mice and the amount of label incorporated into ovarian RNA was quantitated autoradiographically using grain-counting procedures. Uridine incorporation into the nucleus is low in oocytes of small, resting follicles but increases during follicle growth and reaches a peak prior to the beginning of antrum formation. Thereafter uptake rapidly declines and is very low in the oocytes of maturing follicles. Uridine incorporation into granulosa cell nuclei, in contrast to that found in the oocyte, increases gradually during most of the period of follicle growth. Qualitative studies of the activity of endogenous, DNA-dependent RNA polymerases have also been made in fixed oocytes isolated from follicles at different stages of growth. Polymerase activity is demonstrable in the nucleolus and nucleoplasm of oocytes from growing follicles, but is absent from maturing oocytes of large follicles.
132 citations
TL;DR: This is the first time an adenovirus protein has been shown to have a direct effect on nucleolar antigens in isolation from viral infection and the first protein demonstrated to be capable of redirecting nucleolin and B23 to the cytoplasm.
Abstract: Adenovirus infection inhibits synthesis and processing of rRNA and redistributes nucleolar antigens. Adenovirus protein V associates with nucleoli in infected cells. This study delineates regions of protein V independently capable of nucleolar targeting. Also, evidence is presented that protein V has the unique property of relocating nucleolin and B23 to the cytoplasm when transiently expressed on its own in uninfected cells. Point mutation analysis indicates a role for the C terminus of protein V in the redirection of nucleolin and B23 to the cytoplasm. This is the first time an adenovirus protein has been shown to have a direct effect on nucleolar antigens in isolation from viral infection. Moreover, adenovirus protein V is the first protein demonstrated to be capable of redirecting nucleolin and B23 to the cytoplasm.
132 citations
TL;DR: A visual gene trap screen is used to identify more than 100 proteins, many of which are normal, located within compartments of the mouse nucleus, and finds that sequence motifs are often shared amongst proteins co-localized within the same sub-nuclear compartment, suggesting that they may be able to predict sub- nuclear localization for proteins in databases based on their sequence.
Abstract: Many nuclear components participating in related pathways appear concentrated in specific areas of the mammalian nucleus. The importance of this organization is attested to by the dysfunction that correlates with mis-localization of nuclear proteins in human disease and cancer. Determining the sub-nuclear localization of proteins is therefore important for understanding genome regulation and function, and it also provides clues to function for novel proteins. However, the complexity of proteins in the mammalian nucleus is too large to tackle this on a protein by protein basis. Large-scale approaches to determining protein function and sub-cellular localization are required. We have used a visual gene trap screen to identify more than 100 proteins, many of which are normal, located within compartments of the mouse nucleus. The most common discrete localizations detected are at the nucleolus and the splicing speckles and on chromosomes. Proteins at the nuclear periphery, or in other nuclear foci, have also been identified. Several of the proteins have been implicated in human disease or cancer, e.g. ATRX, HMGI-C, NBS1 and EWS, and the gene-trapped proteins provide a route into further understanding their function. We find that sequence motifs are often shared amongst proteins co-localized within the same sub-nuclear compartment. Conversely, some generally abundant motifs are lacking from the proteins concentrated in specific areas of the nucleus. This suggests that we may be able to predict sub-nuclear localization for proteins in databases based on their sequence.
132 citations
TL;DR: Results show that the synthesis of RNA is regulated by the type of cytoplasm in which a nucleus lies, and that DNA-like RNA and soluble RNA are synthesized during late cleavage by nuclear-transplant embryos as well as by embryos derived from fertilized eggs.
131 citations