Topic
o-Cresol
About: o-Cresol is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 70 publications have been published within this topic receiving 1185 citations. The topic is also known as: ortho-Cresol & 2-Cresol.
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TL;DR: Activated sludge taken from the Kohtla-Järve wastewater treatment plant, Estonia, was able to degrade phenol and p-cresol faster than o-c Respirometric data have been used for evaluation of the kinetic parameters describing the bio-oxidation of substrates.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the biodegradation of phenol, o-cresol and p-cresol individually and as bi-substrate mixtures at low initial substrate concentrations. Activated sludge was taken from the Kohtla-Jarve wastewater treatment plant, Estonia, which is also treating phenolic wastewater from the oil-shale chemical industry and is considered to be acclimated to the phenolic compounds. Respirometric data have been used for evaluation of the kinetic parameters describing the bio-oxidation of substrates. Activated sludge was able to degrade phenol and p-cresol faster than o-cresol, showing better affinity to p-cresol. However, at higher concentrations, phenol and p-cresol exhibited also an inhibitory effect to the microorganisms. The highest values for maximum rate of oxygen uptake ( ) were obtained for the bi-substrate system of phenol–p-cresol among the mixtures containing both substrates at equal concentrations from 0.005 mM to 0.050 mM. Concerning the systems containing one substrate at 0...
21 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a series of borate zirconia catalysts with 5-30-mol% B 2 O 3 loading were prepared and calcined at different temperatures, and the FTIR results provided the evidence for the vertical orientation of phenol aromatic ring on the catalyst surface.
Abstract: Selective C -methylation of phenol to o -cresol and 2,6-xylenol in high yields has been carried out with methanol over borate zirconia solid acid catalyst. The maximum conversion of 70 and 65% selectivity for corresponding ortho -alkylated products ( o -cresol and 2,6-xylenol) was obtained with 1–2% anisole as O -alkylated product. A series of borate zirconia catalysts with 5–30 mol% B 2 O 3 loading were prepared and calcined at different temperatures. The XRD results reveal the formation of single phase cubic zirconia after addition of B 2 O 3 . The cubic structure was stable up to 650 °C, above which it transformed to monoclinic structure. Borate zirconia containing 5 mol% B 2 O 3 calcined at 650 °C was found to be the most active catalyst among the series indicating the influence of composition and structure on the conversion and selectivity. The FTIR results provided the evidence for the vertical orientation of phenol aromatic ring on the catalyst surface, which explains the selective C -alkylation of phenol. The influence of various experimental parameters on phenol conversion and product selectivity has been investigated. The catalyst was active for 150 h time on stream without any deactivation showing its longer life. The catalytic activity and selectivity is correlated with its acidity and structure.
20 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the gas phase reaction between phenol and formaldehyde was studied using Bronsted acidic and basic catalysts to gain insight into the components of phenol methylation with methanol.
19 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the adsorption of o-cresol, which is commonly used in coal flotation as frother, on two lignites and a bituminous coal has been studied.
18 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the gas phase catalytic alkylation of phenol with methanol was investigated over a series of spinel-type cobalt chromite catalysts.
Abstract: The gas phase catalytic alkylation of phenol with methanol was investigated over a series of spinel-type cobalt chromite catalysts. The molar ratio of Co/Cr and the calcination temperature have considerable effect on the catalytic performance of the samples. Among them, the Co/Cr=0.8 sample calcined at 723 K shows the highest activity (97.3% phenol conversion) with a total 94.8% ortho-selectivity to o-cresol and 2,6-xylenol at the reaction temperature of 693 K.
18 citations