Showing papers on "Object (computer science) published in 1977"
TL;DR: The use of a variation of chain encoding of binary boundary images is described in the context of a scene analysis system that can learn single views of the three-dimensional curved objects and can later recognize various partialViews of the same projections of the objects.
Abstract: The use of a variation of chain encoding of binary boundary images is described in the context of a scene analysis system. The system can learn single views of the three-dimensional curved objects and can later recognize various partial views of the same projections of the objects. The system is completely automatic except for specifying whether the object is to be learned or recognized.
97 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present algorithms which deal simultaneously with many families of combinatorial objects in directed graphs, and from it they are able to construct algorithms for dealing with the sequence of decisions itself, resulting in procedures for processing the objects.
86 citations
TL;DR: Pigeons learn no more of the visual projections of a three dimensional object than of an abstract object, and they lack the capacity to integrate the transformations of perspective.
56 citations
Patent•
25 Apr 1977
TL;DR: In this article, photo-electric transducers are connected in parallel with mutually reversed polarity and the difference between the electric currents passed by the two transducers is compensated by negative feedback via a resistor connected to the output of an amplifier at the input of which the said transducers were connected.
Abstract: A device for measuring at least one dimension of an object comprises two light channels of which one is intended to receive the object and the other serves as a reference channel. Light from the two channels is conducted to respective photo-electric transducers the outputs of which are connected to a comparison circuit. The relationship between the relative intensities of illumination of the transducers provides a measure of the dimension of the object. In order to improve the response characteristics of the transducers they are connected in parallel with mutually reversed polarity and the difference between the electric currents passed by the two transducers is compensated by negative feedback via a resistor connected to the output of an amplifier at the input of which the said transducers are connected.
48 citations
TL;DR: A workshop on evaluation of simulation models was held in Wageningen to discuss problems and points of view concerning evaluation of complex models and there was a considerable consensus on many points.
42 citations
TL;DR: An object boundary estimator, applicable to a class of noisy images, will be introduced that is recursive and readily implementable on a digital computer.
Abstract: In this paper, an object boundary estimator, applicable to a class of noisy images, will be introduced. The images considered will contain an object of interest within the background where the statistics of the object, background, noise, and boundary are given. The procedures developed are recursive and readily implementable on a digital computer. A number of examples are considered to illustrate the performance of the estimator.
36 citations
03 Aug 1977
TL;DR: The purpose of this paper is to analyze the problem of mapping between different levels of a data base and find a requirement on the consistency between the process of deriving an external view from the conceptual view and the translation of external (user) operations into conceptual operations.
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to analyze the problem of mapping between different levels of a data base.A data Base is viewed as an Abstract Object upon which it is possible to operate with a given set of operations, the result of which depends both on the "type" of the object and on its state.Following this approach and utilizing some algebraic formalism we analyze the mappings between external views of a data base and the conceptual view of the data base itself. The main result is a requirement on the consistency between the process of deriving an external view from the conceptual view and the translation of external (user) operations into conceptual operations.It is also shown that this requirement is not sufficient to characterize the "interference" arising from a shared use of a Data Base.Informal and formal examples illustrating these concepts are given.
35 citations
TL;DR: Although the ”photo”; gradient was virtually identical to the “object” gradient, the pigeon did subsequently learn to discriminate between the real S+ object and a mounted photo of the object at 45 deg; this discrimination generalized to photos of other orientations as well.
Abstract: Generalization gradients were obtained to the S+ object at 0-, 45-, 90-, 135-, and 180-deg orientations and to mounted photographs and drawings/silhouettes of the S+ object at these orientations following discrimination training between this object at 45 deg (S+) and other three-dimensional objects at various orientations. Although the “photo”; gradient was virtually identical to the “object” gradient, the pigeon did subsequently learn to discriminate between the real S+ object and a mounted photo of the object at 45 deg; this discrimination generalized to photos of other orientations as well. Although the shape of the “drawings/silhouettes” gradient was similar to the “object”gradient, the overall level of responding was considerably less. The basis for these differen ces in response level is discussed in terms of the cues to spatiality that are preserved in the mounted photos and drawings/silhouettes of the object at the various orientations.
31 citations
TL;DR: For four commonly used partitioning objective functions within cluster analysis, the authors give reproducible and representative numerical results concerning their approximate minimization with the exchange method, and give recommendations for successively using certain objective functions and for selecting suitable initial partitions.
28 citations
Patent•
18 Feb 1977
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed an apparatus for automatically guiding a moving object such as a vehicle along a pre-determined path, the apparatus including two detectors which are mounted in a spaced apart relationship on the object, the detectors being responsive to the intensity of electromagnetic waves such as X-Rays emitted along the path.
Abstract: The invention relates to apparatus for automatically guiding a moving object such as a vehicle along a pre-determined path, the apparatus including two detectors which are mounted in a spaced apart relationship on the object, the detectors being responsive to the intensity of electro-magnetic waves such as X-Rays emitted along the path. Comparison means for instance a dividing circuit is connected to the detectors to determine the ratios of the intensities of the magnetic waves and to provide a signal which is acted on by adjustment means that adjusts the direction of movement of the object to bring it back onto the path. The invention provides for irradiation means which is mounted on the object and which causes excitation and emission of secondary waves of pre-determined wavelength from the path.
Patent•
05 Apr 1977
TL;DR: In this article, a method for automatically controlling the position of small objects, comprises the steps of moving an object to cause at least a portion of an optical image of the object to be imaged on a photoelectric array which is placed on an image formation plane.
Abstract: A method for automatically controlling the position of small objects, comprises the steps of moving the object to cause at least a portion of an optical image of the object to be imaged on a photoelectric array which is placed on an image formation plane; sequentially detecting outputs by scanning photoelectric converting elements constituting the photoelectric array; counting, in a digital fashion, the position data of the object based on the above-mentioned outputs to deliver a correction signal for moving the object to a predetermined position; moving the object to a predetermined position according to the correction signal; and checking the position of the object by detecting outputs of respective photoelectric converting elements after completion of the above-mentioned movement step and calculating the positional data of the object.
Patent•
28 Sep 1977TL;DR: In this paper, a temperature sensing device for detecting temperature changes at an object, specifically within a transformer or the like, is presented, which utilizes an electrically non-conductive sensor including a temperature responsive substance having the characteristic of changing in optical density with changes in temperature.
Abstract: A device for sensing temperature changes at an object, specifically within a transformer or the like, is disclosed herein. This device utilizes an electrically non-conductive sensor including a temperature responsive substance having the characteristic of changing in optical density with changes in temperature. In order to detect changes and/or to actually monitor the temperature the device provides means for detecting and/or monitoring the optical density of the temperature responsive means, thereby indicating the temperature at the object.
Patent•
07 Feb 1977TL;DR: A television inspection system for detecting flaws on a cable and the like, without contact, utilizes means for obliquely, evenly illuminating the object; a backing member having the same average reflectivity as the object and video sensor-signal processing means for detecting changes in the reflected illumination to sense flaws upon the object's surface as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: A television inspection system for detecting flaws on a cable and the like, without contact, utilizes means for obliquely, evenly illuminating the object; a backing member having the same average reflectivity as the object and video sensor-signal processing means for detecting changes in the reflected illumination to sense flaws upon the object's surface.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: An investigation was carried out, both from the point of view of combining features which are considered as being of the highest reliability based on pattern analysis of the nuclear structure and cytoplasm of cells, and the complexity of the apparatus.
Abstract: An investigation was carried out, both from the point of view of combining features which are considered as being of the highest reliability based on pattern analysis of the nuclear structure and cytoplasm of cells, and the complexity of the apparatus. Several features such as "ambiguity" function were extracted by mathematical and statistical processing, and these were then made the parameters of a diagnostic logic. Also, a method in which a "differential histogram" and a "threshold value" are combined was developed for segmentation of cells. It became possible to operate an automatic scanning machine at a speed of about six minutes per slide using two-stage coarse and fine scanning of a flying spot scanner. The advantage of this system is flexibility of diagnostic program logic and speed of algorithms for a determined number of cellular features. An automatic focusing system was also developed and it functions satisfactorily at high speed on a fully extended regular object slide.
TL;DR: Three-dimensional objects can be reconstructed automatically from sets of serial sections by using a suitable algorithm and the bounding surfaces of the object are described by sets of triangular and nonplanar quadrilateral patches.
TL;DR: The main object of this article is to give the reader a preliminary overview of the educational strengths and weaknesses of computer assisted learning within the experience of the NDPCAL.
Abstract: The main object of this article is to give the reader a preliminary overview of the educational strengths and weaknesses of computer assisted learning within the experience of the NDPCAL. UNCAL (UNderstanding Computer Assisted Learning) is a four year independent educational evaluation team, commissioned by the NDPCAL and located at the University of East Anglia.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The effect of initial conditions and the warm-up period on the design of simulation experiments for the simple case of a single-server queuing system with Poisson input and exponential service times is explored.
Abstract: The simulation of complex queuing systems is an im portant application for discrete-event digital simula tion. In many cases, the object of the analysis is estimation of steady-state measures (e.g....
Patent•
25 Mar 1977
TL;DR: An apparatus for picking up and removing objects or the like, especially animal excrements, comprising a receiver portion formed of relatively rigid material and intended to be engaged by an operator, for the reception of the object to be picked up as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: An apparatus for picking-up and removing objects or the like, especially animal excrements, comprising a receiver portion formed of relatively rigid material and intended to be engaged by an operator, for the reception of the object to be picked-up. A substantially sack- or bag-like sleeve is provided for such receiver portion. This bag-like sleeve, after having picked-up the object, can be forwardly turned over the receiver portion and, if desired, closed.
Patent•
28 Jul 1977
TL;DR: In this article, a ratio preserving method and apparatus for a system having a plurality of operating values, each independently changeable over a prescribed quantity range by a change in a separate control input by selectively interconnecting the separate control inputs so that change in one of the interconnected control inputs produces an appropriate change in the other interconnected inputs to maintain the selected fixed ratio between the interconnected operating values.
Abstract: A ratio preserving method and apparatus for a system having a plurality of operating values, each independently changeable over a prescribed quantity range by a change in a separate control input by selectively interconnecting the separate control inputs so that change in one of the interconnected control inputs produces an appropriate change in the other interconnected control inputs to maintain the selected fixed ratio between the interconnected operating values. One such system illustrated is a zoom lens where the ratio between object distance and focal length can be selectively fixed to keep the image size constant while the focus is changed when the distance between the object and the lens changes.
Patent•
09 Jun 1977
TL;DR: In this article, an automatic process controller and method for automatically controlling in real time the formation of an object having boundaries which change with time is presented, where a TV camera provides a video image of the object.
Abstract: An automatic process controller and method for automatically controlling in real time the formation of an object having boundaries which change with time. A TV camera provides a video image of the object. An interface circuit detects first and second boundaries of the object by analyzing the analog video signal and generates first and second digital numbers corresponding to the first and second boundaries. A programmable digital processor determines the maximum difference between the first and second digital numbers, compares that difference with a target object size and produces a control signal based on the comparison for controlling the continued formation of the object.
Patent•
20 Dec 1977
TL;DR: In this paper, a video game where several objects are moved across the screen in a horizontal axis in 16 different zones, a RAM type memory has memory locations exclusively dedicated to each zone to provide a starting address for the object in its zone.
Abstract: In a video game where several objects are moved across the screen in a horizontal axis in 16 different zones, a RAM type memory has memory locations exclusively dedicated to each zone to provide a starting address for the object in its zone. A single time shared horizontal counter responds to the various starting addresses to successively cause video signals to be generated which provides images of such objects.
Patent•
20 Dec 1977
TL;DR: In this article, a binary logic architecture was proposed to determine which portion of an object is to be displayed in a video game where an object such as a ship moves across the screen and where wraparound exists when the object is displayed near the edge of the screen.
Abstract: In a video game where an object, such as a ship, moves across the screen and where wraparound exists when the object is displayed near the edge of the screen, binary logic architecture provides for use of only a single bit of data to determine which portion of the object is to be displayed. This allows a standard bit capacity random access memory and horizontal address counter to be utilized in the circuit.
Journal Article•