Showing papers on "Obstacle published in 1984"

Rear view monitor device for vehicle

Abstract: PURPOSE:To provide a driver with a real feeling of distance to ensure safety in the driver's operation of backing up by electrically indicating several sets of markers in an overlapping manner on a TV monitor screen, and changing the position of markers suitably in response to the existing situation. CONSTITUTION:When there is an obstacle 11 in the rear of a vehicle, a distance sensor 6 measures the distance from the vehicle to the obstacle 11, and sends the data to CPU8 of a marker signal generating circuit 7. The CPU8 compares the data with indicated data memorized by ROM9. The indicated data responsive to the ROM9 are outputted to a monitor TV 2 through an interface 10. The obstacle 11 in the rear is shown on a screen 3 of the TV, and a marker 4 is also overlapped on it. When the obstacle comes closer by reversing the vehicle, a marker 4 remote from the obstacle 11 out of the marker 4 is erased. Therefore, the distance to the obstacle 11 can be recognized accurately.

Major obstacles to control of irregular migrations: prerequisites to policy.

Abstract: This paper examines 3 basic obstacles thwarting all attempts to reduce irregular migration. The 1st rather well known and analyzed underscores the dependency of all regulation of migratory flows on the system of economic and political relations between developed and developing countries. The 2nd obstacle resides in the persistance and growth of subsequent dependent irregular migration. This obstacle also reveals the relative autonomy of population movements compared with the employment situation in the labor market. The 3rd generally ignored obstacle is the role played by migration itself particularly the discriminatory status of foreign workers in the labor market in producing irregular migration. (authors)

A Scheme for Collision Avoidance with Minimum Distance Traveling for Industrial Robots

Abstract: Maneuvering an industrial robot to avoid a collision with obstacles in real time involves not only the fast obstacle detection and descripton, but also fast decision making. The problem is complicated since no a priori knowledge about obstacles is assumed. In addition, they may appear in the robot's path unexpectedly. To detect and describe the three-dimensional obstacles, stereo cameras are used to collect environmental images. Through the top view of the workspace, the cameras furnish the silhouette as well as heights of obstacles. To speed up the image processing, the pixel array is grouped into patches and the maximum height of each patch is determined. TO simplify the obstacle description in the computer, a “pillar” model of the bounding polyhedra is constructed. Fast decision making is accomplished by structuring a finite number of possible collision avoidance paths. Path feasibility is determined at the “module aisle” level while optimization is performed at the subpath level so that the magnitude of processing effort is reduced from the order of 6 to 3 × 6.

a Geographical Analysis of Voting Patterns for Water Related Constitutional Amendments in Texas, 1957-1981

Abstract: Country level electoral data were used to analyze the voting patterns of eight water related constitutional amendment elections. Both water quality enhancement amendments (1971, 1976), and three of six water development amendments (1957, 1962, 1966) have been ratified, thus establishing a statewide policy of reservoir development, a funding mechanism to implement such a policy, and the creation of a water management agency. Begining with the 1969 election, a West Texas-East Texas regionalized voting pattern has emerged, resulting in the defeat of three amendments (1969, 1976, 1981) intended to provide additional funding for water development. This regionalization reflects different climatic, physiographic, economic, and locational factors, and represents a potential obstacle to coordinated water management in Texas.

On inertial flow over topography. Part 2. Rotating-channel flow near the critical speed

Abstract: A narrow flow passing over an obstacle in a rotating channel is analysed. When the upstream Froude number of the flow approaches unity and the obstacle height is sufficiently small, stationary Kelvin waves may appear in the channel. Under these conditions the usual nonlinear hydraulic theory (e.g. Gill 1977) must be replaced by a nonlinear dispersive theory. When the flow upstream of the obstacle is subcritical, the nonlinear dispersive theory produces three solutions, two of which resemble the solutions of hydraulic theory and a third which contains cnoidal lee waves. Upstream influence due to the obstacle becomes a function of obstacle shape as well as height. The ‘controlled’ solution is distinguished by the presence of a partial solitary wave in the lee of the obstacle.

Some special properties of solutions to obstacle problems

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Robot control system

Abstract: PURPOSE:To perform an unmanned operation of a robot in a smooth and highly accurate way by avoiding automatically the interference between an obstacle and the robot, by replacing the obstacle having an environmental change with a fundamental form CONSTITUTION:An obstacle 22 is first recognized by a visual device 9, and then a picture processor 10 calculates the maximum length of the pattern of the obstacle 22 This maximum length is supplied to an obstacle data file 11 of a computer 1 in the form of an input signal SIN3 The file 11 has the data on a globe having a diameter equal to said maximum length given as the signal SIN3 For the shunt control of the obstacle, the distance l between the center O of the globe 23 and a robot 24 is first calculated Then l>r is satisfied when the radius of the globe 23 is referred to as (r) In such a way, an operation is possible in a simple way to shunt the obstacle 22 In this case, a changed locus is automatically produced with reference to an environmental model data base 4 which is under the control of a CPU2 which controls the file 11

System for the detection of a predetermined obstacle on the way of a ground vehicle

Abstract: The invention relates to an obstacle-detection system for land vehicles. This system comprises means for detecting a predetermined obstacle situated in the path of a vehicle (6). The predetermined obstacle is, for example, another vehicle (5; 7) travelling in front of the first vehicle in the same direction, or a vehicle which may be situated in its path, for example in the approach to a crossroads. In a preferred embodiment, the vehicle which must detect the obstacle is equipped with a receiver (R6) receiving directly a wave emitted by an emitter (E5; E7) placed on the vehicle (5; 7) forming an obstacle and emitting directly backwards in the opposite direction to that in which it is travelling. As soon as the vehicle (6) equipped with a receiver (R6) enters into the zone of emission of an emitter (E5; E7), the user of the said vehicle is warned of the presence of the obstacle which may be situated in front of him, and knows that this obstacle represents a potential danger. In proximity to bends, the tops of inclines and crossroads, repeating stations controlled by the signal emitted from a vehicle are used in order to re-emit a signal in the direction or directions for which it represents a danger. A vehicle which enters into the re- emission zone is then warned. The waves used are preferably electromagnetic waves.

Controlling method of operation of unmanned carrier car at detection of obstacle

Abstract: PURPOSE:To remove an obstacle quickly when the obstacle is a substance and to reduce the stoppage time of an unmanned carrier car by comparing and discriminating signals from detecting sensors for detecting an obstacle and a human body existing in the travelling direction of the unmanned carrier car respectively and executing prescribed control or information respectively. CONSTITUTION:The ultrasonic wave type or photoelectric type obstacle sensor 3 for detecting an obstacle on the travelling line and an infrared-ray sensor 4 for detecting a human body are arranged in the front of the body of the unmanned carrier car. Detecting signals from both the sensors 3, 4 are inputted to the computer 5, which compares both the input signals to discriminate whether the obstacle is a substance or a human body. Inputting the detecting signals, the computer 5 actuates a brake 6 through a solenoid 7 and generates an alarm by a horn and an alarm lamp 8, and when discriminates that the obstacle is a human body, opens the brake 6 and stops the alarm. When discriminating that the obstacle is a substance, the computer 5 informs the discriminated contents to the operator room 10. Therefore, the obstacle is quickly removed and the stoppage time is reduced.

Presidential Assessment: Obstacle To Leadership

Abstract: (1984). Presidential Assessment: Obstacle To Leadership. Change: The Magazine of Higher Learning: Vol. 16, No. 4, pp. 5-7.

Apparatus for diagnosis of element obstacle of thyristor valve

Abstract: PURPOSE:To enhance space efficiency and economical effect, in a high voltage thyristor converter constituted by stacking thyristor valves in a plurality of stages, by performing the diagnosis of an element obstacle by a reduced number of microcomputers. CONSTITUTION:The voltage detecting sigansl au1-auN of thyristor valves U1 can be taken in a time sharing manner by a microcomputer MC and, after one or more logical data of voltage detection are taken in at every each value to be stored in an RAM circuit 22, the obstacle discrimination program preliminarily stored in an ROM circuit 24 is practiced to perform the discrimination of the element obstacles of the valves U1, X1. When the obstacle of a thyristor element is discovered, obstacle data such as an obstacle signal, the number of obstacles or the like are sent out as an output signal C from an I/O circuit 23. By this mechanism, the diagnosis of the element obstacle can be performed by a reduced number of the microcomputers and the enhancement in space efficiency and economical effect can be achieved.

Degree-of-risk judging method, preventing method and device for touching accident of car

Abstract: PURPOSE:To exactly judge whether a car touches an obstacle or not by comparing the value of a rotation radius at one point in a car during its travelling on a curved road with the value of distance when the distance between a rotation center point and the obstacle becomes minimum. CONSTITUTION:When a car 1 turns to the left, the value of a distance l between an obstacle detector 7 and the point B of an obstacle 8 is detected by the obstacle detector 7, and a distance r between a rotation center point O and the point B of the obstacle 8 is evaluated by an arithmetic operation from the distance l, the rotation radius R of a point A on the outside surface of car 1, and distances a, b shown in the drawing. And, whether or not the car 1 makes contact with the obstacle 8 or approaches to a dangerous distance during its left turning is judged by the comparing the above described values R, r, with each other. A plurality of said detector 7 are preferably provided, or when the detector 7 detects a distance l, said value is stored, allowing more correct judgemention degree-of-risk to be done by comparing R, r values with each other, during the time when the point A moves to the point A'.

Regularity for solutions to obstacle problems

Abstract: This is a report on some research done jointly with William P. Ziemer at the Centre for Mathematical Analysis. The research establishes interior regularity for a solution to a classical obstacle problem of general type~

Protective guard rail for roadways adapted to protruding obstacles

Abstract: 1. Crash barrie for roads or highways, of the type comprising metallic rail elements (5, 5') supported by spaced apart supporting posts (3), and adapted to be implanted in front of a hard projecting obstacle such as a tree (2) situated between two posts (3), characterised in that the crash barrier comprises, at the level of the span concerned by the obstacle, a crushable resting support (10) fixed on one side of the barrier (1) between the rail and the obstacle, and reaching, on the other side, onto or in the immediate vicinity of the obstacle (2).

Driving of car

Abstract: PURPOSE:To decelerate and stop smoothly a traveling car when an object is detected by giving the stepless control to the drive of the car in accordance with the distance to an obstacle CONSTITUTION:The count value of a counter 6 means the contents of signal which show the distances between an obstacle 20 and the transmission and reception transducers 4a and 4b Then the counter count value is applied to a speed calculating circuit 8 via a D/A converter 7 to calculate the speed in accordance with the distance to the obstacle 20 Thus it is possible to obtain the signal for setting the driving speed needed to avoid the collision to the obstacle or for stopping the traveling car Then the output speed or stop is possible for the circuit 8 by a differential amplifier 9, a conduction control circuit 10, a switching circuit 11 and a speed detector 14 In such a way, the traveling car can be smoothly decelerated or stopped when an obstacle is detected

Snow plough for suspension on a front support frame of a push loader vehicle

Abstract: In the case of a snow plough, the clearing blade (1) of which is deflected increasingly upwards and backwards on striking an obstacle, in order to obtain a smaller increase or even a decrease of the deflection resistance compared to the known circular arc shaped deflection curve of the scraper edge (13) with increasing deflection height, the guideway (4), along which guide elements (6) are moved in the deflection movement, is divided into two guide sections (5, 5'). The guide sections (5, 5') do not lie on a common circular arc and have different centres of curvature, of which at least one may lie at infinity, so that this guide section (5') extends straight. If two curved guide sections are provided, their centres of curvature may also lie on different sides of the guideway (4).

Back obstacle display for vehicle

Abstract: PURPOSE:To enable positional indication of an obstacle in the entire detection area behind vehicles without complicating the construction by scanning the obstacle detection area with one ultrasonic transmitter/receiver. CONSTITUTION:One ultrasonic transmitter/receiver 1 provided on a bumper of a vehicle is controlled through a scan mechanism 3 to scan the entire obstacle area behind the vehicle. The scanning angle position of a transmitter/receiver 1 is detected through a potentiometer 2, an angle sensor interface circuit 5 responding to the mechanism 3 to control a display signal processing circuit 6 to which an obstacle detection output is applied from a sonar circuit 4. Therefore, a display unit 7 in the vehicle can indicates the position of an obstacle in the entire detection area behind the vehicle with a simple construction dispensing with a number of fixed ultrasonic wave transmitter/receiver.