Showing papers on "Occupancy published in 1987"

Habitat occupancy patterns of North American shrubsteppe birds: the effects of spatial scale

Abstract: Understanding the processes that underlie how birds select and use habitats depends on an accurate representation of the patterns of habitat occupancy. These patterns are sensitive to the spatial scale on which they are viewed. Densities of several shrubsteppe bird species in North America varied in relation to features of habitat structure at a biogeographic scale, but these associations disappeared at a regional scale within the shrubsteppe. In another regional comparison involving a different array of shrubsteppe plots and sites, densities of both sage trashers (Oreoscoptes montanus) and sage sparrows (Amphispiza belli) varied with habitat features in quite different ways than in the other regional analysis. A consideration of the pattens of distribution of the bird species in a multivariate habitat space created by Principal Components Analysis of the regional habitat data revealed several clear patterns, but these relationships generally failed to hold when the spatial scale was further reduced, to consider differences between plots at the same location. At this scale other bird-habitat relationships were apparent, but these patterns differed for populations of the same species at different sites. Consideration of habitat differences between areas within occupied territories versus unoccupied areas within plots revealed still other patterns of habitat occupancy. Some of these were consistent with those obtained in analyses at other scales, but many were not. How one characterizes the habitat occupancy of a species is thus dependent on the spatial scale used. We explore several factors that complicate bird-habitat analyses at different spatial scales, and conclude that these problems of scale are most likely to be circumvented by conducting studies at several hierarchically nested scales arranged on clearly defined environmental gradients over a reasonably long period of time.

Coastal Does Not Equal Littoral

Abstract: The coastal plains of the Australian continent are unquestionably highly significant in any assessment of its initial peopling, and also to an understanding of the development, maintenance and change of patterns of occupancy and resource usage, and of the way those patterns are adapted to changes in environment (both climatic and sea level changes, and the effects of human impact).

Occupancy indices and its application to planning of residential streets

Abstract: In the planning of residential streets in built-up areas, traffic management technique is essential. Especially in the areas where land readjustment has already put into practice, since fundamental improvement of streets is quite difficult, it is important to assign properly existing space to each transportation means.From this point of view, by modefying the ordinary occupancy concept in traffic flow, this study proposes new occupancy indices for pedestrians, cycles and vehicles, in order to consider the suitable spatial assignment for individual means. Moreover, the paper shows the examples of applying these indices for the planning of residential streets.

Rent, occupancy and performance : a case study of apartment management

Abstract: Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1987.