Occupancy

About: Occupancy is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2757 publications have been published within this topic receiving 68288 citations.

Data mining for hotel occupancy rate: an independent component analysis approach.

Abstract: The recent global financial crisis and the threat of a worldwide H1N1 influenza epidemic have greatly affected the tourism and hospitality industries around the world. Both hospitality practitioners and researchers are interested in finding analytical methods that enable forecasts to be made of hotel room demand under the uncertain conditions likely to affect the industry. In this article, a novel data mining technique called independent component analysis (ICA) is proposed to establish the major factors determining the hotel occupancy rate in Hong Kong. Then, extension of the model is suggested, incorporating these factors to decompose hotel occupancy rates and examine the effect of each factor on the hotel occupancy rate. Empirical findings show that outbreaks of infectious diseases, economic performance, and service price were the major determinants of the hotel occupancy rate in Hong Kong over the period studied.

Occupancy Estimation using WiFi: A Case Study for Counting Passengers on Busses

Abstract: Occupancy estimation in public busses is growing in importance due to its usefulness in planning public transport systems effectively. Bus occupancy data can be used in real time by transport companies to better estimate demand, improve customer satisfaction while also enabling long-term analyses for the purpose of route optimisation. Additionally, in scenarios where busses are used to replace other modes of public transport, such as metropolitan trains during schedule/unscheduled stoppages, occupancy estimation can help operators determine the deployment requirements of replacement busses. In this paper, we present a low cost WiFi-based system for occupancy estimation in busses. In particular, we propose a novel algorithm for occupancy estimation that reduces the problem of overestimation encountered in WiFi-based occupancy estimation approaches. We validate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed algorithm and the WiFi-based occupancy estimation solution via a real-world experiment.

Density, occupancy, and detectability of lowland tapirs, Tapirus terrestris, in Vale Natural Reserve, southeastern Brazil

Abstract: The lowland tapir (Tapirus terrestris, Linnaeus 1758) is one of the surviving members of the Neotropical megafauna. In Brazil, lowland tapirs are considered vulnerable according to the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species and endangered within the Atlantic Rain Forest biome. We aimed to provide the 1st estimates of density and population size for T. terrestris for Vale Natural Reserve (VNR). We predicted the relationships of 6 covariates to habitat occupancy. Density was estimated by the use of distance-sampling techniques, while occupancy, detectability, and activity patterns were assessed with camera-trap monitoring at 39 sample sites over a 1-year period. Density for T. terrestris was 0.8±0.2 lowland tapirs/km2 and population size was 200±33 individuals. Occupancy probability was described by 2 covariates (density of palm trees and distance to water resources) and detectability by those same 2 covariates plus 2 more (distance to road and density of poaching). The species showed the 3 highest peaks of activity at 1900, 2300, and 0400 h. We concluded that VNR still harbors a viable population of lowland tapirs. However, anthropic impacts in the reserve such as poaching and road kills could already be directly affecting the lowland tapir population and producing indirect effects for the whole ecosystem. Results presented herein can be a starting point to support future work in the region and to make predictions regarding the ecosystem relationships, management, and conservation of lowland tapirs.

Assessing habitat requirements of pond-breeding amphibians in a highly urbanized landscape: implications for management

Abstract: Management of urban aquatic habitats for native wildlife, such as amphibians, is an important contemporary goal for many municipalities. However, our understanding of how local and landscape characteristics of urban aquatic habitat promote or inhibit amphibian occupancy and recruitment is limited. In this study, we examined amphibian community composition and occurrence patterns in ponds, wetlands, and swales of Gresham, Oregon. We collected occurrence data for five native amphibians: northwestern salamander (Ambystoma gracile), long-toed salamander (A. macrodactylum), Pacific chorus frog (Pseudacris regilla), northern red-legged frog (Rana aurora aurora), and rough-skinned newt (Taricha granulosa) as well as one non-native amphibian, the American bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus). One hundred sites were surveyed from 2007 to 2013. Local and landscape attributes were characterized for each site, and potential drivers of species occupancy were evaluated using a combination of multivariate approaches and generalized linear models. In general, percent impervious surface and distance to nearest forest patch, both associated with urbanization, were negatively correlated with site occupancy for all species. Non-native vegetation was also negatively associated with occupancy of three species (long-toed salamanders, Pacific chorus frogs, and northern red-legged frogs). In contrast, occupancy was positively correlated with pond depth and hydroperiod length for all species. We found evidence of two distinct groups of co-occurring amphibian species driven by habitat depth and hydroperiod. Finally, we report results of threshold analyses that examined species-specific habitat associations. This study describes urban habitat associations of a native amphibian community, identifies factors with positive, negative or mixed relationships with amphibian species, and is an important step in informing the management of urban aquatic habitat to promote persistence of native amphibians.

Site occupancy dynamics of northern spotted owls in the eastern Cascades, Washington, USA, 1990-2003.

Abstract: Northern spotted owls (Strix occidentalis caurina) have received intense research and management interest since their listing as a threatened species by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service in 1990. Several spotted owl (Strix occidentalis) response variables have been examined in various investigations, but recent advances in statistical modeling permit evaluations of temporal and spatial variability in site occupancy, local-extinction, and colonization probabilities while incorporating imperfect detection probabilities. Following recent work by other researchers on site occupancy dynamics of spotted owls in Oregon, USA, we evaluated temporal variability of detection, occupancy, local-extinction, and colonization probabilities for spotted owls, as well as potential influences of barred owl (Strix varia) presence on these parameters. We used spotted owl survey data collected from 1990 to 2003 on a study area in the eastern Cascades Mountains, Washington, USA, to compare competing occupancy ...