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Occupancy

About: Occupancy is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2757 publications have been published within this topic receiving 68288 citations.


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TL;DR: In this article , the authors use occupancy models to quantify the effect of changes in temperature, precipitation and floral resources on bumblebee site occupancy over the past 12 decades in North America, finding no evidence of genuswide declines in site occupancy, but do find that occupancy is strongly related to temperature, and is only weakly related to precipitation or floral resources.
Abstract: Mounting evidence suggests that climate change, agricultural intensification and disease are impacting bumblebee health and contributing to species’ declines. Identifying how these factors impact insect communities at large spatial and temporal scales is difficult, partly because species may respond in different ways. Further, the necessary data must span large spatial and temporal scales, which usually means they comprise aggregated, presence-only records collected using numerous methods (e.g. diversity surveys, educational collections, citizen-science projects, standardized ecological surveys). Here, we use occupancy models, which explicitly correct for biases in the species observation process, to quantify the effect of changes in temperature, precipitation and floral resources on bumblebee site occupancy over the past 12 decades in North America. We find no evidence of genus-wide declines in site occupancy, but do find that occupancy is strongly related to temperature, and is only weakly related to precipitation or floral resources. We also find that more species are likely to be climate change ‘losers’ than ‘winners’ and that this effect is primarily associated with changing temperature. Importantly, all trends were highly species-specific, highlighting that genus or community-wide measures may not reflect diverse species-specific patterns that are critical in guiding allocation of conservation resources.

18 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Evidence is presented suggesting that some of the differences in occupancy between the control and burned area may be due to fewer nest predators in the burned area in 2003, and it appears that the control area is becoming a less suitable habitat for kestrels as the forest continues to mature, whereas the burn area is still providing viable habitat for the birds.
Abstract: There is currently a great deal of interest in documenting habitat use of birds in the boreal forest, especially in response to disturbances such as harvesting and forest fires. Studies have shown that some avian species are much more common in recently burned areas, whereas others are absent. Despite this, we know little about the immediate effect of a large forest fire, and its considerable alteration of habitat, on birds during a single breeding season. In 1995, a 72,000-ha forest fire in our study area gave us the opportunity to assess the effects of fire on reproduction of American kestrels (Falco sparverius) in comparison to an adjacent control area. In addition, we also examined territory occupancy by kestrels in the burned and control areas 8 y following the fire. We found no immediate effect of the fire on body condition of adult kestrels, their ability to hatch eggs, or to fledge at least one young. Birds breeding in the area that burned, however, did fledge fewer offspring per nest, and these nestlings had reduced body mass compared to control nests, possibly because of an immediate reduction in available prey following the fire. Nonetheless, given the profound alteration of habitat following the fire, the fact than any birds remained to continue breeding is remarkable. Territory occupancy of the burned area in 2003 was similar to 1995, the year of the fire, but occupancy in the adjacent control area declined during this period. It therefore appears that the control area is becoming a less suitable habitat for kestrels as the forest continues to mature, whereas the burned area is still providing viable habitat for kestrels. We present evidence suggesting that some of the differences in occupancy between the control and burned area may be due to fewer nest predators in the burned area in 2003.

18 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a conceptual and empirical basis is presented for the use of hotel occupancy data in monitoring hotel performance and marketing hotels, and a model is developed differentiating between two fundamental aspects of a hotel's occupancy performance-its proportionality component, reflecting its occupancy response to national demand conditions and its competitive component, resulting from regional, local and unique factors affecting its occupancy performance.

18 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used empirical data to determine whether and when change in occupancy is a good proxy for population change for a territorial species and compared the maximum likelihood estimates using a model-averaging approach with a Bayesian MCMC approach.
Abstract: Monitoring studies often use marked animals to estimate population abundance at small spatial scales However, at smaller scales, occupancy sampling, which uses detection/nondetection data, may be useful where sites are approximately territories, and occupancy dynamics should be strongly correlated with population dynamics Occupancy monitoring has advantages in that it is less expensive and invasive, and marked animals are not needed Here, we used empirical data to determine whether and when change in occupancy is a good proxy for population change for a territorial species As part of this overall goal, we also compared maximum-likelihood estimates using a model-averaging approach with a Bayesian MCMC approach We used field data collected from 1993 to 2013 on three study areas for California spotted owls (Strix occidentalis occidentalis), a territorial species Although correlations for trajectories of realized population change (Δt) between territory occupancy and Pradel models were moderate to high for Bayesian MCMC-based estimates and high for model-averaged estimates, magnitudes of the trajectories were different with the Pradel model reporting greater magnitudes of change For the two areas showing a decline, Δt for the Pradel model was approximately 20–30% lower than for the occupancy model, and 25% higher in the area showing an increase These differences can arise because the occupancy model is less sensitive, in that if two owls share a territory, the loss of one may be reflected in survival and, consequently in Δt by the Pradel model, but because the territory remains occupied it is not reflected by the occupancy model Bayesian MCMC-based and model-averaged estimates of Δt were in close agreement in pattern (correlation ≥074) and magnitude (relative differences of last Δt were ≤5%) for both occupancy and mark–resight models Results from the Pradel model may lead to conservation actions necessary to avoid high extinction or extirpation risk for small populations, while results from the territory occupancy model may result in status quo management We found both Bayesian MCMC-based and model-averaged estimates of Δt robust approaches to evaluate population trends However, we recommend the Bayesian MCMC approach for estimating risk (eg, probability of declines) for retrospective analyses

18 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a combination of data analytics applied to measurements from a building's structural dynamics sensors (e.g., accelerometers or geophones) provides evidence of occupancy in a building area.
Abstract: Counting the number of occupants in building areas over time---occupancy tracking---provides valuable information for responding to emergencies, optimizing thermal conditions or managing personnel. This capability is distinct from tracking individual building occupants as they move within a building, has lower complexity than conventional tracking algorithms require and avoids privacy concerns that tracking individuals may pose. The approach proposed here is a novel combination of data analytics applied to measurements from a building's structural dynamics sensors (e.g., accelerometers or geophones). Specifically, measurements of footstep-generated structural waves provide evidence of occupancy in a building area. These footstep vibrations can be distinguished from other vibrations, and, once identified, the footsteps can be located. These locations, in turn, form the starting point of estimating occupancy in an area. In order to provide a meaningful occupancy count, however, it is first necessary to associate discrete footsteps with individuals. The proposed framework incorporates a tractable algorithm for this association task. The proposed algorithms operate on-line, updating occupancy count over time as new footsteps are detected. Experiments with measurements from a public building illustrate the operation of the proposed framework. This approach offers an advantage over others based on conventional technologies by avoiding the cost of a separate sensor system devoted to occupancy tracking.

18 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
2023669
20221,420
2021234
2020217
2019236
2018209