scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question
Topic

Occupancy

About: Occupancy is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2757 publications have been published within this topic receiving 68288 citations.


Papers
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
16 Sep 2015-PLOS ONE
TL;DR: The authors' modeling results suggest hunters target intact forest where carnivore occupancy, abundance, and species richness, are highest, and demand effective management plans to target the influx of exotic carnivores and unsustainable hunting that is affecting carnivore populations across Madagascar and worldwide.
Abstract: The wide-ranging, cumulative, negative effects of anthropogenic disturbance, including habitat degradation, exotic species, and hunting, on native wildlife has been well documented across a range of habitats worldwide with carnivores potentially being the most vulnerable due to their more extinction prone characteristics. Investigating the effects of anthropogenic pressures on sympatric carnivores is needed to improve our ability to develop targeted, effective management plans for carnivore conservation worldwide. Utilizing photographic, line-transect, and habitat sampling, as well as landscape analyses and village-based bushmeat hunting surveys, we provide the first investigation of how multiple forms of habitat degradation (fragmentation, exotic carnivores, human encroachment, and hunting) affect carnivore occupancy across Madagascar's largest protected area: the Masoala-Makira landscape. We found that as degradation increased, native carnivore occupancy and encounter rates decreased while exotic carnivore occupancy and encounter rates increased. Feral cats (Felis species) and domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) had higher occupancy than half of the native carnivore species across Madagascar's largest protected landscape. Bird and small mammal encounter rates were negatively associated with exotic carnivore occupancy, but positively associated with the occupancy of four native carnivore species. Spotted fanaloka (Fossa fossana) occupancy was constrained by the presence of exotic feral cats and exotic small Indian civet (Viverricula indica). Hunting was intense across the four study sites where hunting was studied, with the highest rates for the small Indian civet (mean=90 individuals consumed/year), the ring-tailed vontsira (Galidia elegans) (mean=58 consumed/year), and the fosa (Cryptoprocta ferox) (mean=31 consumed/year). Our modeling results suggest hunters target intact forest where carnivore occupancy, abundance, and species richness, are highest. These various anthropogenic pressures and their effects on carnivore populations, especially increases in exotic carnivores and hunting, have wide-ranging, global implications and demand effective management plans to target the influx of exotic carnivores and unsustainable hunting that is affecting carnivore populations across Madagascar and worldwide.

67 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In 1864, the United States Army removed ten thousand Navajo Indians from their homeland in Arizona to a reservation in New Mexico, where they became dispirited and suffered from hunger, drought, and disease as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: In 1864, the United States Army removed ten thousand Navajo Indians from their homeland in Arizona to a reservation in New Mexico. Two hundred people died on the trek, which the Navajos still refer to as their “Long Walk.” Prior to the Long Walk, the Navajos had been a raiding society, stealing livestock from white settlements. To stop the raiding, the United States moved them to an isolated location. But the removal was not a success: the Navajos were unused to farming and their crops failed; they were required to live in adobe villages rather than their traditional hogans; and they had to share their reservation with the Apaches, tribal enemies. During their time at the reservation, the Navajos became dispirited and suffered from hunger, drought, and disease. Many tribe members died, and more ran away. Finally, in 1868, the United States allowed the survivors to return to their lands in Arizona, unlike most other tribes it relocated during the War for the West. The moral issues raised by the Navajo case are typical of territorial removals, including the expulsions of Germans and Poles following

67 citations

01 Jan 2005
TL;DR: Results suggest that for both heating and coolingdominant climates, adaptive comfort control effectively reduces cooling requirements, yet operable window use during cooler conditions appear to increase heating requirements.
Abstract: This study sets out to bridge the gap between building energy simulation and empirical evidence on occupant behaviour. The major output is a self-contained simulation module that aims to control all occupant-related phenomena which can affect energy use in buildings. It provides high resolution and high frequency occupancy prediction (i.e. when occupants as individual agents occupy a modelled environment), occupant-sensing control (i.e. as driven by the mere presence of one or more occupants, such as occupancy-sensing lighting controls), as well as advanced behavioural models (i.e. active personal control, such as manual switching of lights, manual adjustments to window blinds, operable windows, personalized air-conditioning units). The module is integrated within the ESP-r free software, a whole-building energy simulation program. Simulation results clearly show that occupants-based phenomena exert a strong influence on simulated energy use, revealing a number of limitations in key assumptions in current energy simulation practice. Key behavioural traits, commonly associated to lighting behavioural patterns, also appear to be associated to personal control of operable windows, as demonstrated in a pilot field study in a Université Laval pavilion in Québec. This may suggest an abstract quality to certain behavioural concepts regarding different environmental controls. The study then focuses on the use of the developed work to investigate the energy saving potential of novel yet untried strategies: adaptive comfort control algorithms in hybrid environments, based on the use of operable windows as switching mechanisms between natural and artificial modes of environmental control. Results suggest that for both heatingand coolingdominant climates, adaptive comfort control effectively reduces cooling requirements, yet operable window use during cooler conditions appear to increase heating requirements. The usefulness of the original method is here illustrated by providing a more complete view on energy use attributed to occupant behaviour. 2 http://www.gnu.org/

66 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: To increase tiger populations and to promote long-term persistence in Nepal, otherwise suitable areas should be managed to increase prey and minimize human disturbance especially in critical corridors linking core tiger populations.
Abstract: Tigers are globally endangered and continue to decline due to poaching, prey depletion and habitat loss. In Nepal, tiger populations are fragmented and found mainly in four protected areas (PAs). To establish the use of standard methods, to assess the importance of prey availability and human disturbance on tiger presence and to assess tiger occupancy both inside and outside PAs, we conducted a tiger occupancy survey throughout the Terai Arc Landscape of Nepal. Our model-average estimate of the probability of tiger site occupancy was 0.366 [standard error (se) = 0.02, a 7% increase from the naive estimate] and the probability of detection estimate was 0.65 (se = 0.08) per 1 km searched. Modeled tiger site occupancy ranged from 0.04 (se = 0.05) in areas with a relatively lower prey base and higher human disturbance to 1 (se = 0 and 0.14) in areas with a higher prey base and lower human disturbance. We estimated tigers occupied just 5049 (se = 3) km2 (36%) of 13 915 km2 potential tiger habitat (forests and grasslands), and we detected sign in four of five key corridors linking PAs across Nepal and India, respectively indicating significant unoccupied areas likely suitable for tigers and substantial potential for tiger dispersal. To increase tiger populations and to promote long-term persistence in Nepal, otherwise suitable areas should be managed to increase prey and minimize human disturbance especially in critical corridors linking core tiger populations.

65 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a framework to model personalized occupancy profiles for representing occupants' long-term presence patterns is proposed, where a personalized occupancy profile is described as typical weekday/weekend occupancy probability as a function of time for a specific occupant.

65 citations


Network Information
Related Topics (5)
Land use
57K papers, 1.1M citations
73% related
Urban planning
52.4K papers, 859.1K citations
73% related
Sustainability
129.3K papers, 2.5M citations
72% related
Ecosystem services
28K papers, 997.1K citations
72% related
Sampling (statistics)
65.3K papers, 1.2M citations
71% related
Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
2023669
20221,420
2021234
2020217
2019236
2018209