Occupancy

About: Occupancy is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2757 publications have been published within this topic receiving 68288 citations.

On the Prediction of Lighting Energy Savings Achieved by Occupancy Sensors

Abstract: Advanced lighting controls are used to reduce lighting energy consumption. One such control is the use of occupancy sensors. Energy savings achievable by occupancy sensors depend on the occupancy pattern, which is related to building and occupant characteristics. The occupancy pattern has some degree of randomness for many building types. This article describes a method for the prediction of occupancy and lighting energy consumption based on user defined probabilities. Real lighting energy consumption from a recent retrofit program was used to demonstrate the model calculation. Comparison of the energy saving potential from different delay time settings was also made.

Integrating Occupancy Modeling and Camera-Trap Data to Estimate Medium and Large Mammal Detection and Richness in a Central American Biological Corridor:

Abstract: Noninvasive camera-traps are commonly used to survey mammal communities in the Neotropics. This study used camera -traps to survey medium and large mammal diversity in the San JuanLa SelvaBiological Corridor, Costa Rica. The connectivity of the corridor is affected by the spread of large -scale agriculture, cattle ranching, and a growing human presence. An occupancy modeling approach was used to estimate corridor species richness and specie-specific detection probabilities in 16 forested sites within four different matrix -use categories: eco-lodge reserves, tree plantations/general reforestation, cattle ranches, and pineapple/agricultural plantations. Rarity had a highly negative effect (�≤ =-1.96 ± 0.65 SE) on the ability to detect species presence. Corridor richness was estimated at 20.4 ± 0.66 species and was lower than that observed in protected areas in the Neotropics. Forest cover was significantly less at pineapp le plantations than other land-use matrices. Richness estimates for different land -use matrices were highly variable with no significant differences; however, pineapple plantations exhibited the highest observed richness. Given the limited forest cover at those sites, we bel ieve that this reflects the concentrated occurrence of medium and large mammals in small forest patches, particularly because the majority o f pineapple plantation communities were generalist mesopredators. Fragmentation and connectivity will need to be addres sed with reforestation and limitations on pineapple production for the region to function as an effective corridor. Occupancy modeling has only rece ntly been applied to camera-trap data and our results suggest that this approach provides robust richness an d detection probability estimates and should be further explored.

On the effect of service life conditions on the maintenance costs of healthcare facilities

Abstract: Global competitiveness and increasing performance requirements have placed facilities management (FM) under constraints of limited resources, particularly in non‐core aspects of facilities, such as maintenance and operations. The hypothesis applied in this research is that the actual service life of buildings, their occupancy and their ambient environmental conditions affect the required maintenance resources of these facilities. The objective was to develop a facility coefficient aiming to adjust the allocation of maintenance resources to prevailing service conditions in healthcare facilities. The research uses deterioration patterns and predicted service lives of building components and systems under moderate, standard and intensive occupancy and under two categories of environment: marine and inland. In total, five configurations combining occupancy and environmental conditions were investigated through simulations and compared to a reference configuration defined as standard occupancy and inland envir...

Coastal Does Not Equal Littoral

Abstract: The coastal plains of the Australian continent are unquestionably highly significant in any assessment of its initial peopling, and also to an understanding of the development, maintenance and change of patterns of occupancy and resource usage, and of the way those patterns are adapted to changes in environment (both climatic and sea level changes, and the effects of human impact).

Lions and leopards coexist without spatial, temporal or demographic effects of interspecific competition

Abstract: Although interspecific competition plays a principal role in shaping species behaviour and demography, little is known about the population-level outcomes of competition between large carnivores, and the mechanisms that facilitate coexistence. We conducted a multilandscape analysis of two widely distributed, threatened large carnivore competitors to offer insight into coexistence strategies and assist with species-level conservation. We evaluated how interference competition affects occupancy, temporal activity and population density of a dominant competitor, the lion (Panthera leo), and its subordinate competitor, the leopard (Panthera pardus). We collected camera-trap data over 3 years in 10 study sites covering 5,070 km2 . We used multispecies occupancy modelling to assess spatial responses in varying environmental and prey conditions and competitor presence, and examined temporal overlap and the relationship between lion and leopard densities across sites and years. Results showed that both lion and leopard occupancy was independent of-rather than conditional on-their competitor's presence across all environmental covariates. Marginal occupancy probability for leopard was higher in areas with more bushy, "hideable" habitat, human (tourist) activity and topographic ruggedness, whereas lion occupancy decreased with increasing hideable habitat and increased with higher abundance of very large prey. Temporal overlap was high between carnivores, and there was no detectable relationship between species densities. Lions pose a threat to the survival of individual leopards, but they exerted no tractable influence on leopard spatial or temporal dynamics. Furthermore, lions did not appear to suppress leopard populations, suggesting that intraguild competitors can coexist in the same areas without population decline. Aligned conservation strategies that promote functioning ecosystems, rather than target individual species, are therefore advised to achieve cost- and space-effective conservation.