Topic
Occupational medicine
About: Occupational medicine is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 3779 publications have been published within this topic receiving 90305 citations. The topic is also known as: industrial medicine & work medicine.
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TL;DR: The criteria outlined in "The Environment and Disease: Association or Causation?" help identify the causes of many diseases, including cancers of the reproductive system.
Abstract: In 1965, Austin Bradford Hill published the article "The Environment and Disease: Association or Causation?" in the Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine. In the article, Hill describes nine criteria to determine if an environmental factor, especially a condition or hazard in a work environment, causes an illness. The article arose from an inaugural presidential address Hill gave at the 1965 meeting of the Section of Occupational Medicine of the Royal Society of Medicine in London, England. The criteria he established in the article became known as the Bradford Hill criteria and the medical community refers to them when determining whether an environmental condition causes an illness. The criteria outlined in "The Environment and Disease: Association or Causation?" help identify the causes of many diseases, including cancers of the reproductive system.
6,992 citations
TL;DR: A wide range of human illness including lung cancer and mesothelioma in persons exposed to asbestos, leukemia in people exposed to benzene, asthma and chronic bronchitis in persons exposure to organic dusts, lung cancer in persons exposing to radon, chronic disorders of the nervous system in workers exposed to solvents, kidney failure and hypertension in persons chronically exposed to lead, heart disease in personsexposed to carbon disulfide, impairment of reproductive function in persons tested for exposure to certain Solvents and pesticides, and chronic.
Abstract: ENVIRONMENTAL and occupational diseases encompass a wide range of human illness and are important causes of disability and death in modern American society.1 , 2 They include lung cancer and mesothelioma in persons exposed to asbestos, leukemia in persons exposed to benzene, asthma and chronic bronchitis in persons exposed to organic dusts, lung cancer in persons exposed to radon, chronic disorders of the nervous system in workers exposed to solvents, kidney failure and hypertension in persons chronically exposed to lead, heart disease in persons exposed to carbon disulfide, impairment of reproductive function in persons exposed to certain solvents and pesticides, and chronic . . .
1,042 citations
TL;DR: The proportion of the population exposed to occupational noise was estimated using noise exposure data from the US National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), adjusted by data on the distribution of the work force by occupational category and economic sector, and economic activity rates in each WHO subregion as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Background
Excessive noise is a global occupational health hazard with considerable social and physiological impacts, including noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). This paper describes the worldwide morbidity of occupational NIHL in the year 2000.
Methods
The proportion of the population exposed to occupational noise was estimated using noise exposure data from the US National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), adjusted by data on the distribution of the work force by occupational category and economic sector, and economic activity rates in each WHO subregion. These values for the exposed population and risk measures for NIHL were used to develop estimates of the attributable fraction (AF) of adult-onset hearing loss resulting from occupational noise exposure. The AFs were applied to WHO estimates of total disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from adult-onset hearing loss to estimate the DALYs due to occupational noise.
Results
Worldwide, 16% of the disabling hearing loss in adults (over 4 million DALYs) is attributed to occupational noise, ranging from 7% to 21% in the various subregions. The effects of the exposure to occupational noise are larger for males than females in all subregions and higher in the developing regions.
Conclusions
Occupational noise is a significant cause of adult-onset hearing loss. The majority of this NIHL burden can be minimized by the use of engineering controls to reduce the generation of noise at its source. Am. J. Ind. Med. 48:446–458, 2005. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
833 citations
TL;DR: The authors conclude that the exclusion of unhealthy workers at employment and the study of active workers are the two main sources of HWE, and that the use of the general population as a comparison group in occupational epidemiology should be avoided if possible.
Abstract: This review article alms to anatomize sources of the healthy worker effect (HWE) and to summarize advantages and limitations of several approaches frequently proposed to eliminate the HWE. Although the HWE is frequently addressed in the context of selection bias, our review suggests that the selection of occupational cohorts with advantageous health status would preferably be addressed as a source of confounding biases. The authors also conclude that the exclusion of unhealthy workers at employment and the study of active workers are the two main sources of HWE, and that the use of the general population as a comparison group in occupational epidemiology should be avoided if possible. The authors encourage investigators to make distinctions between the underlying factors related to the use of the general population as the comparison group in occupational epidemiology.
720 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1983
TL;DR: Environmental & Occupational Causes of Toxic Kidney & Urinary Tract Injury, and the Role of Surveillance in Occupational Health: The Occupational/Environmental History & Examination.
Abstract: ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL DISEASE: The Discipline of Environmental & Occupational Medicine Role of Surveillance in Occupational Health The Occupational/Environmental History & Examination Epidemiology of Occupational Diseases Occupational Biostatistics Impairment, Disability & Functional Capacity DNA & the Double Helix TP53 Tumor Suppressor Gene Biomarkers Genetic Susceptibility Environmental Mutagenesis Occupational Exposures & Effects on Reproduction Particle Deposition & Pulmonary Defense Mechanisms Lung Immune Defenses Against Environmental Agents Pulmonary Function Testing Radiographic Assessment of Pneumoconioses Molecular Mechanisms of Particle-Induced Lung Disease Fiber Analysis Asbestosis, Pleural Fibrosis & Lung Cancer Malignant Mesothelioma Manmade Vitreous Fibers Respiratory Disease in Coal Miners Silica Exposure Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis Inhalation Fever Occupational & Environmental Asthma Environment, Genes & Immune Mechanisms in Asthma Firefighter's Health & Health Effects of the World Trade Center Collapse International Byssinosis Isocyanate Exposures Occupational Exposures as a Cause of Chronic Airway Disease Lung Diseases Associated with Silicates & Other Dust Respiratory Tract Irritants Simple Asphyxiants Chemical Asphyxiants Agricultural Dust Lung & Other Disease Upper Airway Disorders Occupational Skin Disease Toxic Peripheral Neuropathy Behavioral Neurotoxicology Occupational Heart Disease Occupational Eye Disorders Occupational Infections Terrorism Preparedness HIV in the Workplace Occupational Risk of Tuberculosis Care Hematologic Effects of Occupational Hazards Toxic Liver Disorders Environmental & Occupational Causes of Toxic Kidney & Urinary Tract Injury Occupational Bladder Cancer Psychiatric Syndromes Common to the Workplace Alcohol & Drug Abuse in Industry Psychological Job Stress Multiple Chemical Sensitivity Gulf War Illness Occupational Safety & Human Factors Ergonomics & Occupational Biomechanics Nonspecific Low Back Pain Carpal Tunnel Syndrome ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURES: Toxicogenomics Lead Mercury Cadmium Arsenic Beryllium Disease Hard Metal Disease Chromium Compounds Nickel Compounds Metal Compounds & Rare Earths Organic Solvents & Fuels Benzene Formaldehyde Ethylene Oxide Pesticides Agent Orange, Military Herbicides & Dioxins Pentachlorophenol & Tetrachlorophenol Polychlorinated Biphenyls Trimellitic Anhydride & Other Acid Anhydrides Carbon Disulfide N Nitrosamines Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons & Petroleum Industry Occupational Hazards in the Microelectronics Industry Radiation Carcinogenesis Nonionizing Radiation Occupational Exposure to Noise Dysbarism High-Altitude Illnesses Hot & Cold Work Environments Occupational Exposure to Vibration Shift Work Sleep Disorders & Work Sick Building Syndrome & Building-Related Illness Air Pollution: Outdoor & Indoor Sources Air Pollution: Epidemiology Air Pollution: Human Health Studies Air Pollution: Toxicologic Studies Ozone Nitrogen Oxides Sulfur Dioxide Particulate Matter Acid Rain Cigarette Smoking Bioaccumulation & Toxicities of Aromatic Hydrocarbon Contaminants in the Hudson River Ecosystem The Built Environment Global Warming Chlorofluorocarbons & Destruction of the Ozone Layer CONTROL OF ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES & EXPOSURES: Environmental Law & Policy Clean Air Act OSHA & NIOSH EPA Environmental Health at the Centers for Disease Control & Prevention & the Agency for Toxic Substances & Disease Registry Risk Assessment & Economic Evaluation Workers' Compensation International Occupational/Environmental Health Children's Environmental Health Research Disparities in Environmental & Occupational Health Industrial Hygiene Measurement & Control Respirators The Occupational Health Service Moral Questions of Occupational/Environmental Medicine New Frontiers in Environmental Health Research
710 citations