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Octane rating

About: Octane rating is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 5714 publications have been published within this topic receiving 88907 citations. The topic is also known as: octane number.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the problems of sulfur reduction in highway and non-road fuels and present an overview of new approaches and emerging technologies for ultra-deep desulfurization of refinery streams for ultra clean (ultra-low-sulfur) gasoline, diesel fuels and jet fuels.

1,874 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 2009
TL;DR: The development of advanced compression-ignition (CI) engines can deliver both high efficiencies and very low NOX and particulate (PM) emissions, but unlike conventional diesel engines, the charge is highly dilute and premixed (or partially premixed) to achieve low emissions as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Advanced compression-ignition (CI) engines can deliver both high efficiencies and very low NOX and particulate (PM) emissions. Efficiencies are comparable to conventional diesel engines, but unlike conventional diesel engines, the charge is highly dilute and premixed (or partially premixed) to achieve low emissions. Dilution is accomplished by operating either lean or with large amounts of EGR. The development of these advanced CI engines has evolved mainly along two lines. First, for fuels other than diesel, a combustion process commonly known as homogeneous charge compression-ignition (HCCI) is generally used, in which the charge is premixed before being compression ignited. Although termed “homogeneous,” there are always some thermal or mixture inhomogeneities in real HCCI engines, and it is sometimes desirable to introduce additional stratification. Second, for diesel fuel (which autoignites easily but has low volatility) an alternative low-temperature combustion (LTC) approach is used, in which the autoignition is closely coupled to the fuel-injection event to provide control over ignition timing. To obtain dilute LTC, this approach relies on high levels of EGR, and injection timing is typically shifted 10–15° CA earlier or later than for conventional diesel combustion so temperatures are lower, which delays ignition and provides more time for premixing. Although these advanced CI combustion modes have important advantages, there are difficulties to implementing them in practical engines. In this article, the principles of HCCI and diesel LTC engines are reviewed along with the results of research on the in-cylinder processes. This research has resulted in substantial progress toward overcoming the main challenges facing these engines, including: improving low-load combustion efficiency, increasing the high-load limit, understanding fuel effects, and maintaining low NOX and PM emissions over the operating range.

919 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A bifunctional catalyst composed of reducible metal oxides and zeolites that yields high selectivity to gasoline-range hydrocarbons with a high octane number directly from CO2 hydrogenation is prepared and suggests promising prospects for industrial applications.
Abstract: Although considerable progress has been made in carbon dioxide (CO2) hydrogenation to various C1 chemicals, it is still a great challenge to synthesize value-added products with two or more carbons, such as gasoline, directly from CO2 because of the extreme inertness of CO2 and a high C-C coupling barrier. Here we present a bifunctional catalyst composed of reducible indium oxides (In2O3) and zeolites that yields a high selectivity to gasoline-range hydrocarbons (78.6%) with a very low methane selectivity (1%). The oxygen vacancies on the In2O3 surfaces activate CO2 and hydrogen to form methanol, and C-C coupling subsequently occurs inside zeolite pores to produce gasoline-range hydrocarbons with a high octane number. The proximity of these two components plays a crucial role in suppressing the undesired reverse water gas shift reaction and giving a high selectivity for gasoline-range hydrocarbons. Moreover, the pellet catalyst exhibits a much better performance during an industry-relevant test, which suggests promising prospects for industrial applications.

663 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the performance and pollutant emission of a commercial SI engine using ethanol-gasoline blended fuels with various blended rates (0, 5, 10, 20, 30%).

614 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of fuel structure and additives on the homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) of pure hydrocarbon fuels and mixtures under well-determined conditions were studied.

546 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
2023109
2022209
2021126
2020180
2019250
2018229