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Showing papers on "Offset (computer science) published in 1986"


Journal ArticleDOI
Rida T. Farouki1
TL;DR: A fully automatic tolerance-based surface offset capability may be developed by providing feedback between stages (3) and (2), successive degrees of parametric sub-division being determined by the errors from prior approximations until the desired accuracy is achieved.

165 citations


Patent
17 Dec 1986
TL;DR: In this article, an offset correcting loop for detecting offset component possibly produced due to tilt, deformation and eccentricity of a recording medium or change in optical and mechanical parameters in the course of time lapse is presented.
Abstract: A tracking servo system includes in addition to a composite servo system composed of a push-pull track deviation detecting loop operative with pregrooves formed in an optical disc and a wobbling track deviation detecting loop operative with intermittently provided wobbled tracking marks, an offset correcting loop for detecting offset component possibly produced due to tilt, deformation and eccentricity of a recording medium or change in optical and mechanical parameters in the course of time lapse to drive forcibly a light spot by applying an electrical offset to cancel out the offset component. In the offset correcting loop, light reflected by wobbled tracking marks provided intermittently or mirror areas formed by interrupting intermittently the pregroove is utilized for detecting the offset component.

76 citations


Patent
06 Feb 1986
TL;DR: In this paper, the parallax phase offsets between correlated corresponding homologous points in the stereo images are measured and converted to an array of Z-depth data, indicative of the shape of the surface of the object.
Abstract: Three-dimensional measurement of a surface of an object under inspection is performed by projecting a light pattern upon the surface, having a periodic, smoothly varying light intensity in the X direction and having a non-changeable intensity in the Y direction in the manner of a grid, and thereafter electronically producing a pair of stereo images of the surface so illuminated by a pair of CCD arrays; measuring the parallax phase offsets between correlated corresponding homologous points in the stereo images, and converting the resulting parallax data to an array of Z-depth data, indicative of the shape of the surface of the object. A single left and right stereo snapshot is simultaneously obtained, so that relative motion between the object and the field of view has no adverse effect on accurate measurement, and the solid state light detection arrays are fully offset in an outboard direction with respect to the principal optical viewing axes, so that a stereo-based distance is provided which may be maximized to obtain more accurate measurements.

61 citations


Patent
07 Nov 1986
TL;DR: Trackwise disparity between inductive record and magneto-resistive playback heads which are built on a common support is measured and memorized as mentioned in this paper, and during head positioning, the memorized disparity is employed as a track-address bias for proper registration of the playback head, irrespective of its widthwise disparity relative to the record head.
Abstract: Trackwise disparity between inductive record and magneto-resistive playback heads which are built on a common support is measured and memorized. Thereafter, during head-positioning, the memorized disparity is employed as a track-address bias for proper registration of the playback head, irrespective of its widthwise disparity relative to the record head. To achieve the aforesaid measurement, the invention provides for a self-calibrating algorithmic routine that generates the aforesaid bias.

54 citations


Patent
Akira Minami1
27 Nov 1986
TL;DR: In this article, a system for controlling a light focusing unit to adjust a focus of light impinging on a track in a rotatable optical disc is presented, which includes an offset setting unit for continuously setting, during an offset adjustment mode, a plurality of offset parameters to the position control unit.
Abstract: A system for controlling a light focusing unit to adjust a focus of light impinging on a track in a rotatable optical disc (1). This control system includes a unit (27) for moving the light focusing unit (25) in a direction perpendicular to a plane of the optical disc (1); a unit (25, 24a, 23, 22, 29a, 29) for producing a focus error signal and a track error signal; and a unit (4) for controlling a position of the light focusing unit (25) through said moving unit (27) in response to the focus error signal and the offset parameter. The system further includes an offset setting unit for continuously setting, during an offset adjustment mode, a plurality of offset parameters to the position control unit (4), to determine a maximum amplitude of the track error signal, and to set the offset parameter producing the maximum amplitude of the track error signal to the position control unit (4). In a normal operation, the system effects the focus control in response to the set offset parameter and the focus error signal.

49 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
D. Marcuse1
TL;DR: In this paper, a simple theory for approximating the fundamental mode of a symmetric slab waveguide by a Gaussian function is presented, and the results of this theory are then used to derive simple formulas for tilt, offset, and end-separation losses of the fundamental slab mode.
Abstract: This paper presents a simple theory for approximating the fundamental mode of a symmetric slab waveguide by a Gaussian function. The results of this theory are then used to derive simple formulas for tilt, offset, and end-separation losses of the fundamental slab mode.

36 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A phase meter is presented which incorporates zero crossing detectors (ZCDs) with hysteresis and a new error correction technique is introduced which has been successfully implemented in the laboratory and is suitable for use in automated instruments.
Abstract: A phase meter is presented which incorporates zero crossing detectors (ZCDs) with hysteresis. The system performance is good when the ZCDs are bipolar comparators, but worse when they are operational amplifiers whose switching times are heavily dependent on both the amplitude and frequency of the input signal. To improve the performance, a new error correction technique is introduced which has been successfully implemented in the laboratory and is suitable for use in automated instruments. The technique is based on measuring the erroneous phase angle, then isolating the error sources and measuring the error angle separately. The difference between the two measured values is the correct phase. Thus using a computer in conjunction with lower quality hardware, the same results as with higher quality hardware were achieved.

30 citations


Patent
31 Mar 1986
TL;DR: In this paper, an improved fault detect algorithm and circuit is presented which quickly evaluates all the elements within a successive approximation A/D convertor without resorting to off-line measurements.
Abstract: An improved fault detect algorithm and circuit is disclosed which quickly evaluates substantially all the elements within a successive approximation A/D convertor without resorting to off-line measurements. This method utilizes a small alternating offset signal injected into the correction loop in addition to the already converted value to determine whether the elements within this loop are operating properly for any in range analog input value.

30 citations


Patent
27 Feb 1986
TL;DR: In this paper, a coordinate conversion system is provided for moving the manipulator arm and hand in response to an input command signal of the 3×4 matrix type, with a fixed offset between two of the secondary wrist axes.
Abstract: A coordinate conversion system is provided for moving the manipulator arm and hand in repsonse to an input command signal of the 3×4 matrix type. The manipulator is provided with a fixed offset between two of the secondary wrist axes so that a stronger wrist configuration is provided which can handle heavier payloads.

29 citations


Patent
14 Feb 1986
TL;DR: In this article, a digital computer system having a memory system organized into objects for storing data and a processor for processing data in response to instructions is described. But the memory system performs a memory operation for the processor only if the access control list for the object specified by the logical address allows the current subject to perform the desired memory operation.
Abstract: A digital computer system having a memory system organized into objects for storing data and a processor for processing data in response to instructions. An object identifier and an access control list are associated with each object. The memory system responds to logical addresses for data which specify the object containing the data and the offset of the data in the object and to a current subject for which the processor is referencing the data. The memory system performs a memory operation for the processor only if the access control list for the object specified by the logical address allows the current subject to perform the desired memory operation. The objects include procedure objects and data objects. The procedure objects contain procedures including the instructions and name tables associated with the procedures. The instructions contain operations codes and names representing data. Each name corresponds to a name table entry in the name table associated with the procedure. The name table for a name contains information from which the processor may derive the logical address for the data represented by the name. The processor may then use the logical address to specify a memory operation on the data represented by the name.

25 citations


Patent
19 Sep 1986
TL;DR: In this article, a method for locating hydrocarbon reservoirs or other geological anomalies by determining lithological parameters including Poisson's ratio, density and seismic wave velocity is proposed by quantitatively relating reflection wave amplitude to corrected source-detector offset data.
Abstract: A method for locating hydrocarbon reservoirs or other geological anomalies by determining lithological parameters including Poisson's ratio, density and seismic wave velocity. Such parameters are determined by quantitatively relating reflection wave amplitude to corrected source-detector offset data.


PatentDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a reference object is disposed in an image region with a subject to be examined, and the reference object has known parameters such as relaxation time, spin density, dimensions, and position.

Patent
31 Mar 1986
TL;DR: In this article, a proportional integral controller is used to control the speed offset between two shafts approaching synchronization, which is determined by calculating an error signal representative of the shaft speed differences.
Abstract: Disclosed is an electronic shaft synchronization system. The system employs a proportional integral controller for controlling the speed offset between two shafts approaching synchronization. The speed offset is determined by calculating an error signal representative of the shaft speed differences. Means for measuring the quality of the error signal is provided to allow the integrator to be initialized once the error signal reaches a first threshold. By initializing the integrator in this manner, the typical delay problem experienced with such integration is alleviated to allow a substantially faster synchronization between the shafts.

Patent
21 Feb 1986
TL;DR: In this paper, a horizontal scrolling apparatus that provides scrolling on a character-by-character basis including a screen memory and associated visual attribute memory having associated therewith a scroll control memory for storing at least one bit for controlling horizontal scrolling.
Abstract: A horizontal scrolling apparatus that provides scrolling on a character-by-character basis including a screen memory and associated visual attribute memory having associated therewith a scroll control memory for storing at least one bit for controlling horizontal scrolling. A latch controls writing into the scroll control memory to provide an enable bit therein, only in those locations corresponding to characters that are to be scrolled. An offset number is stored in an offset register, which number is variable under computer control. Operation of an adding circuit is responsive to sensing of the enable bit for adding the offset number to the present screen address to provide an offset address. The offset address is coupled to the video memory for display of the character associated with the offset address in the screen address position.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that once the shear wave components become a significant element in satisfying the Zoeppritz equations at a boundary, the pressure or P-wave amplitudes as a function of incidence angle (or offset if one prefers) begin to show more pronounced variations.
Abstract: As an alternative to an investigation of the shear‐wave propagation components, we may elect instead to take a more direct approach. Once the shear‐wave components become a significant element in satisfying the Zoeppritz equations at a boundary, the pressure or P-wave amplitudes as a function of incidence angle (or offset if one prefers) begin to show more pronounced variations. This occurs because of the constraints which are imposed by the governing equations.

Proceedings ArticleDOI
Roger Parson1
TL;DR: In this article, a modification of the back-projection method used by Gregory Beylkin in his velocity inversion algorithm was proposed for imaging reflection coefficients and incident angles of specular reflectors within the earth.
Abstract: Norman Bleistein recently proposed a modification of the back-projection method used by Gregory Beylkin in his velocity inversion algorithm. Bleistein's modification provides an algorithm for imaging reflection coefficients and incident angles of specular reflectors within the earth. One particular version of the algorithm can be used to image data for a single source-receiver offset. The images for several offsets can then be used in a multiparameter inversion scheme to give images of changes in subsurface mechanical properties. This development solves the problems in applying multiparameter inversion in areas where reflector structure is complicated and effects of raypath curvature are important. The author derives the Beylkin-Bleistein back-projection kernel for constant offset data and depth-dependent reference velocities. An imaging algorithm using the kernel is applied to seismic data shot over two reservoirs with different gas saturations. The results show that the multiparameter inversion method is more useful than single parameter methods for determining reservoir gas saturation.

Patent
05 Nov 1986
TL;DR: In this paper, an address boundary detector is proposed that monitors bits of addresses to determine whether a data item can be completely stored within the same block or page of memory as that addressed by the base address from which it was derived.
Abstract: An address boundary detector is disclosed that functions with an arithmetic logic unit (ALU) in a computer processor while the ALU generates addresses by adding an offset or displacement to a base address. The detector monitors bits of addresses to determine whether a data item can be completely stored within the same block or page of memory as that addressed by the base address from which it was derived.

Patent
19 Nov 1986
TL;DR: In this paper, a reference mark is provided by two cylindrical lenses (4, 5) which are arranged at an angle to each other and to the guidance direction, and it is possible to determine the absolute offset values (ΔX 1, ΔX 2 ) of two spaced incremental-correction measurement systems (K1, K2), using pairs of pulses (A 1/2, B 1 /2 ) generated by two signal transmitters (KNIP1, KNIP2).
Abstract: In order to initiate the operation of an incremental-correction measurement system, which measures such guidance errors as instantaneous lateral offset of a movable machine part with respect to its guidance direction (Y), a reference mark is provided by two cylindrical lenses (4, 5) which are arranged at an angle to each other and to the guidance direction. Since the distance intercepts for Y-direction scanning of and between the two cylindrical lenses is dependent on the instantaneous lateral offset (ΔX) of the guided part, it is possible to determine the absolute offset values (ΔX 1 , ΔX 2 ) of two spaced incremental-correction measurement systems (K1, K2), using pairs of pulses (A 1/2 , B 1/2 ) generated by two signal transmitters (KNIP1, KNIP2) upon their scanning traverse of the respective cylindrical lenses in the course of a single calibration run.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this work, the formula for the calculation of the modulation transfer function from a symmetric, one-dimensional line spread function is derived and a similar result for a symmetrical, two-dimensional point spread function has been presented.
Abstract: The images formed by many radiological systems are difficult to sample at spatial intervals small enough to avoid aliasing in the calculation of the system's modulation transfer function. However, if a system's response can be assumed to be symmetrical, this assumption can be used to effectively double the sampling density and to double the frequency limit before aliasing occurs. To accomplish this, a more complex algorithm is required. In this work, the formula for the calculation of the modulation transfer function from a symmetrical, one-dimensional line spread function is derived and a similar result for a symmetrical, two-dimensional point spread function is presented. The effect of noisy data and errors in the estimation of the offset of the center of the line spread function from a sampling point are investigated by simulation studies. For low noise (relative standard deviation of 1%) and an offset error of no more than 2% or 3% of a sampling interval, reasonable precision is obtained. These conditions appear to be achievable, especially when the noise is Poisson distributed.


Patent
24 Apr 1986
TL;DR: In this article, a hardening mechanism for offset journals of crankshafts is designed so that, in correspondence with the number of offset journals (3) arranged directly one behind the other, the same number of inductors (4) are arranged opposite, offset (7) perpendicularly to the axis of rotation (5) of an offset journal.
Abstract: Running faces (1, 2) and transition radii (16) on offset journals (3) of crankshafts (6), in which the offset journals (3) are arranged one behind the other without webs, are hardened according to the method rotationally and simultaneously. The hardening apparatus is designed so that, in correspondence with the number of offset journals (3) arranged directly one behind the other, the same number of inductors (4) are arranged opposite, offset (7) perpendicularly to the axis of rotation (5) of the crankshaft (6).

Patent
30 Apr 1986
TL;DR: In this article, an address extension system is provided for generating a physical address by summing a segment starting point address and an offset, where the shift amount is written in a predetermined bit of the segment register.
Abstract: An address extension system is provided for generating a physical address by summing a segment starting point address and an offset. Conventionally, the content of a segment register is shifted by a predetermined amount and summed to the offset, and the address space and the segment starting point address are fixed. In contrast, the present address extension system includes a register for storing shift amount data and the shift amount is set in the register and shifted. An address extension system is also proposed wherein the shift amount is written in a predetermined bit of the segment register. As a result, the address space can be extended and the segment starting point address can be arbitrarily set.

Proceedings ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the amplitude vs offset analysis is used to measure the reflection amplitude and offset signature of a gas-saturated sandstone under proper geologic conditions, showing a marked reflection amplitude increase with increasing offset.
Abstract: Early in this decade the new technology of amplitude vs. offset analysis proved to be an effective follow-up to the bright spot technology developed in the previous decade. W. J. Ostrander (1982) pointed out that under proper geologic conditions, gas saturated sandstones showed a marked reflection amplitude increase with increasing offset. G. S. Gassaway and H. J. Richgels (1983, 1984) showed that changing lithologies can also affect the reflection amplitude vs. offset signature. As with all new technologies there is an experience learning curve which is necessary to properly apply this new technology.


Patent
27 Mar 1986
TL;DR: In this article, the offset of a focus loop was adjusted on the basis of the amplitude detection value of a reproduced signal so that the amplitude is maximized, even if the reflection factor or the like is changed when a recording medium is replaced.
Abstract: PURPOSE:To obtain a correct focus even if the reflection factor or the like is changed when a recording medium is replaced, by adjusting the offset of a focus loop on a basis of the amplitude detection value of a reproduced signal so that the amplitude is maximum. CONSTITUTION:A recording signal on a disc 9 is reproduced while keeping the offset at the recording time as it is, and the amplitude value obtained by an amplitude detector 4 is binarized by an A/D converter 5 and is taken into a control microcomputer 6 and is stored in an internal memory 1. Next, the instruction which increases the offset by a certain value is outputted to a D/A converter from the microcomputer 6 to apply an offset voltage to a servo circuit 8, and the signal in this state is reproduced, and the amplitude is stored in an internal memory II of the microcomputer 6. The operation which increases or reduces the applied offset is repeated in accordance with the result from comparison between contents of memories I and II to adjust the offset.

Patent
26 Jun 1986
TL;DR: In this paper, a tool route screen is obtained with calculation of luminance information in addition to the tool route (NC data) using the plotting algorithm. And the offset processing is carried out with the offset value set in consideration of the finishing margin.
Abstract: PURPOSE: To improve the offset processing efficiency by checking the interference between the environmental form including a material to be processed and a using tool and using the plotting algorithm to form a tool route where a processing enable area is expressed positive. CONSTITUTION: A processing part for formation of a tool route includes a form data input part 100, an offset processing part 110, and a formation processing part 120 using the plotting algorithm. Thus a tool route screen is obtained with calculation of luminance information in addition to a tool route (NC data) using the plotting algorithm. Then an environmental form including an object form, etc., is converted into a three-dimensional model using a CSG model and the offset processing is carried out in response to the using tool diameter to replace the using tool with a linear tool. In addition, the offset processing is carried out with the offset value set in consideration of the finishing margin. Thus the processing efficiency is improved with formation a tool route. COPYRIGHT: (C)1988,JPO&Japio

Patent
Bertsch John Edward1
30 Apr 1986
TL;DR: In this article, the offset voltage and offset voltage drift corrections are applied to a signal amplifier to compensate for the effect of offset voltage or offset voltage error. But the proposed circuit does not require resistive feedback and is suitable for use with unmatched high frequency field effect transistor circuits.
Abstract: An amplifier circuit having offset voltage and offset voltage drift corrections which does not require resistive feedback and is suitable for use with unmatched high frequency field effect transistor circuits. The described circuit cancels the offset voltage of a signal amplifier and comprises means for applying differential voltages to an operational amplifier, together with a switchable feedback connecting the output of the amplifier to one of its inputs and a capacitor coupled between the feedback input of the amplifier, and one of the differential voltages. This allows amplifying of low level AC signals while reducing the error introduced by the offset voltage or the offset voltage drift of the amplifier.

Patent
19 Mar 1986
TL;DR: A scaling circuit for scaling PCM signals by factors less than one includes a bit-shift and truncating circuit (61) as discussed by the authors, which adds an offset value -(38) to the samples to compensate for errors produced by truncation without rounding.
Abstract: A scaling circuit for scaling PCM signals by factors less than one includes a bit-shift and truncating circuit (61). Roundoff error compensating circuitry adds (60) an offset value - (38)to the samples (15) to be scaled by the bit-shift circuitry to compensate for errors produced by truncation without rounding. The offset values may be dithered to increase the apparent resolution of the system.