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Onium
About: Onium is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1423 publications have been published within this topic receiving 21320 citations.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors constructed the small-x infinite momentum wavefunction of a hadron in QCD for those soft gluons reasonably well localized in a small transverse area.
756 citations
TL;DR: The story of the discovery and development of onium salt photoinitiators for cationic polymerization is chronicled in this article, and the mechanisms of their initiation are discussed briefly.
Abstract: The story of the discovery and development of onium salt photoinitiators for cationic polymerization is chronicled. The chemistry of the synthesis of these compounds is outlined, and the mechanisms of their initiation are discussed briefly. Among the most useful of these types of photoinitiators are diaryliodonium and triarylsulfonium salts, which are used widely for photoinduced cationic crosslinking reactions. From the very beginning, onium salt photoinitiated cationic polymerizations have found use in a multitude of practical applications. Specifically discussed in this article are the use of onium salts in coatings, adhesives, printing inks, release coatings, stereolithography, holographic recording, photocurable composites, and microelectronic photoresists. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 37: 4241–4254, 1999
435 citations
TL;DR: S-, Se-, and Te-trifluoromethylated dibenzoheterocyclic onium salts, their derivatives, and related salts were synthesized by the direct fluorination of a mixture of 2-[(triffluoromethsyl)thio- or seleno]biphenyls and triflic acid (TfOH) or HBF 4 etherate, by treatment of the corresponding sulfoxides and selenoxides with Tf 2 O by a new type of tellurium activation of 2]-(
Abstract: S-, Se-, and Te-trifluoromethylated dibenzoheterocyclic onium salts, their derivatives, and related salts were synthesized by the direct fluorination of a mixture of 2-[(trifluoromethyl)thio- or seleno]biphenyls and triflic acid (TfOH) or HBF 4 etherate, by treatment of the corresponding sulfoxides and selenoxides with Tf 2 O by a new type of tellurium activation of 2-[(trifluoromethyl)telluro]biphenyls with Tf 2 O and (CH 3 ) 2 SO, or by derivation from the onium salts obtained. Examination of reactivity indicated the trifluoromethyl heterocyclic salts to be greatly reactive compared to nonheterocyclic salts and indicated that this heterocyclic salt system serves as a source of widely applicable trifluoromethylating agents
433 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the physical and electrochemical properties of room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) based on asymmetric amide anions (TSAC: 2,2,2-trifluoro-N -(triffluoromethylsulfonyl)acetamide, C1C2: N -(tricyclic polysilicon)pentafluoroethylsulfonamide) and aliphatic onium cations, such as ammonium, phosphonium and sulfonium, were reported.
378 citations
TL;DR: The electrolytic conductivities and limiting reduction and oxidation potentials for various organic liquid electrolytes based on quaternary onium salts have been measured to find better electrolytes for electrical double-layer capacitors as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The electrolytic conductivities and limiting reduction and oxidation potentials for various organic liquid electrolytes based on quaternary onium salts have been measured to find better electrolytes for electrical double‐layer capacitors. An electrolyte composed of tetraethylammonium cation, tetrafluoroborate anion, and propylene carbonate solvent showed well‐balanced performance of high electrolytic conductivity, a wide stable potential window and resistance to hydrolysis. Among quaternary onium salts, triethylmethylammonium, ethylmethylpyrrolidinium, and tetramethylenepyrrolidinium tetrafluoroborate salts exhibited higher electrolytic conductivity than the conventional tetraethylammonium salt due to their much greater solubility.
322 citations