Showing papers on "Open innovation published in 2015"
TL;DR: In this article, the role of institutions in innovation from a service-ecosystems perspective is explored, which helps to unify diverging views on innovation and extend the research regarding innovation systems.
587 citations
TL;DR: Techniques essential to the functioning of an STE are described and it is argued that data emerging from these technologies are the driver for new business models, interaction paradigms and even new species.
494 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors explore how SMEs engage in external knowledge sourcing, a form of inbound open innovation, and empirically conceptualize a typology of strategic types of external sourcing, namely minimal, supply-chain, technology-oriented, application-oriented and full-scope sourcing.
Abstract: In this paper we explore how small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) engage in external knowledge sourcing, a form of inbound open innovation. We draw upon a sample of 1,411 SMEs and empirically conceptualize a typology of strategic types of external knowledge sourcing, namely minimal, supply-chain, technology-oriented, application-oriented, and full-scope sourcing. Each strategy reflects the nature of external interactions and is linked to a distinct mixture of four internal practices for managing innovation. Both full-scope and application-oriented sourcing offer performance benefits and are associated with a stronger focus on managing innovation. However, they differ in their managerial focus on strategic and operational aspects.
413 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the impact of knowledge sourcing on the environmental innovations of firms and found that knowledge sourcing has a positive impact on both types of EI-performance, however, a broad sourcing strategy reveals a threshold above which the propensity to introduce an EI diminishes.
325 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors propose a contingency model of open business models by systematically linking open innovation strategies to core business model dimensions, notably the content, structure, and governance of transactions.
299 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a model for business innovation is proposed, which takes full advantage of internal and external sources of innovation for the generation of sustainable competitive advantages in the tourism and hospitality sectors.
226 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors highlight the cross-fertilizing role of three constructs that are nurtured by different research traditions: collaborative/open innovation, from Strategy and Innovation Management research;absorptive capacity, from A Knowledge-Based View, and market orientation, from Marketing research.
211 citations
Book•
09 Jan 2015
TL;DR: Godin this article examines the representations and meaning(s) of innovation over time, its diverse uses, and the contexts in which the concept emerged and changed, organized around three periods or episteme.
Abstract: Innovation is everywhere. In the world of goods (technology), but also in the world of words: innovation is discussed in the scientific and technical literature, but also in the social sciences and humanities. Innovation is also a central idea in the popular imaginary, in the media and in public policy. Innovation has become the emblem of the modern society and a panacea for resolving many problems.
Today, innovation is spontaneously understood as technological innovation because of its contribution to economic "progress". Yet for 2,500 years, innovation had nothing to do with economics in a positive sense. Innovation was pejorative and political. It was a contested idea in philosophy, religion, politics and social affairs. Innovation only got de-contested in the last century. This occurred gradually beginning after the French revolution. Innovation shifted from a vice to a virtue. Innovation became an instrument for achieving political and social goals.
In this book, Benoit Godin lucidly examines the representations and meaning(s) of innovation over time, its diverse uses, and the contexts in which the concept emerged and changed. This history is organized around three periods or episteme: the prohibition episteme, the instrument episteme, and the value episteme.
185 citations
10 Nov 2015
TL;DR: In this article, a dynamic model of an open innovation economy system (OIES) is proposed as an answer to the research question, "How do we conquer the growth limits of capitalism?"
Abstract: The purpose of this study is to answer the research question, “How do we conquer the growth limits of capitalism?” Based on existing studies on growth limits of capitalism by Marx and Schumpeter as well as the recent discussions of Drucker, Rifkin, and Piketty, the dynamic model of an open innovation economy system (OIES) is proposed as an answer to this research question. OIES consists of an open innovation economy, closed innovation economy, and social innovation economy. The dynamics of OIES occurs from the positive interaction among the open innovation economy, closed innovation economy, and social innovation economy. The dynamics of the OIES circle are from an open innovation economy, through a closed innovation economy and social innovation economy, and back to an open innovation economy again. In addition, the validation of the model for the dynamics of OIES is improved by simulating the life cycle of the dynamics of OIES, low-level OIES dynamics, and high-level OIES dynamics, and by inquiring about a practical economic system corresponding to each simulation situation. Next through a comparative discussion between the linear steps of Schumpeter 1 and 2, and Socialist Democracy, and the dynamics of an open Innovation economic system, the practical and theoretical characteristics of the dynamics of OIES are clearly defined. Finally, the limits of this study and a follow-up research project are presented in addition to a summary of the discussion.
176 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the Structural Genomics Consortium was used as a boundary organization to enable firms to disclose R&D problems while minimizing adverse competitive consequences and increased the attractiveness of industry-informed agendas for academic scientists.
161 citations
TL;DR: It is found robust evidence that OUic-enabled ideation capability actually does not influence firm value, whereas OUIC-enabled implementation capability increases firm value.
Abstract: Challenge the common belief that OUICs are valuable by enabling firms to collect large amount of user-generated ideas.Propose that simply collecting ideas from OUICs is not valuable, whereas how firms deal with the ideas from OUICs matters for value creation.Adopt a longitudinal design and collect a large-scale panel data set to empirically test the theory.Provide threefold contribution to IS research on IT capabilities, the business value of IT, as well as IT and innovation. Social media technologies allow user-generated content and provide new opportunities and challenges for firms to transform their business. In particular, more and more firms have started strategically using the online user innovation communities (OUICs) for open innovation initiatives. The extent to which firms are able to derive business value from OUICs, however, has not been systematically examined. Drawing on a multi-theoretical foundation from the framework of dynamic capabilities and the view of innovation value chain, we conceptualize two OUIC-enabled capabilities, which are, ideation capability related to collecting user-generated ideas about potential innovation from OUIC, and implementation capability related to selecting user-generated ideas for innovation development and introducing developed innovation via OUIC. Using a large-scale panel data set consisting of 1676 firm-day observations from Dell and Starbucks, we examine the impacts of OUIC-enabled capabilities on firm value. We find robust evidence that OUIC-enabled ideation capability actually does not influence firm value, whereas OUIC-enabled implementation capability increases firm value. Novel theoretical and managerial implications are discussed.
TL;DR: Indications that socio-economic characteristics of citizens do not influence the willingness to participate in open government projects—contrary to findings in other forms of government participation—and therefore open government opens a great potential for enlarged citizen engagement are found.
TL;DR: Through the analysis of data from 225 firms in China, it is found that the alignment between IT flexibility and breadth enhances innovation radicalness and innovation volume, whereas the alignmentBetween IT integration and depth positively affects innovation volume only.
TL;DR: In a survey of 125 large firms in Europe and the United States with annual sales in excess of $250 million, this paper found that 78 percent of the firms report practicing open innovation, none have abandoned it, and 82 percent of those practicing Open Innovation report that it is practiced more intensively today than three years ago.
Abstract: OVERVIEW:We surveyed 125 large firms in Europe and the United States with annual sales in excess of $250 million to examine the extent to which large firms are now practicing open innovation. Our results showed that open innovation is not a passing fad: 78 percent of the firms report practicing open innovation, none have abandoned it, and 82 percent of those practicing open innovation report that it is practiced more intensively today than three years ago. We also asked about specific practices for “outside-in” and “inside-out” open innovation. We found that customer co-creation, informal networking, and university grants were the three leading inbound practices in 2011; crowdsourcing and open innovation intermediary services were rated lowest in importance. Joint ventures, selling market-ready products, and standardization were the three leading outbound practices; donations to commons and spinoffs were least frequently used. We also found that large firms are more likely to receive freely revealed infor...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focus on breadth and depth as two distinct open search strategies and claim that besides their different benefits in terms of learning and innovation, it is also necessary to consider their costs.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present an overview of the current research landscape dealing with the bioeconomy, and suggest that essential innovation management related research frames might contribute to a sustainable evolution of the bio economy by addressing the major challenges.
Abstract: As the global resource base is in need to move from fossil towards bio-based raw materials, different supply chains as well as existing technology platforms become increasingly interconnected. The therefore needed creation and exchange of new knowledge across scientific disciplines require R&D and target technology development and innovation, linking the knowledge-based bioeconomy to technology and innovation management research. In order to get an overview of the current research landscape dealing with the bioeconomy, a publication analysis is conducted. As the number of empirical studies, particularly in management research, is low, our study reveals that the evolution of the bioeconomy is still on a strategic level. Existing studies focus on knowledge networks, open innovation and technologies applicable across value chains to enable a holistic view on organizing future resource allocation and biomass flows. Scientific research in several dimensions is needed to elaborate the bioeconomy concept to make its implementation manageable. Industrial relevance Value chains, particularly of the agri-food, industrial products and energy sector, will increasingly converge due to the shift to bio-based raw materials leading to a mutual dependence and triggering new material flows and food processing technologies. This paper suggests that essential innovation management related research frames might contribute to a sustainable evolution of the bioeconomy by addressing the major challenges.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors systematically reviewed empirical articles linking open innovation actions and innovation performance in European countries, published on peer reviewed journals from January 2003 until May 2013, and organized the evidences according to a novel taxonomy grounded in the literature.
Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify the recurrences in the empirical evidences that link open innovation (OI) actions and innovation performance in European countries. It provides managers with useful strategic suggestions, emphasizes the limitations of the state of the art, and recommends future directions of research. Design/methodology/approach – The authors systematically reviewed empirical articles linking OI actions and innovation performance in European countries, published on peer reviewed journals from January 2003 until May 2013. The authors organized the evidences according to a novel taxonomy grounded in the literature. Findings – The paper shows an increasing interest in the research of empirical evidence regarding OI and innovation performance. Nonetheless, evidence of the role played by outbound OI activities are extremely rare. The authors found that process innovations are more likely to benefit from coupled OI activities rather than inbound activities. Moreover, the effect...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors extend the open innovation theory and the knowledge-based view to explain how a firm's external knowledge resource acquisition influences its innovation deployment as well as its performance; they argue that technology scouting plays an important role as an antecedent to collaboration with horizontal and vertical technology acquisitions.
TL;DR: This paper combines two techniques—bibliographic coupling and co-citation analysis—to visualize the network of publications that explicitly use the label ‘open innovation’ and to arrive at distinct clusters of thematically related publications.
Abstract: The concept of open innovation has attracted considerable attention since Henry Chesbrough first coined it to capture the increasing reliance of firms on external sources of innovation. Although open innovation has flourished as a topic within innovation management research, it has also triggered debates about the coherence of the research endeavors pursued under this umbrella, including its theoretical foundations. In this paper, we aim to contribute to these debates through a bibliometric review of the first decade of open innovation research. We combine two techniques--bibliographic coupling and co-citation analysis--to (1) visualize the network of publications that explicitly use the label `open innovation' and (2) to arrive at distinct clusters of thematically related publications. Our findings illustrate that open innovation research builds principally on four related streams of prior research, whilst the bibliographic network of open innovation research reveals that seven thematic clusters have been pursued persistently. While such persistence is undoubtedly useful to arrive at in-depth and robust insights, the observed patterns also signal the absence of new, emerging, themes. As such, `open innovation' might benefit from applying its own ideas: sourcing concepts and models from a broader range of theoretical perspectives as well as pursuing a broader range of topics might introduce dynamics resulting in more impact and proliferation.
Posted Content•
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the conditions under which portfolios of corporate venture capital relationships influence corporate investor innovation performance and found that the effect of diversity depends on the depth of knowledge resources available in the portfolio.
Abstract: This study examines the conditions under which portfolios of corporate venture capital (CVC) relationships influence corporate investor innovation performance. We investigate this question using longitudinal data on CVC investment portfolios of 40 telecommunications equipment manufacturers. We find an inverted U-shaped effect of portfolio diversity on corporate investor innovation performance. We also find that the effect of diversity depends on the depth of knowledge resources available in the portfolio. These results contribute to the interorganizational learning, corporate venture capital and open innovation literatures by showing how the depth and breadth of knowledge resources available in a portfolio of external partnerships with young ventures interact to influence firm innovation.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a conceptualization of open science as a new research paradigm and analyze the phenomenon of open innovation in academic and industrial science at the very front-end of the innovation process.
Abstract: The shift towards open innovation has substantially changed the academic and practical understanding of corporate innovation. While academic studies on open innovation are burgeoning, most research on the topic focuses on the later phases of the innovation process. So far, the impact and implications of the general tendency towards more openness in academic and industrial science at the very front-end of the innovation process have been mostly neglected. Our paper presents a conceptualization of this open science as a new research paradigm. Based on empirical data and current literature, we analyze the phenomenon and propose four perspectives of open science. Furthermore, we outline current trends and propose directions for future developments.
TL;DR: Open innovation denotes a company's ability to draw on a range of external sources to meet their needs for innovation as mentioned in this paper. But very few empirical analyses have been conducted on the extent to which this...
Abstract: Open innovation () denotes a company's ability to draw on a range of external sources to meet their needs for innovation. Very few empirical analyses have been conducted on the extent to which this...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors tried to understand the relationship between open innovation and firm performance in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), and found that broad and intensive engagement in OI and cooperation with external partners are positively associated with firm performance.
Abstract: This paper attempts to deepen understanding of the relationship between open innovation (OI) and firm performance in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Based on survey data from 306 Korean innovative SMEs, the results of this study show that: (1) broad and intensive engagement in OI and cooperation with external partners are positively associated with firm performance; (2) technology and market-oriented OI modes (Joint RD and (3) innovative SMEs benefit from working with non-competing partners, such as customers, consultancy/intermediaries and public research institutes. This work has broadened the evidence available on SMEs’ OI adoption and has proposed a new way to study OI adoption and implementation.
09 May 2015
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examine current research on open innovation in SMEs to integrate empirical findings and to point out future research agenda, finding that studies are mostly performed based on panel data and only several studies include sophisticated statistical analysis.
Abstract: Studies on open innovation in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) have experienced a rapid growth over the last several years. Yet, there is no comprehensive review on this field of research. The objective of this study is to examine current research on open innovation in SMEs to integrate empirical findings and to point out future research agenda. Findings suggest that studies are mostly performed based on panel data and only several studies include sophisticated statistical analysis. Studies are mostly conducted in the European context along with some studies in China and Korea while studies in the context of North America are scant. Open innovation improves the overall innovation performance of SMEs. However, relevant theories and models for managers are not well-established in the literature.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors illuminate the costs and benefits of crossing firm boundaries in inbound open innovation (OI) by determining the relationships among partner types, knowledge content and performance.
Abstract: The purpose of the paper is to illuminate the costs and benefits of crossing firm boundaries in inbound open innovation (OI) by determining the relationships among partner types, knowledge content and performance. The empirical part of the study is based on a survey of OI collaborations answered by R&D managers in 415 Italian, Finnish and Swedish firms. The results show that the depth of collaboration with different partners (academic/consultants, value chain partners, competitors and firms in other industries) is positively related to innovation performance, whereas the number of different partners and size have negative effects. The main result is that the knowledge content of the collaboration moderates the performance outcomes and the negative impact of having too many different kinds of partners. This illustrates how successful firms use selective collaboration strategies characterized by linking explorative and exploitative knowledge content to specific partners, to leverage the benefits and limit the costs of knowledge boundary crossing processes.
TL;DR: In this paper, the role of centrality and structural holes positions on the likelihood to develop new products and the moderating role of the open innovation flow, a measure of the net knowledge flow crossing the firm's boundaries, was explored.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors systematically review existing government crowdsourcing and peer production initiatives and show that after agencies have defined their public management problem, they go through four different phases of the OI process: 1 idea generation through crowdsourcing, 2 incubation of submitted ideas with peer voting and collaborative improvements of favorite solutions, 3 validation with a proof of concept of implementation possibilities, and 4 reveal of the selected solution and the internal implementation of the winning idea.
Abstract: Open government initiatives in the U.S. government focus on three main aspects: transparency, participation, and collaboration. Especially the collaboration mandate is relatively unexplored in the literature. In practice, government organizations recognize the need to include external problem solvers into their internal innovation creation processes. This is partly derived from a sense of urgency to improve the efficiency and quality of government service delivery. Another formal driver is the America Competes Act that instructs agencies to search for opportunities to meaningfully promote excellence in technology, education, and science. Government agencies are responding to these requirements by using open innovation OI approaches to invite citizens to crowdsource and peer produce solutions to public management problems. These distributed innovation processes occur at all levels of the U.S. government and it is important to understand what design elements are used to create innovative public management ideas. This article systematically reviews existing government crowdsourcing and peer production initiatives and shows that after agencies have defined their public management problem, they go through four different phases of the OI process: 1 idea generation through crowdsourcing, 2 incubation of submitted ideas with peer voting and collaborative improvements of favorite solutions, 3 validation with a proof of concept of implementation possibilities, and 4 reveal of the selected solution and the internal implementation of the winning idea. Participation and engagement are incentivized both with monetary and nonmonetary rewards, which lead to tangible solutions as well as intangible innovation outcomes, such as increased public awareness.
TL;DR: It is found that firms active in OI have a very strong preference for the governance of their OI relationships with other firms through formal contracts, and the strength of firms’ internal R&D capabilities increases the positive relationship between openness and the preference for IPR.
Abstract: Our exploratory empirical study, based on interviews and a survey of firms, addresses a number of questions on the role of formal contracts and intellectual property rights (IPR) in the context of firm-to-firm open innovation (OI). We find that firms active in OI have a very strong preference for the governance of their OI relationships with other firms through formal contracts. Also, despite the open nature of OI, firms still see IPR as highly relevant to the protection of their innovative capabilities. We find the degree of openness of firms, their formal legal attitude, and the competitive dynamics of their product market environment to be related to the preference of OI firms for IPR. Furthermore, the strength of firms’ internal R&D capabilities increases the positive relationship between openness and the preference for IPR.
TL;DR: In this article, the benefits of openness on a firm's innovation performance and specific firm-level contingencies under which those benefits are more (or less) likely to be observed are discussed.
Abstract: This paper provides new theory and evidence about the benefits of openness on a firm’s innovation performance and, more importantly, the specific firm-level contingencies under which those benefits are more (or less) likely to be observed. Building on Dyer and Singh’s (1998) relational view, we suggest that a firm’s lack of resources and absorptive capacity, as well as its use of secrecy, are significant barriers to benefiting from openness to external knowledge. Using responses from 12,152 firms to the fourth and fifth UK versions of the Community Innovation Survey (CIS) we generate findings consistent with our hypotheses.