Opportunism

About: Opportunism is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2030 publications have been published within this topic receiving 97170 citations. The topic is also known as: opportunist.

The Dark Side of Cultural Intelligence: Exploring Its Impact on Opportunism, Ethical Relativism, and Customer Relationship Performance

Abstract: Employees who possess cross-cultural capabilities are increasingly sought after due to unparalleled numbers of cross-cultural interactions. Previous research has primarily focused on the bright side of these capabilities, including important individual and work outcomes. In contrast, the purpose of this study is to demonstrate that the cross-cultural capability of cultural intelligence (CQ) can lead to both positive and negative outcomes. Applying the general theory of confluence, we propose that expatriates high in CQ excel in customer relationship performance, while simultaneously behaving opportunistically. We also suggest that ethical relativism moderates these relationships. Using mixed methods, four separate studies generally support our predictions while also deepening our understanding of various forms of opportunism and the mechanism behind two seemingly opposing effects. Conceptual and managerial implications of CQ for opportunism, customer relationship performance, and ethics are discussed.

Circumscribing Election: Reflections on the Taxonomization and Mental Componentry of Affirmation of a Contract by Election

Abstract: It not frequently occurs in legal contractual settings that one contracting party is confronted with a choice between holding the other contracting party to a valid and subsisting contractual relationship inter se ('affirming' the contract), and exercising an inconsistent legal power permitting that relationship to be put to an end ('disaffirming' the contract). When that happens, the other party becomes vulnerable to having his or her existing legal position altered (indeed abolished) by the unilateral decision of the party so confronted and empowered. The existence of such vulnerability thus necessitates that a choice, one way or the other, eventually, and permanently, be made; for it is undoubtedly unfair and inconvenient that the other party should be 'faced with the dilemma of uncertainty' as to where she or he stands vis- -vis the first party, especially in commercial affairs, and that she or he should thereby be exposed to procrastination or, worse, opportunism at the hands of the party empowered to choose.5 Contract law's longstanding aversion to one-sided promises generally explains why the power-holding party should be disqualified from an ability to speculate protractedly or indefinitely on the future progress of the contract at the other party's risk or possible disadvantage.

Governing of agrarian sustainability

Abstract: The new developing interdisciplinary methodology of the New Institutional and Transaction Costs Economics (combining Economics, Organization, Law, Sociology, Behavioral and Political Sciences) is incorporated into agrarian sphere, and a framework for governing of agrarian sustainability suggested It takes into account the role of the specific institutional environment (formal and informal property rights, and systems of their enforcement); and the behavioral characteristics of individuals (bounded rationality, tendency for opportunism, entrepreneurships, preferences, risk aversion etc); and the transaction costs associated with protection and exchange of property rights; and the critical factors of each transaction (such as frequency, uncertainty, asset specificity, and appropriability); and the comparative efficiency of market, private, public, and hybrid governing modes The discrete structural analysis is applied, and the principle forms for governing of transactions with specific critical dimensions specified The cases of market and private sector failures are identified, and the needs for a third party (Government, international assistance etc) intervention justified The comparative advantages and disadvantages of different modes for public involvement (property rights modernization, regulations, taxes, assistance and support, public provision, hybrid modes) are assessed The effective governance mix for public intervention in environmental transactions is presented

The Bid Protest Mechanism: Effectiveness and Fairness in Defense Acquisitions?

Abstract: What are bid-protests? What functions do they perform? This article proposes that government contracting, especially the source-selection process, gives rise to a particularly intractable set of transactional hazards: governmental opportunism, involving elected officials and public employees, and third-party opportunism, involving businesses engaged in protesting decisions made by public employees. It shows how the first of these hazards can be addressed by third-party intervention and how third-party intervention leads to third-party opportunism. It argues that existing arrangements governing the source-selection process, primarily the GAO’s bid-protest mechanism, effectively mitigate the consequences of governmental opportunism and, owing to this mechanism’s design, reduce the direct harm resulting from third-party opportunism as well. More formally put, it concludes that this mechanism works to minimize the sum of the costs of opportunistic behavior in the source selection process and of the costs of protecting against it and, therefore, that these governance arrangements are effective solutions to the idiosyncratic transactional hazards associated with government contracting.

The Impact of Transaction Attributes and Trust on Ex-Post Opportunism

Abstract: The aim of this study is to examine the impact of transaction cost variables (environmental uncertainty and transaction-specific investments) as well as trust as a relational safeguard mechanism on ex-post opportunistic behaviors in the relationships between tour operators and hotels. The data were collected from a field survey in the Turkish tourism industry. The data provide strong support for the transaction cost hypotheses and the role of trust on ex-post opportunism. The findings show that higher investments of hoteliers in transaction-specific assets are associated with increased risk of opportunism by the tour operators. Similarly, this study indicates that opportunistic actions increase with the unpredictability of environmental conditions. Furthermore the direct and indirect effects of trust are confirmed by the data. When trust moderates the influence of transaction cost variables it is observed that the positive effects of environmental uncertainty and transaction-specific investments are lower. Consequently, this study contributes to the literature by providing an opportunity to discuss both the direct effect and indirect effects of trust on ex-post opportunism.