Topic
Opportunism
About: Opportunism is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2030 publications have been published within this topic receiving 97170 citations. The topic is also known as: opportunist.
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06 Jan 1998
TL;DR: The resource-based view of competitive strategy proposes variables that affect outsourcing hazards even when opportunism can be ruled out, which is consequently particularly helpful in the examination of outsourcing contracts described as partnerships.
Abstract: To date, IT outsourcing research has focused on applied problems and case studies. Two bodies of theory offer useful and needed perspectives on both the risks and the factors or variables which affect the risk of outsourcing IT. Transaction cost economics provides a thorough description of the conditions under which the risks of opportunism and inflated transaction costs are high. The resource-based view of competitive strategy proposes variables that affect outsourcing hazards even when opportunism can be ruled out. The resource-based view is consequently particularly helpful in the examination of outsourcing contracts described as partnerships.
62 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reflect on changing interpretations of flexibility in planning literature from the planning scholars' point of view, and discuss recent trends in the planning literature practice to explain this change.
Abstract: This article reflects on changing interpretations of flexibility in planning literature from the planning scholars' point of view. Flexibility was seen as a negative feature in the 1960s in the literature. In time, the literature shifted towards the idea that flexibility may be a positive asset that helps the stakeholders of urban development to cope with the challenges of growing complexity and diversity in urban space and society. In the recent literature, flexibility is associated with creativity. The article discusses recent trends in planning literature practice to explain this change.
62 citations
TL;DR: Wang et al. as discussed by the authors applied transaction cost economics, social exchange theory and contingency theory to investigate how transactional and relational safeguards curb opportunism under demand uncertainty, and they found that trust and detailed contracts mitigate opportunism directly, but contract application aggravates the hazards of opportunism.
62 citations
Posted Content•
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors consider the transaction to be the ultimate unit of microeconomic analysis, and define hierarchical transactions as ones for which a single administrative entity spans both sides of the transaction, some form of subordination prevails and, typically, consolidated ownership obtains.
Abstract: This study analyzes organization of economic activity within and between markets and hierarchies. It considers the transaction to be the ultimate unit of microeconomic analysis, and defines hierarchical transactions as ones for which a single administrative entity spans both sides of the transaction, some form of subordination prevails and, typically, consolidated ownership obtains. Discusses the advantages of the transactional approach by examining three issues: price discrimination, insurance, and vertical integration. Develops the concept of the organizational failure framework, and demonstrates why it is always the combination of human with environmental factors, not either taken by itself, that causes transactional problems. The study also describes each of the transactional relations of interest, and presents the advantages of internal organization with respect to the transactional condition. The analysis explains why primary work groups of the peer group and simple hierarchy types arise. The same transactional factor which impede autonomous contracting between individuals also impede market exchange between technologically separable work groups. Peer groups can be understood as an internal organizational response to the frictions of intermediate product markets, while conglomerate organization can be seen as a response to failures in the capital market. In both contexts, the same human factors, such as bounded rationality and opportunism, occur. Examines the reasons for and properties of the employment relation, which is commonly associated with voluntary subordination. The analysis attempts better to assess the employment relation in circumstances where workers acquire, during the course of the employment, significant job-specific skills and knowledge. The study compares alternative labor-contracting modes and demonstrates that collective organization is helpful in enhancing the acquisition of idiosyncratic knowledge and skills by the work force. The study then examines more complex structures -- the movement from simple hierarchies to the vertical integration of firms, then multidivisional structures, conglomerates, monopolies and oligopolies. Discusses the market structure in relation to technical and organizational innovation. The study proposes a systems approach to the innovation process. Its purpose is to permit the realization of the distinctive advantages of both small and large firms which apply at different stages of the innovation process. The analysis also examines the relation of organizational innovation to technological innovation. (AT)
62 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a model of choice under uncertainty illustrates the optimality of the equal opportunity provision of schooling in terms of inputs, and shows why schools offer similar, diverse curricula as a means of allowing students to shed risk about ability and future employment.
62 citations