Showing papers on "Optical fiber published in 1968"

Method of making fiber optic bundles

Abstract: A PROCESS OF MAKING A FIBER OPTIC REFLECTIVE READER BUNDLE HAVING DISTINCT ILLUMINATION CARRYING FIBERS AND SIGNAL OR IMAGE CARRYING FIBERS DIFFERING SUBSTANTIALLY IN DIAMETERS WHEREBY THE DISTINCT FIBERS MAY BE SELECTIVELY SEGREGATED BY THEIR RELATIVE BENDING MOMENTS.

Wavelength Multiplexing in Fiber Optics

Abstract: Two ways are described in which dispersion can be used to improve the information transfer through fiber bundles. First, the use of dispersion at the entrance and exit ends of a fiber-optics image-transmitting bundle produces an image with resolution improved by about a factor of two. The individual fiber elements are not seen in the image. Second, it is possible to reduce drastically the number of fibers in the bundle and still transmit a complete image. One way is to arrange a number of rows of fibers parallel to each other but spaced a distance apart. The dispersion is perpendicular to the rows. Each row of fibers carries a chromatic image of the object. At the exit end the different chromatic images from the various rows of fibers are recombined by a dispersion system similar to that at the entrance end. Thus, each image point is reconstructed by a plurality of wavelengths. The image can therefore contain color as well as intensity information. The improvement of information transfer per fiber depends on the number of rows and on the ratio of dispersion distance to fiber diameter. It is shown that with a ratio of 100, a 20-row fiberscope can transfer the same effective information as a conventional fiberscope containing 660 rows. The relationship between dispersion and achromatic field is discussed and a comparison is given of prism and grating dispersion systems.

Photoelectric and electric light conversion element

Abstract: In photoelectric transducing apparatus of the type having an electron beam scanning a surface coated with electron activated light emitting material to convert graphic information into electrical output signals, or modulated in accordance with electrical input signals to convert the input signals into graphic information, a light transmitting means comprises a plurality of optical fibers fused together in juxtaposed relation to form a plate having a solid, voidless cross section of the optical fibers. The light transmitting means may comprise a plate severed from the fused fibers and fritted to the surface of a cathode-ray tube, in combination with a light transmitting channel formed of the fused optical fibers. The end faces of the channel may be formed either by cutting perpendicular to the lengths of the fibers or by cutting at an angle to such perpendicular.

Pulse communication along glass fibers

Abstract: The limit in pulse repetition rate set by multimoding in the propagation of optical pulses through glass fibers is examined. Results are shown demonstrating that scattering causes a mode distribution independent of the launching conditions and suggesting that a 5-MHz repetition rate should be feasible with 1 km of fiber.

Information media reading apparatus

Abstract: Data indications arranged in rows and columns on a card or other information media are read by use of an arrangement of a plurality of light sources, fiber optic conductors, and light sensors. The light sources are energized to sequentially read one card row at a time activating a selected photocell through unmasked fiber optic conductors. The light sources and conductor ends are aligned such that an aperture in the card will be read as a continuous light beam by a photocell for that position. Means are also provided to insure that the card is properly inserted into the card chamber.

The History And Evolution Of Fiber Optics

Abstract: Fiber optics is a facinating field of modern optics which depends primarily on the principle of total internal reflection. Fiber optics usually refers to the technique of conveying light or images through a particular configuration of glass or plastic fibers.

Exposure device for copying apparatus

Abstract: AN EXPOSURE DEVICE FOR A PHOTOGRAPHIC COPYING APPARATUS IN WHICH A FIBER-OPTICAL ARRAY IS SPACED FROM THE IMAGE SOURCE. THE OPTICAL FIBERS ARE PROVIDED WITH LIGHTABSORPTIVE LAYERS AT THE INCIDENT-LIGHT END SUCH THAT THE DISTANCE BETWEEN THE IMAGE SOURCE AND THE IMAGE PLANE ACROSS THE FIBER OPTICAL NETWORK IN MILLIMETERS CORRESPONDS TO THE LENGTH OF THE ABSORPTIVE SHEATH OR LAYER ALONG THE OPTICAL FIBER, MULTIPLIED BY THE MAXIMUM TOLERABLE LACK OF DEFINITION IN MICRONS AND DIVIDED BY THE CROSS-SECTION OF THE FIBER PARALLEL TO THE MEASUREMENT OF THE LACK OF DEFINITION IN MICRONS.

Light deflection system

Abstract: A display system using a fluid stream as an optical fiber carrying a light beam, by total internal reflection, to a display panel. The fluid stream is selectively directed to a transparent character on the display panel, and the light beam is released from the fluid stream by inducing a sharp bend into the fluid stream.

Fiber optics element

Abstract: A fiber optics element comprising a pair of fiber optics assemblies connected in series, the side face of one assembly being transparent, and provided with a half mirror between said two assemblies at an oblique angle to the optical path, whereby the reflected image of an object disposed in close contact with the end face of said one assembly is derived from the side face thereof.

Plastic fiber optics. II: loss measurements and loss mechanisms.

Abstract: Transmission loss in plastic optical fibers was investigated for axial, small numerical aperture input. The loss coefficient α was determined as a function of wavelength λ by varying sample length and using filters. More extensive information on α(λ) was obtained by use of a monochromator with transmission at a particular λ standardized by independent measurement. Measurement in white light of scattered intensity as a function of position along a fiber yielded α and an estimate of scattering power. Analyses of the scattering data and the variation of α with λ suggest that scattering is the principal loss mechanism.

Recorder using fiber optics

Abstract: A RECORDER FOR VISUALLY RECORDING ON LIGHT SENSITIVE FILM AN INPUT SIGNAL WHICH QUANTITATIVELY VARIES OVER A PERIOD OF TIME. THE INPUT MAY COMPRISE A FORM OF SPIROGRAPH IN WHICH A VARIABLE FLOW OF AIR ROTATES A SHAFT THROUGH A FAN. THE SHAFT IN TURN MOVES ONE END OF A FLEXIBLE OPTICAL FIBER WHICH IS ALIGNED WITH THE ENDS OF THE FLEXIBLE OPTICAL FIBERS IN AN ARRAY LONG ONE AXIS IN RESPONSE TO THE MAGNITUDE OF THE INPUT SIGNAL. LIGHT PROJECTED THROUGH THE ONE FIBER IS SELECTIVELY DISTRIBUTED TO THE ARRAY IN RESPONSE TO THE MAGNITUDE OF THE INPUT SIGNAL. SIMULTANEOUSLY THE OTHER END OF THE FIBER ARRAY IS MOVED ALONG AN ORTHOGONALLY RELATED AXIS OVER A SELECTED TIME PERIOD BY A MOTOR DRIVE SO THAT THE QUANTITATIVE MEASURE OF THE INPUT INFORMATION IS MEASURED IN TIME RELATION BY IMPINGING THE LIGHT FROM THE FIBER ARRAY ONTO THE LIGHT SENSITIVE FILM.

N-channel tachistoscopes

Abstract: Two 10-channel tachistoscopes are described. In one the optical system is based upon fiber optic light guides; channel and interchannel time control is provided by Tektronix pulse and waveform generators. In the other the optical system uses 10 8-mm variable power projector lens systems. Timing control is obtained from an Iconix timebase generator and preset counters. Two methods of programming the equipment are described and some experimental applications are considered.

Fiber optics disk scanning systems

Abstract: Apparatus for simultaneously scanning two related frames of color TV film includes a disk rotated about its axis at high speed. Narrow radial slits in the disk cooperate with two separate fiber optics channels each formed with an entrance and a narrow exit. A lamp lights the disk, and the disk slits and exits are relatively oriented so that a scanning spot emanates from each exit and executes a rectilinear scan, notwithstanding curvilinear motion of the disk slits as the disk is rotated. Moreover, the fiber optics channels are tapered if necessary so that the scanning lines are of disk length, whether or not the disk slits are all at the same radial location.

Apparatus for graphic distortion

Abstract: METHOD AN APPARATUS FOR SCRAMBLING AND RECONSTRUCTING A DOCUMENT PATTERN SO THAT THE RESULTING SCRAMBLED VERSION IS UNINTELLIGIBLE TO THE OBSERVER AND WHEREIN PRECISE REGISTRATION OF THE SCRABLED VERSION WITH AN UNSCRAMBLING UNIT IS UNECESSARY. IN THE FIRST EMBODIMENT, A BUNDLE OF FIBERS OPTICS HAVE THE ENDS THEREOF PLACED IN CONTACT WITH A DOCUMENT AND A RECORDING SURFACE. THE DOCUMENT END OF THE FIBERS OPTICS IS FORMED INTO AN ORDERLY ARRAY OF ROWS AND COLUMNS, WHILE THE RECORDING END OF THE BUNDLE HAS THE INDIVIDUAL FIBERS FORMED INTO A SERIES OF CORRESPONDING MATHEMATICALLY CONTINUOUS CURVES. IN THE SECOND EMBODIMENT, A FIBER OPTIC BUNDLE HAS ONE END FORMED AS A SINGLE STRAIGHT LINE AND THE OTHER END AS A MATHEMATICALLY CONTINUOUS CURVE, WHEREIN THE STRAIGHT LINE END OF THE FIBER OPTIC BUNDLE IS USED TO SCAN IN ORIGINAL WHILE THE CURVED END SIMULTANEOUSLY COMPOSES THE DISTORTED IMAGE ON A COPY SURFACE.

Fiber optics pulse width modulator

Abstract: An optical pulse width modulator having a spiral stack of optical fibers providing a plurality of independent channels of different length for the passage of light. A suitable light source is intensity modulated in accordance with an applied electronic signal waveform and the light directed through the stack of optical fibers. The light emerging from the fibers is correlated with a waveform pattern in an optical grating and detected photoelectrically as a width modulated signal representing the correlation function between the applied electronic signal and the optical grating.

Light sensor with optical light piping

Abstract: An adjustable mount adapted to selectively align exit faces of a plurality of optical fibers with a transducer to enable remote readout of light intensity at the entrant face of each fiber.

Facsimile scanner with rotating optical fiber and optical correction

Abstract: Facsimile apparatus wherein a mark on a flat document is correlated with an electrical signal through an optical link comprising essentially a wide angle objective lens projecting an image from said document on a first plane mirror, a cylindrical surface receiving said image from said first plane mirror, at least one optical fiber rotating about the axis of said cylindrical surface with an extremity close to said surface, a second plane mirror receiving an image from said optical fiber and an electro-optical device detecting the image from said second plane mirror.

System for operating an optical shutter

Abstract: 1,133,514. Optical systems. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, ARMY, SECRETARY OF. Aug.18, 1966, No.37142/66. Heading G2J. [Also in Division G1] In an optical viewing device means are provided to protect the observer against the blinding effects of intense light produced, e.g. by laser beams or atomic explosions, the means comprising an inertia free shutter in the form of a Kerr cell interposed in the optical path. As shown in Fig. 1 a periscope comprises an objective lens 12 through which light rays 11 enter and travel along an optical path to an eyepiece lens 23, the optical path including, in succession, prism 13, a bundle of optical fibers 14 to produce a time delay of about twenty nanoseconds, prism 15, lens 16, polarizer 17, Kerr cell 18 and an analyzer 22. Light rays 24 from the same source as rays 11 pass through lens 25, prism 26 and lens 27 to a photo-cell 28, the output of the photo-cell passing through a wideband amplifier 32 and rectifier 33 to an output amplifier 34, the amplifier 34 being biased by a voltage at terminal 35 to establish a threshold operating level. When the threshold is exceeded the amplifier 34 applies a voltage through wires 36, 37 across the capacitor plates 19, 21 of the Kerr cell 18, causing rotation of the plane of polarizaion of the polarized light and thereby varying the amount of light transmitted by the analyzer 22. Above a certain light intensity the light transmission is zero. The optical delay means 14 provides the necessary time for the optical shutter to be operated before the light reaches the observer's eyes. In a modification Fig. 3 (not shown) the optical delay means comprises multiple reflections from a pair of opposed mirrors. In another modification Fig. 4 (not shown) intended for protection against laser beams exhibiting a series of pulses, a pulse stretcher and an O R gate are interposed between the amplifiers 32, 34 to ensure that the shutter is kept closed for a period of time considerably longer than the duration of a single pulse.

Faceplate means for improving dielectric strength of cathode-ray tubes

Abstract: The invention is a multiple element faceplate assembly for cathode-ray tubes for increasing the dielectric strength of the faceplate and thereby eliminate voltage breakdown across the faceplate. A second faceplate is coupled to the fiber optic faceplate of a cathode-ray tube to compensate for flaws in the fiber optic faceplate which reduce the dielectric strength between surfaces of the fiber optic faceplate.

Manufacture of fiber optic stacks

Abstract: A process for manufacturing fiber optic stacks from an array of fibers subjected to heat and pressure in a fusion vessel, the array being separated from the vessel by a metal foil. The fusion vessel may be of graphite. A high-temperature lubricant, preferably boron nitride, may be used between the foil and the vessel.

Fiber Optic Polychromator

Abstract: A polychromator has been designed and built to obtain time dependent profiles of spectral lines produced in a pulsed plasma. Light intensity is measured simultaneously at ten wavelengths, spaced 1 A apart, by means of a specially constructed fiber optic device. The device consists of ten parallel line-to-spot light guides that transmit the output of a monochromator to a bank of photomultiplier tubes. The device is compact, relatively simple, and allows for precision measurements. Its usefulness in plasma electron density and temperature determinations is outlined.

Color coded rotation-rate indicator

Abstract: An apparatus for indicating to an operator the rotational rate of an element that is located remotely from the operator. A multicolored reflector is secured to the rotating element and a beam of light reflected off said multicolored reflector is transmitted through a fiber optic cable to the operator''s station. The operator can by observing the beam of light emitted from the fiber optic cable ascertain the rotational rate of the element.